基于显著图数据增强的飞行器识别与检测算法

数据增强技术能够有效解决民用航空等领域机器学习模型训练数据严重不足的问题，对于提升智能模型的性能至关重要。为此，针对航空领域飞行器识别和检测的典型应用场景，本文提出基于显著图的数据增强方法，在不同种类的飞行器数据集上分别进行分类和检测试验。试验结果表明，在飞行器目标检测数据集上，利用本文提出的数据增强方法可以提升飞行器目标检测精度。     

电容探测系统在宇航加速度计中的应用

本文描述未来太空飞行器中的加速度计，采用的高灵敏度位置传感器的结构和性能，其机电转换机构的原理是一种电容位置传感结构，它在静电加速度计中探测“质量块”的移动。有一种所谓“面积变化电容器”的系统，在质量块上的反作用力很小，位置传感器分辨率在0－1Hz频带宽度范围内达到十分之几的皮米（10^-12米），用δ-△转换器把位置数字化后反馈给加速度计控制器。     

利用集群内测距和对目标测向的协同定位方法

当多个飞行器间相对位置测量精度显著高于飞行器绝对定位精度时，在飞行器间增加相对测量，对各飞行器的定位测量协同处理，能提高绝对定位精度。本文针对集群飞行器对非合作目标不能测距而仅能测向的情况，通过在集群飞行器间引入相互测距，来提高集群飞行器自身和对非合作目标的定位精度。对于这种不完整相对测量情况，给出了能提高定位精度的协同定位求解方法，包括非线性静态优化估计和线性化后最小二乘估计方法。这种协同定位方案，不需要进行完整的相对位置测量，对测距和测向在群体相对测量中进行合理分解，降低了飞行器测量设备配置的要求。通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

未来的小型机动式GPS靶场测量设备

技术的迅速发展将有可能研制出一种小型的靶场跟踪和遥测系统。这种系统将装在拖车上,能够跟踪3个飞行器并显示其空间位置及遥测数据。     

基于FlightGear的飞行导航数据可视化仿真研究

飞行器的飞行导航数据显示是控制其飞行轨迹不可缺少的一部分,针对飞行导航数据可视化仿真分析的需求,本文讨论了基于FlightGear软件的飞行导航数据可视化的实现方法。首先分析了FlightGear软件的特点及其相关组件的功能;之后,在导航系统工作基本原理的基础上,研究了导航数据三维可视化显示的可行性;最后针对FlightGear软件的特点以及与外部数据的传输方式,设计了导航数据可视化显示方案,实现了对飞行导航数据的三维可视化显示,达到人机交互的效果。     

基于表面压力信息的空间流向涡识别方法

旋涡与表面的相互作用广泛存在于各类飞行器的绕流中，旋涡影响飞行器表面的压力分布，引起其气动特性的改变。而表面压力分布同样反映飞行器绕流中复杂涡系的空间流动特征，结合迎角、侧滑角等来流参数，可以判断飞行器受力状态和运动趋势。以平面点涡和“镜像涡”理论为基础，建立基于表面展向压力分布曲线的空间涡识别方法。根据截面展向压力分布曲线是否存在因主涡诱导下洗气流产生的正压区，定义流向旋涡的近物面流动和远物面流动；根据二次涡相对于主涡的位置，定义压力分布曲线的“近二次涡侧”和“远二次涡侧”。利用展向压力分布曲线“远二次涡侧”的1/4峰值、峰值及其展向位置，识别流向旋涡空间位置特征和强度特征。搭建涡-面相互作用试验平台，比较空间流场测量结果和表面压力信息识别结果，验证该方法有效性。研究结果表明：通过表面压力分布曲线可以辨识流向旋涡的空间位置和强度特征，空间流场测量与基于表面压力信息的旋涡识别结果的关联性分析验证了该方法的有效性。为重构飞行器周围旋涡流动结构，以及实现飞行器气动力的预测奠定了重要的技术基础。     

测量微型飞行器惯性特性的复摆法

讨论了测量微型飞行器转动惯量和惯性积的一种方法。利用改进的复摆法，通过测量复摆在不同摆长和不同相对角度下的摆动周期，推算微型飞机的质心位置、转动惯量、惯性主轴位置和惯性积。文中给出了详细的推导过程和测量机构的原理设计。     

罗克韦尔柯林斯推出ARINC MultiLink飞行跟踪服务

<正>罗克韦尔柯林斯公司近日推出ARINC MultiLinkSM航班跟踪服务解决方案。该方案整合了ADS-C、高频数据链(HFDL)性能数据、ADS-B、美国AircraftSituation Display to Industry雷达数据、EUROCONTROL(欧洲空中航行安全组织)位置信息等多个数据源,能够可靠地报告飞机在全球各地的准确位置。此外,ARINCMultiLink还具     

