Safety estimation of structural systems via interval analysis

Considering that the uncertain information has serious influences on the safety of structural systems and is always limited, it is reasonable that the uncertainties are generally described as interval sets. Based on the non-probabilistic set-theoretic theory, which is applied to measuring the safety of structural components and further combined with the branch-and-bound method for the probabilistic reliability analysis of structural systems, the non-probabilistic branch-and-bound method for determining the dominant failure modes of an uncertain structural system is given. Meanwhile, a new system safety measuring index obtained by the non-probabilistic set-theoretic model is investigated. Moreover, the compatibility between the classical probabilistic model as well as the proposed interval-set model will be discussed to verify the physical meaning of the safety measure in this paper. Some numerical examples are utilized to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the developed method.     

Research on failure criterion of composite based on unified macro- and micro-mechanical model

A new unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method for composite structures was developed in order to take the effects of composite micro structure into consideration. In this method, the macro stress distribution of composite structure was calculated by commercial finite element analysis software. According to the macro stress distribution, the damage point was searched and the micro-stress distribution was calculated by reformulated finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM), which was a multi-scale finite element method for composite. The micro structure failure modes were estimated with the failure strength of constituents. A unidirectional composite plate with a circular hole in the center under two kinds of loads was analyzed with the traditional macro-mechanical failure analysis method and the unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method. The results obtained by the two methods are consistent, which show this new method’s accuracy and efficiency.     

A novel method for importance measure analysis in the presence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties

For structural systems with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, research on quantifying the contribution of the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties to the failure probability of the systems is conducted. Based on the method of separating epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in a variable, the core idea of the research is firstly to establish a novel deterministic transition model for auxiliary variables, distribution parameters, random variables, failure probability, then to propose the improved importance sampling(IS) to solve the transition model. Furthermore,the distribution parameters and auxiliary variables are sampled simultaneously and independently;therefore, the inefficient sampling procedure with an ‘‘inner-loop' for epistemic uncertainty and an‘‘outer-loop' for aleatory uncertainty in traditional methods is avoided. Since the proposed method combines the fast convergence of the proper estimates and searches failure samples in the interesting regions with high efficiency, the proposed method is more efficient than traditional methods for the variance-based failure probability sensitivity measures in the presence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. Two numerical examples and one engineering example are introduced for demonstrating the efficiency and precision of the proposed method for structural systems with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties.     

渐变结构系统模糊可靠性灵敏度分析的矩方法(英文)

For a degradable structural system with fuzzy failure region, a moment method based on fuzzy reliability sensitivity algorithm is presented. According to the value assignment of performance function, the integral region for calculating the fuzzy failure probability is first split into a series of subregions in which the membership function values of the performance function within the fuzzy failure region can be approximated by a set of constants. The fuzzy failure probability is then transformed into a sum of products of the random failure probabilities and the approximate constants of the membership function in the subregions. Furthermore, the fuzzy reliability sensitivity analysis is transformed into a series of random reliability sensitivity analysis, and the random reliability sensitivity can be obtained by the constructed moment method. The primary advantages of the presented method include higher efficiency for implicit performance function with low and medium dimensionality and wide applicability to multiple failure modes and nonnormal basic random variables. The limitation is that the required computation effort grows exponentially with the increase of dimensionality of the basic random vari- able; hence, it is not suitable for high dimensionality problem. Compared with the available methods, the presented one is pretty competitive in the case that the dimensionality is lower than 10. The presented examples are used to verify the advantages and indicate the limitations.     

AEROELASTIC TAILORING OF AERONAUTICAL COMPOSITE WING STRUCTURES

This paper deals with the aeroelastic tailoring of aeronautical composite wing surfaces. The objective function is structural weight. Multi constraints, such as displacements, flutter speed and gauge requirements, are taken into consideration. Finite element method is used to the static analysis. Natural vibration modes are obtained by the spectral transformation Lanczos method. Subsonic doublet lattice method is used to obtain the unsteady aerodynamics.The critical flutter speed is generated by V-g method.The optimal problem is solved by the feasible direction method.The thickness of the composite wing skin is simulated by bicubic polynomials, whose coefficients combined with the cross-sectional areas or thicknesses of other finite elements are the design variables. The scale of the problem is reduced by variable linkage. Derivative analysis is performed analytically.Two composite wing boxes and a swept-back composite wing are optimized at the end of the paper.     

Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

A new stress-based multi-scale failure criterion of composites and its validation in open hole tension tests

A new stress-based multi-scale failure criterion is proposed based on a series of off-axis tension tests, and their corresponding fiber failure modes and matrix failure modes are determined at the microscopic level. It is a physical mechanism based, three-dimensional damage analysis criterion which takes into consideration the constituent properties on the macroscopic failure behavior of the composite laminates. A complete set of stress transformation, damage determination and evolution methods are established to realize the application of the multi-scale method in failure analysis. Open-hole tension（OHT） specimens of three material systems（CCF300/5228, CCF300/5428 and T700/5428） are tested according to ASTM standard D5766, and good agreements are found between the experimental results and the numerical predictions. It is found that fiber strength is a key factor influencing the ultimate strength of the laminates, while matrix failure alleviates the stress concentration around the hole. Different matchings of fiber and matrix result in different failure modes as well as ultimate strengths.     

Multi-scale strength analysis of bolted connections used in integral thermal protection system

Efficient and accurate strength analysis of bolted connections is essential in analyzing the integral thermal protection system(ITPS) of hypersonic vehicles, since the system bears severe loads and structural failures usually occur at the connections. