GH4169G整体叶盘阶梯铣削稳定性研究

为解决高强高温合金GH4169G整体叶盘叶片铣削加工不稳定问题,通过有限元分析的方法,分析了沿大径方向(叶片宽度)和轴向(叶身方向)两种逐层铣削方案对加工稳定性的影响,研究了阶梯铣削工艺和传统双面对称铣削工艺对整体叶盘叶片铣削稳定性的影响.结果表明:沿大径方向逐层加工时,其理论绝对稳定极限切削深度小于实际加工中可能的最大切削深度,主轴转速、切削深度等切削参数选择范围较小;而沿轴向逐层加工时,其理论绝对稳定极限切削深度大于实际加工中可能的最大切削深度.与传统双面对称铣削工艺相比,阶梯铣削工艺使整体叶盘叶片的刚度得到提高,相同载荷下叶片的最大变形量降低了60%,其前6阶模态频率均较高,加工过程更稳定,加工出的叶片能满足设计要求.      

通道曲面的柱面逼近方法及其在叶轮插铣中的应用

为了使叶轮粗加工后的通道表面与其设计曲面尽可能接近,将整体叶轮的定轴插铣理论模型概括为通道曲面的最大内接柱面优化问题。同时,为简化该问题的计算难度,将最大内接柱面的优化问题转化为柱面直母线方向和柱面准线的确定两个步骤。提出了确定内接柱面直母线方向的最小二乘模型与解算方法,在此基础上,将通道曲面沿柱面的直母线方向进行投影,通过相关曲线间的裁剪操作,获得了最大内接柱面的准线。以最大内接柱面的准线作为插铣加工时的边界曲线,以柱面直母线方向作为插铣加工时平头刀的轴线方向,给出了计算刀心位置和安全高度的迭代算法。最后通过数值算例验证了所提方法的正确性。该方法将有助于叶轮粗加工效率的提高,同时为叶轮的精加工预留较均匀的加工余量。     

Optimization of NC parts machining processes with respect to economic criteria

In this paper, the economical efficiency of optimal cutting conditions at NC milling of machine parts and grinding is considered. We present the mathematical models of milling operation labor-intensity and a method of searching for optimal control of milling conditions. Also given is the solution of a nonlinear programming problem of finish grinding.     

不分离型超声复合铣削系统稳定性研究

为研究不分离型超声复合铣削系统的稳定性,讨论了超声复合铣削运动特性,建立了不分离型超声复合铣削稳定性模型。利用半离散法对超声复合铣削稳定性进行研究,应用MATLAB软件进行数值分析并得出了超声铣削稳定性叶瓣图。研究表明,不分离型超声复合铣削能提高普通铣削系统的稳定性,最大极限切削深度提高约13.8%。利用钛合金材料进行超声复合铣削的试验验证,试验结果验证了理论模型与稳定性叶瓣图的正确性,同时也验证了利用半离散法分析超声复合铣削系统稳定性的可行性。     

飞机蒙皮镜像铣加工稳定性分析

镜像铣技术是近年来提出的一种针对大尺寸薄壁件的加工方法,其加工环保、高效,具有逐步取代传统化铣加工的趋势。针对飞机蒙皮镜像铣加工过程中的颤振问题,首先,根据镜像铣加工特点,建立工艺系统颤振稳定性极限的预测模型;其次,通过有限元方法对蒙皮工件进行模态分析,分析蒙皮不同加工位置动力学特性变化导致的铣削稳定性变化,并通过实验测量获取工件动力学参数,对不同加工位置的稳定性做出预测;最后,开展加工实验,基于非接触测量方法,在线监测镜像铣加工区域的振动位移,通过时、频域信号对加工状态进行辨识,揭示了镜像铣加工过程的稳定性变化及失稳机制,验证了所提方法的准确性,在工程领域具有较高的实用价值。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

An investigation on adaptively machining the leading and tailing edges of an SPF/DB titanium hollow blade using free-form deformation

Titanium hollow blades are characterized with lightweight and high structural strength, which are widely used in advanced aircraft engines nowadays. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) combined with numerical control (NC) milling is a major solution for manufacturing titanium hollow blades. Due to the shape deviation caused by multiple heat and pressure cycles in the SPF/DB process, it is hard to manufacture the leading and tailing edges by the milling process. This paper presents a new adaptive machining approach using free-form deformation to solve this problem. The actual SPF/DB shape of a hollow blade was firstly inspected by an on-machine measurement method. The measured point data were matched to the nominal SPF/DB shape with an improved ICP algorithm afterwards, by which the point-pairs between the measurement points and their corresponding points on the nominal SPF/DB shape were established, and the maximum modification amount of the final nominal shape was constrained. Based on the displacements between the point-pairs, an accurate FFD volume was iteratively calculated. By embedding the final nominal shape in the deformation space, a new final shape of the hollow blade was built. Finally, a series of measurement and machining tests was performed, the results of which validated the feasibility of the proposed adaptive machining approach.     

