边界扫描—一种新的测试技术

本文在简要介绍传统测试方法及其存在问题的基础上，阐述了一种新的测试技术──边界扫描测试技术，并对测试技术的发展趋势作了初步探讨。     

边界扫描技术及其应用

边界扫描技术是一种应用于数字集成电路器件的标准化可测试性设计方法,它提供了对电路板上元件的功能、互连及相互间影响进行测试的一种新方案,极大地方便了系统电路的测试。介绍了支持JTAG标准的IC芯片结构,并以PC机作为平台,利用边界扫描技术对某飞控计算机系统中的CPU电路板进行测试,实现了该电路板的可测性设计,体现了边界扫描技术对于芯片互连故障测试检验效率高,控制简单方便,易于实现的优越性。     

支持多路混合电压边界扫描链测试的适配方案

从边界扫描链的基本结构和边界扫描链的构建原则入手,提出了一种支持电路板上多路混合电压边界扫描链测试的适配方案,有效解决了同一电路板上混合电压的边界扫描链不能用同一JTAG控制器测试的问题.该适配方案可将电路板上不同电压的边界扫描链路经电平转换后由用户自主选择是分链测试,还是构成一条链路进行测试.该适配方案灵活简便,可增强芯片间的互连测试能力,并提高电路板的测试覆盖率.     

边界扫描技术在电子控制器测试中的应用

航空发动机电子控制器向更高性能和更高集成度的方向发展,使得传统测试方法难以满足需要.提出了通过边界扫描技术来解决电子控制器核心电路的测试问题.设计了边界扫描测试技术验证平台,主要包括边界扫描测试适配器和被测电路.对被测电路开展了基于边界扫描的测试试验,完成了主要指令的测试.同时通过扫描链实现了对被测电路的故障注入,通过这种方法注入故障可对航空发动机电子控制器的机内测试(BIT)能力进行验证.      

边界扫描技术在电子控制器测试中的应用研究

航空发动机电子控制器向更高性能和更高集成度的方向发展,使得传统测试方法难以满足需要。本文提出了通过边界扫描技术来解决电子控制器核心电路的测试问题。为了论证这一方案的可行性,设计了边界扫描测试技术验证平台,主要包括边界扫描测试适配器和被测电路。对被测电路开展了基于边界扫描的测试试验,完成了主要指令的测试。同时通过扫描链实现了对被测电路的故障注入,通过这种方法注入故障可对航空发动机电子控制器的机内测试（BIT）能力进行验证。本文探索了边界扫描测试技术在航空发动机电子控制器中的应用     

基于PC机的边界扫描测试实现

在介绍边界扫描测试基本原理的基础上,讨论了基于 PC 机的边界扫描测试系统的设计及其原则,包括总线、软件、测试生成算法等问题。     

基于边界扫描技术的板级机内测试方案及实现策略

在分析和总结现有基于边界扫描板级ＢＩＴ技术的基础上,针对武器装备ＢＩＴ的高可靠性、灵巧性和嵌入式要求,提出了一种基于边界扫描技术的电路板ＢＩＴ实现方案,并据此分析了其中需要进一步解决的技术问题。     

基于边界扫描技术的板级内测试方案及实现策略

在分析和现有基于边界扫描板级ＢＩＴ技术的基础上,针对武器装备ＢＩＴ的高可靠性、灵巧性的嵌入式要求,提出了一种基于边界扫描技术的电路板ＢＩＴ实现方案,并据此分析了是一步解决的技术问题。     

边界扫描JTAG控制器设计及实现

从边界扫描测试的概念、工作原理和基本结构入手,分析并设计了边界扫描JTAG控制器,以具体的芯片和指令为例,通过 JTAG 控制器实现了对芯片的边界扫描测试功能,为进一步展开嵌入式边界扫描测试研究工作提供了依据。     

基于PC并行口的SVF文件解释和执行工具

以微型计算机为平台,利用简单的并行口下载电缆,实现了对边界扫描测试总线的控制,在此基础上,编程实现对 SVF 格式文件的解释和执行,从而构建了边界扫描测试系统的低层平台,配合第三方的 SVF 文件生成工具,就可以构成一个完整的边界扫描测试系统。     

