放宽静稳定性大型客机电传控制律设计

对放宽静稳定性大型客机进行了控制增稳控制律的设计,并完成了相关的仿真验证。通过研究《CCAR-25运输类飞机适航标准》和C*飞行品质评价准则,提出了放宽静稳定性大型客机纵向增稳控制律的设计要求。采用国际上先进大型客机常用的C*构型设计纵向电传增稳控制律,最后对所设计的控制律进行了操纵品质和增稳效果的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,设计的控制律在典型的巡航状态下,电传闭环操纵品质满足Ⅰ级飞行品质;同时在纵向扰动的情况下,有很好的静稳定性,增稳效果满足适航条例的要求。     

放宽静稳定性大型客机纵向控制增稳系统设计

针对大型客机放宽静稳定性后纵向稳定性和操纵品质不足等问题,采用LQG/LTR理论及方法设计了一种纵向控制增稳系统,并通过典型重心位置和飞行阶段的仿真,表明该系统具有比经典控制增稳系统更为理想的增稳效果、鲁棒性、抗干扰能力和操纵品质。     

基于LQR的无人机增稳控制系统设计及仿真

为解决小型无人机易受大气紊流干扰、飞行稳定性较差等问题,根据固定翼飞机GJBI85-86及C*规范要求,应用鲁棒性较强的LQR理论设计了无人机纵向增稳控制器,以使其飞行品质满足相关规范要求.仿真结果表明,所设计的增稳控制系统不仅提高了无人机飞行的稳定性,还有效改善了其动态响应和鲁棒性.     

民机横航向稳定性飞行试验与评定方法研究

根据适航条款的要求,归纳出民机横航向稳定性的试飞要点.对国产某型支线客机的横航向稳定特性进行了评定研究,提出了合适的飞行试验方法,并进行了飞行试验评定.试验结果表明,该试验方法所验证的本体阻尼特性满足适航审定的最低要求,而且通过自动偏航阻尼器的增稳作用,飞行品质有显著提升,飞行员更易于完成横航向控制的飞行任务.     

放宽静稳定性大型客机的LQR控制律设计

论述了法向过载信号反馈在放宽静稳定性大型客机自动驾驶仪增稳控制中的作用。在自动驾驶仪纵向内回路控制律中引入法向过载信号,构成了国际先进客机的C*控制律构型;反馈系统的输出信号,选用LQR设计方法同时闭合客机纵向的内回路和姿态、油门回路,形成了输出跟踪器,并设计了性能指标与反馈参数。以B707为例,建立了其着陆进近阶段的非线性模型,配平并线性化,用获得的控制律进行数字仿真验证。结果表明,内回路增稳效果良好,C*响应曲线在最佳响应区,姿态响应和速度保持都达到了满意的效果。     

翼身融合布局低速风洞试验研究

翼身融合布局(BWB)综合性能突出,是未来民用航空领域飞行器发展的必然趋势,研究BWB布局的气动特点及流动机理,对开展BWB布局设计具有重要的支撑作用。采用测力、丝线流动显示的风洞试验方法并辅以CFD方法,开展300座级BWB布局(BWB-1)低速气动特性、流动机理及通气发动机短舱影响研究。结果表明:与Early BWB、N2A布局相比,BWB-1具有更好的低速纵向气动性能,具有横向静稳定、航向静不稳定量值较小,航向增稳与控制难度较小等优点;揭示了布局的流动发展过程及具有和缓失速特性的物理原因;通气发动机短舱对提高最大升力及增加航向静稳定性有利,对横向静稳定性影响较小,但使得阻力和低头力矩增加;CFD纵向计算结果与试验基本一致,验证了CFD方法的有效性。     

飞机控制增稳系统设计中的控制律研究

本文从飞行力学的角度出发,着重以高增益控制增稳系统为主来讨论控制增稳系统的主要参数的设计及其同飞行品质的关系问题.在推导带自动器飞机的运动方程的基础上,通过对根轨迹、过渡过程曲线和常规飞行品质指标等多方面分析讨论,来说明控制增稳系统的几个主要参数对飞机飞行品质的影响.同时讨论了飞机控制增稳系统与机械操纵系统的相容性,并对控制增稳系统的设计思想以及设计中应考虑的问题提出了初步的看法.     

