气动弹性系统的阵风减缓与颤振主动抑制

针对Ｊ８飞机模型，研究了阵风减缓与颤振主动抑制的综合控制问题，应用现代控制理论设计控制系统，分别对机翼／外挂系统模型作开环和闭环分析。由数字式控制实现了阵风减缓与颤振主动抑制的风洞实验，风洞实验结果表明：设计控制律具有抑制颤振和减缓阵风响应的双重功能。     

机翼/外挂系统的颤振主动抑制研究

 本文对颤振主动抑制控制律进行了研究。研究对象为一小展弦比带外侧导弹的机翼颤振模型,模型具有外侧后缘控制面。依据该模型的全部动力特性和刚度特性,以最优控制为基础,采用动态补偿器方法,设计了两阶控制律。对该控制律进行了风洞实验验证。实验结果表明:颤振临界速度提高了14％以上。理论计算结果与实验结果一致。     

结构非线性颤振半主动控制的理论及实验研究

对结构非线性颤振的半主动控制即“颤振驯化”方案进行了理论及实验研究。以二无非线性颤振系统为对象,分析了半主动控制的原理及带有半主动控制环节后系统的响应特性。设计了相应的颤振半主动控制的风洞实验模型,系统响应信号的监测处理、刚度调节机构的运转控制由以8031芯片为主体的单片机来完成。风洞实验取得了良好的控制效果。     

颤振主动抑制控制律的研究

本文以一个小展弦比三角机翼的风洞模型为研究对象,研究颤振主动抑制技术,包括建立伺服气动弹性系统的数学模型,次最优输出反馈控制律的综合和分析。     

基于气动力控制的颤振抑制分析研究

气动能量法在颤振主动抑制领域中的应用日趋广泛。在气动能量法的基础上,针对某型飞机,利用已有的控制面设计了颤振抑制的最优控制律,并通过一种新的计算方法寻优得到最优控制律。为验证该控制律的有效性,同时计算了无控和有控两种情况下的颤振临界速度。计算结果表明,该控制律可使某机的颤振临界速度提高10.4%。     

飞行控制律对体自由度颤振特性影响试验

飞翼飞机易发生刚体短周期模态与机翼低阶弯曲模态耦合所致的体自由度颤振。飞行控制系统对飞机的短周期模态特性影响很大,因此考虑飞行控制系统的闭环体自由度颤振特性值得进一步研究。针对自主设计的颤振模型开发了相应的俯仰姿态保持控制律,综合运用风洞试验和仿真计算开展了相关研究,获得了不同刚体自由边界条件下的开环/闭环体自由度颤振特性,研究了闭环增益对体自由度颤振特性的影响规律,简要分析了影响机理。试验和仿真计算结果共同表明：俯仰姿态保持控制律明显地改变了俯仰模态阻尼的原有走势,闭环后的体自由度颤振特性变化明显。以开环颤振速度为基准,采用较小的比例回路增益K_P或较大的微分回路增益K_D,飞行控制律能增加飞行器俯仰阻尼,提高体自由度颤振速度,反之飞行控制律将导致颤振速度降低。就本文控制律而言,当K_P<0.07或K_D>0.2时俯仰姿态保持控制律能起到抑制体自由度颤振的作用。     

考虑气动不确定性的鲁棒机翼颤振抑制

对一柔性机翼颤振抑制的鲁棒控制律设计用作考虑频域气动不确定性的鲁棒气动侍服弹性稳定性分析，提出用最小控制功率使机翼稳定的问题。因此，在鲁棒闭环稳定约束情况下把数字优化用于简单低阶控制装置的范数最小化。通过对结构奇异值的上界和从线性稳定性分析得到的特征值提出约束，在优化问题上强制鲁棒稳定性，用增益调度综合得到的控制装置，并在风洞实验中演示了鲁棒机翼颤振抑制。     

基于H_∞/H_2方法的弹性飞行器颤振抑制系统设计

在考虑机翼弹性的情况下,研究大展弦比高空长航时飞行器的主动控制技术,以达到颤振抑制的效果。为了解决飞行器模型阶数过高难以进行控制律设计的问题,采用改进的平衡截断方法对模型进行降阶处理。同时针对机翼弹性所带来的严重气动弹性问题,基于静态输出反馈H_∞/H_2控制方法对降阶后的模型设计了颤振抑制控制律。仿真结果表明,飞行器在海平面高度下的颤振临界马赫数提高了128%,说明H_∞/H_2控制器起到了很好的主动控制效果。     

变弯度后缘与常规舵面机翼的颤振主动抑制对比

后缘变弯度机翼的气动弹性建模与稳定性分析日益受到关注。为了探究变弯度后缘相比常规偏转舵面机翼颤振主动抑制的方法与特点，以一个小展弦比后缘变弯度机翼为对象，首先建立结构有限元模型，并引入变弯度后缘变形模态和常规舵面偏转模态，采用亚声速偶极子格网法计算非定常气动力；然后使用基于最小状态法的有理函数拟合进行频域到时域模型的转换，建立两种构型机翼的气动弹性模型，并在建模时考虑了变弯度后缘与常规舵面控制带宽的差异；最后利用线性高斯二次型方法设计控制律进行颤振主动抑制，分析对比两种控制方式的特性差异。结果表明：采用变弯度后缘的闭环系统能够将颤振临界速度提高22%，其提升效果优于常规舵面，所需舵面偏转峰值更小。     