Study on the Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films Prepared by Sol-gel Method

Sr0.5Ba0.5–xBixTiO3 (BST) thin films were fabricated on a Pt/SiO2/Si substrate by the sol-gel method. Then follows an investigation of the influences of bismuth (Bi) on the microstructures and the dielectric properties of Sr0.5Ba0.5-xBixTiO3 (BST) thin films. The micro-structures of the BST thin films were examined by the XRD and the TEM techniques. Tetragonal perovskite crystal grains were observed in BST thin films. Increasing Bi3 doping ration in BST will lead to decrease of the grain size. It is found that Bi3 doping decreases the dielectric loss and improves the frequency dispersion of the BST thin films. Not only is compressed the peak of temperature-dependence of dielectric constant of Bi3 -doped BST thin films but also moves into the low-temperature region. Moreover, the average Curie tem-perature decreases gradually with the Bi3 contents increasing.     

激光多普勒流速仪系统参数优化实验研究

为获取激光多普勒流速仪光电倍增管电压、脉冲信号阈值和信噪比等级等系统参数对测量结果的影响,在自循环环形水槽中,采用对比实验,测量了相关系统参数对采样数据率、时均流速和脉动流速的影响程度。实验结果表明：光电倍增管电压在570-630V时脉动流速测量结果相对稳定;较低的脉冲信号阈值能提高采样数据率,实验时应根据采样数据率进行调节;信噪比等级对时均流速和脉动流速无影响,等级为Very Low时能满足水流实验需要。优化激光多普勒流速仪系统参数设置,将提高采样数据率和测量精度。     

民机试验室高寒适航符合性试验验证方法研究

针对国内民机整机试验室高寒试验没有相应参照标准的问题,开展了民机试验室高寒适航符合性试验验证技术研究。首先简要解读与民机整机高寒气候环境相关适航条款25.1301(a)(4)及25.1309(a),给出了民机整机高寒试验验证的适航要求;然后通过分析某型民机试验室高寒试验的实施过程,提出了适用于民用飞机整机适航符合性试验室试验验证流程;其次对民机整机试验室高寒试验实施中存在的几个关键性问题进行了研究,主要包括飞机安装系留方式、试验项目、试验顺序及试验条件确定方法、试验测试方案架构、试验程序优化方法等;最后结合试验方法给出了试验结果判定原则,形成了适用于民机整机试验室高寒适航符合性试验验证方法。该方法可为民机整机试验室高寒试验的有效实施提供技术支持。     

基于验后概率的Bayesian序贯方差检验技术（Ⅱ）

在给定截尾试验次数的条件下,为了在理论上给出最大截尾试验次数以及从保护使用方利益的原则出发进行试验设计,基于验后概率和＂小概率事件原理＂,在一定程度上以保护使用方利益为准则,对Bayesian序贯方差检验（BSVT）模型进行了修正,建立了修正的Bayesian序贯方差检验（MBSVT）模型,设计了继续试验区临界值的求解...     

Generic training for ATE technicians

It is argued that the job of an automatic test equipment (ATE) technician is evolving toward that of a computer operator. The technician has automatic tools (test programs) written for every replaceable unit in his test set. The technician selects which test is run. During the test the technician is presented results and given options if a test fails. If the option called out by the test program does not fix the problem, the technician must go back into his tool box (his library of test programs) and select the right tool to do the job. This is true for a technician working on any piece of ATE. It is contended that training for these technicians should be centered around troubleshooting skills with initially less emphasis on the hardware implementation details. These skills could be developed with a genetic trainer     

Sonar Array Detection of Gaussian Signals in Gaussian Noise of Unknown Power

A statistical test is postulated for detecting, with an M-element hydrophone array, a Gaussian signal in spatially independent Gaussian noise of unknown power. The test is an extension of the uniformly-most-powerful (UMP) unbiased test for a two-element array. The output signal-to-noise ratio of the test is calculated and, for a large number of independent space-time samples, is shown to be no better than a mean-level detector (MLD). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for the MLD are computed and compared to the ROC curves for the optimum (Bayes) parametric detector. The input signal-to-noise power ratios required to provide a detection probability of 0.5 differ by less than 0.2 dB for a fifty-element array with wide variation in false-alarm probability and time-bandwidth product. This result suggests that both the extended bivariate UMP unbiased test and the MLD perform close to the unknown UMP unbiased test for independence of a multivariate Gaussian distribution.     