RLV投放轨迹飞行动力学特性分析

根据投放任务要求设计缩比可重复使用空间飞行器(RLV)投放轨迹，并建立飞行动力学基本分析框架。其中包括对轨迹进行参数灵敏度分析和沿轨迹的操稳特性分析。灵敏度分析则包括飞行终端状态参数受模型变化、投放条件、操纵参数、风场等内外扰动影响的分析。稳定性分析包括静稳定性和失速／偏离判据以及模态特性分析；操纵性分析包括考虑平衡、增稳和机动性余量三方面的要求。以上工作为导航和控制设计奠定了重要基础。     

翼身融合布局民机克鲁格襟翼设计

翼身融合（BWB）布局是"绿色航空"发展目标的下一代大型民用飞机的理想布局。由于高度融合的外形特点,BWB布局难以通过应用传统增升装置实现低速增升与配平的协调设计。本文采用开缝钝头克鲁格襟翼提高BWB布局低速失速特性。首先,构建了克鲁格襟翼二维参数化方法,该方法符合克鲁格襟翼运动机构特点,可准确描述几何外形与缝道配置。其次,开展克鲁格襟翼几何参数与偏转角度的影响规律研究,分析流动形态与增升机理,提出设计原则。综合考虑外形、运动机构与遮蔽效应等设计约束,以提高增升能力为目标,开展前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼优化设计。优化设计结果满足设计约束,数值分析表明其增升能力比初始外形与经典缝翼均有明显提高。最终,采用前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼与后缘简单襟翼构建BWB增升构型,数值模拟与风洞试验结果表明,增升方案能够实现升力系数要求,降低了对配平能力的需求,减小了增升装置和高升力配平设计压力。提出的克鲁格襟翼设计方法不仅适用于BWB布局,也为传统布局民机增升装置设计提供了技术支持。     

基于飞行品质的飞机控制增稳系统参数估计

提出了一种控制增稳系统参数的设计方法,即利用低阶等效系统和飞行品质边界,通过搜索算法确定满足对应飞行品质的参数集合,再利用多种飞行品质确定的参数集合的交集和数据的插值算法,确定控制增稳系统的控制律参数。通过纵向增稳系统设计仿真表明,所提方法简化了传统设计方法通过性能指标反复选择参数和验证系统飞行品质的过程,为控制增稳系统的设计提供一种简单有效的方法。     

Stability characteristics and airworthiness requirements of blended wing body aircraft with podded engines

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) aircraft have a relatively short fuselage and no horizontal tail, and they usually adopt podded engines and a V tail instead of a vertical tail. Generally,BWB aircraft have decreased longitudinal and directional static stability and damping. In this paper, the three-axis static and dynamic stability characteristics of an example BWB aircraft with podded engines are studied. According to the differences in flight characteristics of BWB aircraft and conventional aircraft, th...     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

Aerodynamic Design Methodology for Blended Wing Body Transport

This paper puts forward a design idea for blended wing body(BWB).The idea is described as that cruise point,maximum lift to drag point and pitch trim point are in the same flight attitude.According to this design idea,design objectives and constraints are defined.By applying low and high fidelity aerodynamic analysis tools,BWB aerodynamic design methodology is established by the combination of optimization design and inverse design methods.High lift to drag ratio,pitch trim and acceptable buffet margin can be achieved by this design methodology.For 300-passenger BWB configuration based on static stability design,as compared with initial configuration,the maximum lift to drag ratio and pitch trim are achieved at cruise condition,zero lift pitching moment is positive,and buffet characteristics is well.Fuel burn of 300-passenger BWB configuration is also significantly reduced as compared with conventional civil transports.Because aerodynamic design is carried out under the constraints of BWB design requirements,the design configuration fulfills the demands for interior layout and provides a solid foundation for continuous work.     