高超声速一体化飞行器冷流状态气动特性研究

采用数值模拟和风洞实验方法,对高超声速一体化飞行器缩比模型在发动机关闭以及发动机通流状态下的气动特性进行研究。实验中采用彩色纹影系统对缩比模型飞行器的超声速流场进行显示,并通过六分量应力天平测得了全机的升力、阻力和俯仰力矩,数值模拟气动力系数以及流场特征与实验结果吻合较好,同时分析了飞行器保持静稳定状态下的质心选择范围。结果表明进气道开启之后飞行器升力阻力以及抬头力矩显著下降,但此飞行器配平迎角仍较大。该实验结果验证了数值方法的可靠性并为飞行器构型设计提供了参考数据。     

飞行试验数据的相容性检验和数据重建

本文采用飞行器六自由度运动方程组,建立了飞行试验数据相容性检验的数学模型.应用最大似然估计求得测量数据的系统误差并进行数据重建。利用计入测量噪音的六自由度动力学方程组的仿真数据检查了方法的可行性和程序的正确性,最后处理各种飞行器的飞行试验数据,得到了满意的结果.     

Airborne along-track interferometry for GMTI

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Along-Track Interferometry (ATI) has been used extensively to measure ocean surface currents. Given its ability to measure small velocities (˜10 cmls) of relatively radar-dark water surfaces, there is great potential that this technique can be adapted for ground moving target indication (GMTI) applications, particularly as a method for detecting very slow targets with small radar cross-sections. Herein, we describe preliminary results from an ATI GMTI experiment. The SAR data described were collected by the dual-frequency NASAIJPL airborne radar in its standard dual-baseline ATI mode. The radar system imaged a variety of control targets including a pick-up truck, sport utility vehicles, passenger cars, a bicycle, and pedestrians over multiple flight passes. The control targets had horizontal velocities of less than 5 m/s. The cross-sections of the targets were not purposely enhanced, although the targets' refiectivities may have been affected by the existence of the GPS equipment used to record the targets' positions. Single-look and multiple-look interferograms processed to the full azimuth resolution were analyzed. In the data processed to date, all of the targets were observed by visual inspection in at least one of the four combinations of dual-frequency, dual-baseline interferometric data. This extremely promising result demonstrates the potential of ATI for GMTI applications.     

构建靶场安全控制辅助决策系统探讨

日益繁重和复杂的靶场试验对靶场安全控制能力要求不断提高,保护航区周围重要目标的安全成为靶场地面安全控制系统的重要使命.针对这一现实需求提出了安全控制决策自动化问题.在分析影响安全控制决策依据的安全控制信息的基础上,构建基于一体化体系结构的靶场安全控制辅助决策系统,建立专家系统模型;探讨了基于模糊推理的导弹工作状态判定问题的推理规则,设计了安全控制辅助决策系统各模块功能;总结了系统须解决的关键技术问题及实现的技术途径.为靶场安全控制辅助决策系统建设提供了科学依据.     

GMTI along-track interferometry experiment

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) along track interferometry (ATI) has been used extensively to measure ocean surface currents. Given its ability to measure small velocities (/spl sim/ 10 cm/s) of relatively radar-dark water surfaces, there is great potential that this technique can be adapted for ground moving target indication (GMTI) applications, particularly as a method for detecting very slow targets with small radar cross-sections. In this paper we describe preliminary results from an ATI GMTI experiment. The SAR data described herein were collected by the dual-frequency NASA/JPL airborne radar in its standard dual-baseline ATI mode. The radar system imaged a variety of control targets including a pickup truck, sport utility vehicles, passenger cars, a bicycle, and pedestrians over multiple flight passes. The control targets had horizontal velocities of less than 5 m/s. The cross-sections of the targets were not purposely enhanced, although the targets' reflectivities may have been affected by the existence of the GPS equipment used to record the targets' positions. Single-look and multiple-look interferograms processed to the full azimuth resolution were analyzed. In the data processed to date, all of the targets were observed by visual inspection in at least one of the four combinations of dual-frequency, dual-baseline interferometric data. This extremely promising result demonstrates the potential of ATI for GMTI applications.     

空间动态目标间相对距离解算方法的改进

探讨了在地面光学测量条件下,直接解算空间动态目标间相对距离的方法,以避开首先解算两动态目标位置分量的要求,而有效地简化解算过程.在此基础上,对多台光学测量设备交会的观测数据,应用非线性递推估计,提供精确解算动态目标间相对距离量的方法,它不需按常规方法对观测方程进行线性化处理,有利于解算结果精度的提高,也减少了计算量.     