An enhanced least squares residual RAIM algorithm based on optimal decentralized factor

The Least Squares Residual (LSR) algorithm is commonly used in the Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). However, LSR algorithm presents high Missed Detection Risk (MDR) caused by a large-slope faulty satellite and high False Alert Risk (FAR) caused by a small-slope faulty satellite. In this paper, the LSR algorithm is improved to reduce the MDR for a large-slope faulty satellite and the FAR for a small-slope faulty satellite. Based on the analysis of the vertical critical slope, the optimal decentralized factor is defined and the optimal test statistic is conceived, which can minimize the FAR with the premise that the MDR does not exceed its allowable value of all three directions. To construct a new test statistic approximating to the optimal test statistic, the Optimal Decentralized Factor weighted LSR (ODF-LSR) algorithm is proposed. The new test statistic maintains the sum of pseudo-range residual squares, but the specific pseudo-range residual is weighted with a parameter related to the optimal decentralized factor. The new test statistic has the same decentralized parameter with the optimal test statistic when single faulty satellite exists, and the difference between the expectation of the new test statistic and the optimal test statistic is the minimum when no faulty satellite exists. The performance of the ODF-LSR algorithm is demonstrated by simulation experiments.     

A selection and estimation test for multiple target detection

The authors apply a selection and estimation procedure for the detection of multiple targets in clutter. The selection and estimation (SE) test performs better than a fixed order statistic (OS) detector. The SE test has some similarity to a variable trimmed mean (VTM) test and has a slight performance advantage. Unlike the VTM, whose performance is evaluated only by simulation studies, the performance of the SE test, for a Rayleigh fluctuating target model, can be evaluated analytically. Further improvement in the performance is possible if a better selection procedure can be found     

Sustainment of legacy automatic test systems: lessons learned on TPS transportability

Sustainment of legacy automatic test systems (ATS) saves cost through the re-use of software and hardware. The ATS consists of the automatic test equipment (ATE), the test program sets (TPSs), and associated software. The associated software includes the architecture the TPSs run on, known as the control software or test station test executive. In some cases, to sustain the legacy ATS, it is more practical to develop a replacement ATE with the latest instrumentation, often in the form of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software. The existing TPSs, including their hardware and test programs, then need to be transported, or translated, to the new test station. In order to understand how to sustain a legacy ATS by translating TPSs, one must realize the full architecture of the legacy ATS to be replaced. It must be understood that TPS transportability does not only include translating the original TPS from an existing language (such as ATLAS) to a new language (such as "C") to run on a new test station, but includes transporting the run-time environment created by the legacy ATS. This paper examines the similarities and differences of legacy ATE and modern COTS ATE architectures, how the ATS testing philosophy impacts the ease of TPS transportability from legacy ATE to modern-day platforms, and what SEI has done to address the issues that arise out of TPS transportability.     

Development of a TPS reuse library using COTS tools

In the past, functional test requirements (FTR) or test requirement documents (TRD) and test program sets (TPS) were standalone items developed by individual engineers. In some cases, one engineer would write the FTR/TRD and another would develop the TPS. Commercial ATLAS FTRs are prepared in ARINC 616 and 626 ATLAS. Military TRDs are written in IEEE ATLAS 716 versions. Previous test reuse attempts have not been successful because additional software, like browsers, is required to support these efforts. It was difficult to justify writing new software; for example, browsers to manage the application software. Today, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) tools are in place to browse and view information from circuit diagrams to documents to source code. These tools can develop hierarchies to organize the information. These COTS tools are available throughout Boeing on many types of workstations and personal computers on every engineer's desk. This paper discusses how a reusable test library (RTL) is being developed using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) tools, such as Mosaic, to address commercial and military test applications. It describes each of the tools and the process to develop TPSs using the reuse library. It defines the metrics and benefits achieved