翼身融合飞机的空气动力学研究进展

翼身融合飞机(Blended Wing Body Aircraft-BWB Aircraft)是一种新型高升阻比无尾布局的大型运输机,其气动特性的研究是BWB布局飞机克服众多技术难题的基础。文章首先简述了BWB布局的研究历程,给出巨型BWB布局飞机的总体几何特征参数和基本性能,并简述风洞和自由飞试验情况;接着介绍BWB研究中的多学科优化平台,着重讨论气动优化技术,它是解决BWB布局气动问题的基础手段之一;然后综述BWB布局研究的热点领域:气动特性研究、气动弹性研究和发动机/机体一体化设计研究;最后提出BWB布局发展趋势的若干方面。     

小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机偏航轴飞行品质评定

依据MIL—STD—1797A飞行品质规范,对小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机的偏航轴飞行品质进行了评定研究。评定结果表明：由于构型的原因,飞翼布局飞机本体的稳定特性和阻尼特性都较差,因此飞行控制系统对其动态响应特性的调节作用更加明显。稳态配平特性主要受构型的影响,飞翼布局飞机一般不能完全满足飞行品质的要求。由于可控性的设计要求需采用多操纵面的组合操纵,控制分配技术导致某些现有的品质准则需要修改。小展弦比飞翼布局飞机取消了垂尾（方向舵）并采用了新型操纵面（ICE）,在某些情形下对偏航轴操纵效能的需求与常规飞机相比存在较大的差异。总之,在飞翼布局作战飞机的构型设计、飞控系统设计以及飞行品质评定条款的制定、实施中,均需考虑这些新的飞行品质特性。     

Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.     

翼身融合飞机参数化几何模型

本文研究翼身融合飞机的参数化几何模型生成的方法。翼身融合飞机各部件均视作翼面类部件,运用形状函数和分类函数变换方法描述飞机各个剖面翼型。用三次施密特曲线描述飞机沿展向的厚度变化与后缘曲线形状,用分段曲线描述复杂的前缘形状。翼梢小翼划分为过渡段与主段两部分分别描述,并通过变换矩阵计算主翼段关键参数坐标。应用CATIA二次开发技术实现参数化几何模型的自动生成。     

民机的一种新型布局形式——翼身融合体飞机

 讨论了一种区别于机翼与圆柱机身的传统民机外形——翼身融合体（BWB）外形。从给定容积下减少浸润面积和摩擦阻力的考虑发展出了翼身融合体的概念。在满足系列设计约束条件下讨论了适于大型（800座）客机的翼身融合体的技术和商业上的可能性。概念设计研究表明,翼身融合体外形可获得比常规外形更好的性能。巡航升阻比可从传统外形的19提高至23。480座的BWB外形与同量级的传统外形（A380-700）相比,最大起飞重量可减少18%,每座位燃油消耗可减少32%,具有良好的环保性。通过气动载荷分布规律的反设计,翼型修型和三维优化设计等气动设计方法可以有效减阻和提高BWB的气动性能。由于BWB的高度融合性,讨论了多学科优化设计方法的重要性和有效性。BWB概念能够发展成BWB系列机,进一步提高巡航马赫数也是可能的。     

翼身融合布局民机高低速协调设计

翼身融合（BWB）布局作为一种创新的布局形式,成为未来民用飞机发展的热点。与传统布局相比,BWB布局具有综合优势,是以安全性、经济性、舒适性和环保性为发展目标的下一代大型民用飞机的理想布局。针对BWB布局低速飞行性能不易满足"绿色航空"发展目标的技术现状,分析当前BWB布局高低速综合设计中出现的问题和面临的挑战,提出了改善低速性能的应对策略。通过总体参数对高低速性能的影响规律研究,分析了影响高低速协调设计的各种因素,指出翼载是影响高低速协调设计的核心参数。基于项目组长期研究工作,提出了综合考虑高低速性能的BWB布局设计要求,建立了高速向低速适当妥协,综合平衡高低速矛盾的设计思想,给出了由三点技术措施构成的高低速协调设计原则。根据本文提出的高低速协调设计思想和设计原则,采用多学科综合优化和气动综合设计方法,进行了概念方案的高低速协调设计,获得了高低速协调、综合性能优异的概念设计方案。CFD分析和风洞试验验证结果表明,协调设计后的概念方案,在保持优异巡航性能的同时,显著提高了低速性能,降低了对增升能力的需求,减小了高升力状态力矩平衡措施的设计压力,达到了保证巡航效率和提升低速性能的协调设计目标。本文提出的高低速协调设计思想和设计原则为提升BWB布局低速性能提供了新的思路和方法,可应用于翼身融合类民机布局研究,并可为其他用途翼身融合类飞机设计提供参考。