镜像铣削加工奇异区域刀具路径优化

在大型薄壁件镜像铣削加工中,由奇异点引起的旋转轴运动不连续会影响加工质量,降低加工效率。针对此问题,分析了镜像铣削加工奇异点存在的原因,提出了一种奇异区域内的刀具路径优化方法。首先,针对镜像铣削系统的铣削头和支撑头分别建立了其旋转轴运动学变换模型,推导旋转轴微分运动关系,据此分析奇异点存在的原因及其对加工质量和效率的影响,定义了机床行程内的奇异区域范围。分析结果表明在镜像铣削系统行程范围内,仅铣削头存在奇异区域,而支撑头不存在奇异区域。然后,在镜像铣削加工刀路约束条件下,基于刀路光顺性指标建立了刀路优化模型。通过在加工曲面参数域内对跨越铣削头奇异区域的刀路进行调整,使得优化后的刀路更加光顺,以提高加工精度和表面质量,减少奇异区域附近的加工时间。最后,通过镜像铣削加工实验验证所提方法的有效性。     

热处理状态对LD10 铝合金化铣表面质量的影响

为了解决运载火箭结构中口盖零件化铣后表面质量较差的问题,对LD10 铝合金板材的化铣加

工进行了试验研究。采取同批次、相同变形量、不同热处理状态(淬火+人工时效、淬火+过时效)的零件在相同

的化铣工艺参数下进行试验,并对零件的化学成分、金相组织进行了分析。理论研究及试验结果表明:LD10 铝

合金的化铣表面质量与加工前热处理状态有关,退火状态及淬火+人工时效状态的零件化铣后表面质量较好,

在不影响力学性能的前提下,可采用过时效处理提高化铣表面质量。

     

航空薄壁件铣削加工中保持工艺系统高刚性方法

针对航空铝合金薄壁工件铣削加工时易出现的颤振以及切削效率低的问题,从动力学角度出发进行了深入的分析研究,提出了通过采用保持工艺系统高刚性的加工过程工艺优化与铣削加工动力学仿真结合的方法进行铣削加工.试验结果证明本法可以收到很好的效果,较好地解决了航空铝合金薄壁结构工件加工的颤振问题,提高了工件的加工表面质量和切削效率.     

钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差研究

螺旋铣孔是航空航天领域新出现的制孔技术,其切削过程中会产生径向切削力,从而引起刀具变形并造成孔径偏差。针对该问题开展了钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差试验,分析了包括进给方向在内的不同加工参数对孔径偏差的影响规律;基于螺旋铣孔运动学原理对不同进给方向下的材料去除过程和径向切削力方向进行了研究,分析了不同进给方向下的孔径偏差变化规律及形成原因,并设计切削力试验进行了验证;通过分析不同加工参数下的未变形切屑形状及径向切削力变化情况,研究了各加工参数对孔径变化趋势的影响规律。研究结果表明,当进给方向为顺时针时,刀具受背离孔心的径向切削力的作用向孔径外侧发生挠曲变形,导致所加工孔径大于理论孔径;当进给方向为逆时针时则相反。进给速度和导程的增加将加剧孔径偏差,切削速度的增加则会减弱孔径偏差。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

基于响应曲面法的高速内冷铣削AISI304不锈钢铣削力

针对硬质合金刀具高速内冷铣削AISI304不锈钢时,切削力大、切削温度高及加工表面质量低的问题。基于响应曲面中心复合设计方法进行高速内冷铣削实验,建立了铣削力分量二阶回归预测模型,并进行了实验验证。对比了干式与内冷铣削后的加工表面质量,分析了铣削参数对铣削力分量的影响规律,以铣削力分量最小为目标优化了铣削参数。结果表明:进给力和径向力的预测值与实验值的误差分别为4. 77%和6. 16%;内冷铣削的Ra为0. 193～0. 327μm;对铣削力分量的影响是铣削深度转速进给量,随着铣削深度和转速的增加,进给力先升高后降低,径向力逐步增加,铣削深度与转速的交互作用对进给力和径向力的影响显著;转速11 643. 63 r/min、铣削深度1 mm、进给量0. 08 mm/r为最优铣削参数组合。     