基于SCADE的飞控软件的适航验证与确认

中国民用航空规章第25部对机载软件提出了适航要求,DO178B是对适航要求的符合性方法,但其中一些验证和确认目标并不适用于基于SCADE的软件验证。为此,分析了飞控软件的适航要求和符合性方法,并对基于SCADE的飞控软件的开发流程和传统的开发流程进行了分析对比,对基于SCADE的飞控软件的适航验证与确认工作提出了建议。     

直达与非直达环境中的多目标解耦直接定位方法

针对直达（LOS）与非直达（NLOS）环境中的定位问题,提出了一种波形已知条件下的单阵地多目标直接定位（DPD）算法。该算法针对发射时间已知和未知两种情况,利用多径信号到达角度与时延关于障碍物（或反射体）、观测站与目标位置参数的数学关系,建立了三维目标位置的最大似然（ML）函数,无需估计测量参数,避免了传统两步定位方法所需的非直达径识别与数据关联。为了克服多目标定位中的高维非线性优化问题,该算法利用独立波形信息将多目标定位解耦为对各个目标单独求解。通过对目标函数有效近似,算法在发射时间已知和未知两种情况下均仅需三维网格搜索,比相应的两步定位方法具有更低的计算量。此外,基于多径定位场景,推导了发射时间已知和未知两种情况下的位置估计克拉美罗界（CRB）。仿真结果表明：算法的定位性能能够逼近相应的克拉美罗界,比传统两步定位方法和子空间直接定位算法具有更高的定位精度。     

Radar Tracking of Low-Altitude Targets

The antenna elevation control signal and the associated staticequilibrium equations are analyzed for the case of tracking of lowaltitude targets for both monopulse and conical-scanning radar. Three possible equilibrium positions of the radar antenna under static operating conditions are ascertained. The static solutions suggest certain dynamic solutions that are likely to arise under practical conditions. The extreme values of the pointing error are shown in graphical form.     

无人直升机视觉着陆中的运动状态估计算法

对无人直升机(UH)视觉着陆中基于视觉图像处理的运动状态估计问题进行了研究。介绍了视觉着陆原理,分析了运动估计、特征图像处理与着陆控制间的关系,推导并建立了UH相对着陆平台位姿估计算法、线速度与角速度估计算法。相邻两帧图像对应特征点像点位置为位姿估计算法提供数据,一帧图像特征点像点位置及其对应像点平移速度为线速度与角速度估计算法提供数据。利用UH着陆控制仿真数据模拟UH着陆运动过程中像点位置及其对应平移速度的视觉图像处理结果。仿真验证了运动状态估计算法,结果表明所提出的运动状态估计算法能有效地利用视觉图像处理结果数据估计出UH的位置、姿态、线速度和角速度。     

Multiple target angle tracking using sensor array outputs

The use of the output of an array of sensors to track multiple independently moving targets is reported. The output of each sensor in the array is the sum of signals received from each of the targets. The results of direction-of-arrival estimation by eigenvalue analysis are extended to derive a recursive procedure based on a matrix quadratic equation. The solution of this matrix quadratic equation is used to provide updated target positions. A linear approximation method for estimating the solution of the matrix equation is presented. The algorithm is demonstrated by the simulated tracking of two targets. The main advantage of the algorithm is that a closed-form solution for updating the target angle estimates has been obtained. Also, its application is straightforward, and the data association problem due to uncertainty in the origin of the measurements is avoided. However, it requires the inversion of an N×N as well as other linear operations, so that the computational burden becomes substantial as N becomes very large     

Phased array of large reflectors for deep-space communication

In this paper the problem of uplink array calibration for deep-space communication is considered. A phased array of many modest-size reflectors antennas is used to drastically improve the uplink effective isotropic radiated power of a ground station. A radar calibration procedure for the array phase distribution is presented using a number of in-orbit targets. Design of optimal orbit and the number of calibration targets is investigated for providing frequent calibration opportunities needed for compensating array elements phase center movements as the array tracks a spacecraft. Array far-field focusing based on the near-filed in-orbit (low Earth orbit (LEO)) calibration targets is also presented and array gain degradation analysis based on the position error of the array elements and in-orbit targets has been carried out. It is shown that errors in the in-orbit targets positions significantly degrade the far-field array gain while the errors in array elements positions are not very important. Analysis of phase errors caused by thermal noise, system instability, and atmospheric effects show insignificant array gain degradation by these factors