低速风洞带动力模型自由飞试验

为在风洞中模拟飞行器六自由度飞行的物理过程,获取飞行器流动/运动/控制耦合特性,对低速风洞带动力模型自由飞试验技术进行了研究。基于相似准则,在大型低速风洞建立了试验系统,利用纵向静不稳定的动力学相似缩比模型飞机,经过飞行控制律闭环控制增稳后,开展稳态飞行、施加标准激励验证飞行、控制律参数调整验证飞行、大迎角飞行等自由飞试验,并将试验结果与原型机飞行仿真结果进行了对比研究。结果表明,基于相似准则建立的低速风洞带动力模型自由飞试验系统,能够有效模拟飞机闭环控制飞行过程,试验结果准确反映原型机的稳定与控制特性。低速风洞带动力模型自由飞试验验证了原型机的飞行控制律,预测了其大迎角失速/偏离特性,形成了飞行器气动/飞行力学/控制一体化风洞试验研究能力。     

RESEARCH ON DIGITAL ACTIVEFLUTTER SUPPRESSION

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Active Control Law Design for Flutter/LCO Suppression Based on Reduced Order Model Method

 Active stability augmentation system is an attractive and promising technology to suppress flutter and limit cycle oscillation (LCO). In order to design a good active control law, the control plant model with low order and high accuracy must be pro-vided, which is one of the most important key points. The traditional model is based on low fidelity aerodynamics model such as panel method, which is unsuitable for transonic flight regime. The physics-based high fidelity tools, reduced order model (ROM) and CFD/CSD coupled aeroservoelastic solver are used to design the active control law. The Volterra/ROM is applied to constructing the low order state space model for the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics and static output feedback method is used to active control law design. The detail of the new method is demonstrated by the Goland+ wing/store system. The simu-lation results show that the effectiveness of the designed active augmentation system, which can suppress the flutter and LCO successfully.     

Control law design for transonic aeroservoelasticity

Existing computational transonic aeroservoelastic researches focus on directly coupling the structural dynamic equations, CFD solver and servo system in time domain, study the effect of the given feedback control laws on the responses of the aeroelastic system. These works have not involved the design of the flutter active control law. The non-linearity of transonic flow brings great difficulties to aeroservoelastic analysis and design. Recent research of the unsteady aerodynamic reduced order models (ROM) based on CFD provides a challenging approach for transonic aeroservoelastic analysis and design. Coupling the structural state equations with the aerodynamic state equations of the wing and the control surface based on the ROM, we construct a transonic aeroservoelastic model in state-space. Then the sub-optimal control method based on output feedback is used to design the flutter suppressing law. The study first demonstrates the open loop of the Benchmark Active Controls Technology (BACT) wing. The computational results of the CFD direct simulation method and the ROM analysis method are both agree well with the experimental data. Then both the closed loop time responses and the flutter results by ROM technique are compared with those of numerical aeroservoelastic simulation based on Euler codes to validate the correctness of the design method of the control law and aeroservoelastic analysis method. An increase of up to 20% of the speed index can be achieved by the control law designed by sub-optimal control method for this model.     

FLUTTER SUPPRESSION USING DISTRIBUTED PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS

The Flutter suppression using distributed piezoelectric actuators has been analyzed and tested. In constructing the finite element equation, effects of piezoelectric matrices are investigated. LQG method is used in designing the control law. In reducing the order of the control law, both balance realization and LK methods are used. For the rational approximation of the unsteady aerodynamic forces LS method is improved. In determining the piezoelectric constants d31 a new dynamic response method is developed. Laser vibrameter is used to pick up the model response and in ground resonance test the model is excited by piezoelectric actuators. Reasonable agreement of the wind tunnel flutter suppression test with calculated results is obtained.     

翼面结构/颤振主动控制律一体化设计

在气动弹性领域内对结构 /控制一体化设计作了初步的探索与研究。针对采用加速度传感器的气动伺服弹性模型 ,建立了在拉普拉斯域中颤振速度对结构设计变量及控制设计变量的解析导数表达式。同时也建立了奇异值对结构设计变量的解析导数表达式。对一矩形机翼以输出反馈的形式进行了结构 /控制一体化设计。目标函数为结构重量最轻 ,满足闭环系统颤振速度和以奇异值为基础的鲁棒稳定性指标约束 ,取得了较好的计算结果     

Hypersonic flutter and flutter suppression system of a wind tunnel model

The aeroelastic behavior of a thin flat rudder model was numerically simulated and experimentally investigated in a hypersonic wind tunnel. In particular, a flutter suppression system taking advantage of collision within small gaps was proposed and a novel system for the flutter simulation of the whole nonlinear aeroelastic system including the flutter suppression system was developed. First, the critical flutter dynamic pressure of the rudder without the flutter suppression system was calculated with different methods. Then, the whole nonlinear aeroelastic system, including theflutter suppression system, was simulated to design the gap size. Finally, the flutter suppression system was experimentally validated in a hypersonic wind tunnel operating at Mach number 5. The typical phenomenon of Limit Cycle Oscillation(LCO) was observed, avoiding the structural failure of the model and the consistency between numerical and experimental results was demonstrated.The proposed suppression system can improve the design and reusability of test models of hypersonic flutter experiments.