纤维夹角和铣削参数对CFRP铣削力的影响

为探索CFRP铣削加工中出现的分层、崩边等表面缺陷形成机理,对CFRP进行铣削加工实验。基于单因素实验法获得了纤维夹角对CFRP铣削力的影响规律,基于中心复合曲面设计,获得了硬质合金刀具铣削CFRP过程中铣削速度、每齿进给量和铣削深度对铣削力的影响规律,并构建了铣削力的预报模型。实验结果表明:纤维夹角在0°～90°,铣削力随纤维夹角的增大而降低,而在90°～180°,铣削力随纤维夹角的增大而增大。f_z和a_e对三个方向铣削力影响都较为显著。v_c对y向和z向铣削力影响较为显著,而对x向铣削力影响不显著。铣削力随三个铣削参数的升高而增大,其中每齿进给量对铣削力影响最大。     

叶栅试验件数控铣加工及组件装配工艺的改进研究

通过对叶栅试验件数控铣加工及组件装配工艺的改进研究,对传统加工工艺及组件装配工艺进行优化,选用三坐标加工中心加工叶片端面及榫头,保证了榫头的一致性;在榫头加工螺纹孔,利用螺栓穿过榫槽将叶片与栅板固定,解决了叶栅试验件组件装配尺寸问题。此方法可大幅减少加工时间,提高零件合格率。     

微小整体叶轮五轴联动微细铣削加工试验研究

微小整体叶轮作为微型发动机的重要组成部分,其加工质量直接影响微型发动机的使用性能。针对微小整体式复杂叶轮流道狭窄、叶片扭曲大和长厚比大等特点,开展了微小复杂扭曲整体式叶轮五轴联动微细铣削加工方法研究。针对微小叶轮加工过程极易发生变形、过切和碰撞干涉等问题,对微小叶轮的加工过程进行工艺规划,建立了微小叶轮流道加工刀具选择的约束方程,计算出叶轮加工刀具的最大理论直径。通过CAM软件对叶轮进行切削仿真,验证了刀具选择和工艺规划的正确性。通过五轴联动微细铣削试验,得到了具有6个直径10mm的叶片、叶片最小厚度0.15mm、叶片最小相邻间距0.58mm的7075铝合金微小整体叶轮。     

复杂异型零件小直径螺纹优质高效加工工艺研究与应用

复杂异型壳体类零件广泛应用于航空发动机控制附件,此类零件表面分布有大量小直径螺纹孔,螺纹孔加工是影响整个壳体生产加工效率和精度的核心工序。该类零件现有的加工工艺存在一致性差、加工效率低、专用夹具多、铣螺纹时易出现正锥现象等缺点。针对上述问题,提出并设计专用螺纹铣刀进行加工,通过宏程序编程解决刀具刃部缩短带来的编程问题,...     

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度与表面缺陷研究

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度对其使用性能具有重要影响,通过试验研究端面铣削参数、干铣削和刀具磨损对表面粗糙度及表面缺陷的影响。研究表明:表面粗糙度对每齿进给量变化最为敏感,其次是铣削宽度,再次为铣削深度,铣削速度最小;刀具磨损量(VB)对粗糙度产生明显影响,尤其VB大于0.2mm时,表面粗糙度将急剧增加,并导致划痕、孔洞缺陷;不同铣削条件下均存刀痕、侧流、隆起等缺陷;干铣削时加工表面出现熔敷物或熔滴,并增大毛刺;毛刺随切削速度的增大而变小,随刀具磨损量VB的增加而变大。钛合金TB6适宜在冷却润滑条件下低速铣削加工。     

In-process adaptive milling for large-scale assembly interfaces of a vertical tail driven by real-time vibration data

Assembly interfaces, the joint surfaces between the vertical tail and rear fuselage of a large aircraft, are thin-wall components. Their machining quality are seriously restricted by the machining vibration. To address this problem, an in-process adaptive milling method is proposed for the large-scale assembly interface driven by real-time machining vibration data. Within this context, the milling operation is first divided into several process steps, and the machining vibration data in each pro...