管制员注意行为分析及应用

一、引言简而言之，空中交通管制工作的目的就是防相撞，再而言之，空中交通管制工作的实质就是不断发现飞行冲突、解决飞行冲突。任何表面的或潜在的飞行冲突，只有被发现、被察觉，才会有认识解决的机会。纵观近年来空中交通管制工作中出现的各类差错，有相当一部分是由于管制员精力分配不当，未能发现或及时发现飞行冲突而造成的。发生这类问题的根源往往被归结为“麻痹大意”——这也是我们常常为此类问题备好的“标签”——如果不去探究其背后的隐旨，“标签”本身有什么意义呢？它是解决问题的“灵丹妙药”吗？     

树立和谐文化发展观不断加快空管文化建设步伐

“十一五”时期是全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化建设的重要机遇期，是我国由民航大国向民航强国发展的关键时期，是民航系统加快发展，基本实现空管现代化最为关键的阶段。当前，如何在不断满足地区空中交通保障需求中提升安全管理水平、提高空中交通管制服务质量，实现民航空管现代化目标，走科学发展之路，是民航空管系统目前亟待解决的问题，[第一段]     

我国通过卫星监测冰岛火灾和美油井事故

近期，在冰岛火山喷发、严重影响欧洲地区空中交通的灾情发生，及美国“深水地平线”石油钻井平台发生严重爆炸之后，中国航天科技集团公司所属中国资源卫星应用中心迅速开展了灾情的卫星监测工作，及时把监测结果反馈到相关国际组织，在防灾减灾工作中发挥了重要作用。     

美国管制员的招聘和培养

对于美国联邦航空局（FAA）来说，空中交通管制员的新旧补充享有很高的优先权。当财政预算紧缩的时候，空中交通管理系统负责提高训练标准并且招聘更多的年轻人加入空中交通管制队伍中。     

优化班组资源管理浅谈

随着民航业的迅猛发展．空中交通管理工作已不是由单个管制员所能承担，而必须由队组的集体行为来完成。当前．在一些国家也已采纳“队组资源管理（Team—ResourceManagement）”这一命题，其目的正是欲反映队组在安全有效的空中交通服务中的重要作用。队组即我们平时常说的班组．班组作为最基本的管制单位，其工作的质量和效率直接关系到空管安全。     

论空中交通管理的核心竞争能力

从全球空中交通管理行业的整体比较来看，某些国家和地区的空中交通管理单位由于拥有资金、技术和管制管理能力等方面的独特优势，因而能对空管行业的实际管理效率起一定的示范作用和对未来空管的发展方向产生深刻的影响。这样的空管单位同其它国家和地区的空管单位相比较在某些方面的过人之处，可以用“核心竞争能力”（Core competence）来表示。     

管制员常见疾病及防治

空中交通管制员肩负着保障飞行安全、维护空中交通秩序、加速空中交通有序流动的重任。空中交通管制工作的特点要求管制员必须具备健康的身体和心理、充沛的精力和体能。然而近年来，一些管制员由于在工作和生活中没有注意保养和预防，罹忠了一些与日常工作有较大关系的疾病，这些疾病若不加以重视和及时防治，随着病情的加深，会影响管制员的工作效率，     

员工短缺仍然是欧洲空中交通管制的主要问题

在欧洲,空中交通管制员短缺的问题被提出数年之后,这一问题仍然存在。在近日召开的第25界空中交通管制员协会国际联盟（IFATCA）欧洲地区会议上,欧洲的空中交通管制员们聚集在里斯本,报告说交通流量在持续增长,同时一些新的更先进的空中交通管制系统则需要更多的员工。这一状况与“9·11”事件之后一些国家所做出的减少甚至停止补充新管制员的决定有关。     

浅议安全注意力资源的开发和利用

“安全注意力”、“安全注意力资源”是近年来安全科学领域富有新意的提法,是系统安全工程和现代安全管理理论派生的一种安全生产保障新思路、新对策,也是安全保障部门预防不安全事件和事故发生的重要基础性工程。空中交通管制是一项高风险的智力劳动,空中交通管制是以人为决策     

中国民航空管自动化系统的发展

空中交通管制是民用航空运输业安全和效能的中枢。空中交通管制水平对于保障飞行安全，加速飞行流量，提高空域利用率，促进航空运输业持续协调发展起着至关重要的作用。空中交通管制工作是由空中交通管制员依赖空中交通管制系统(简称空管系统)来完成的。他们指挥航空器安全起飞和着陆，     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。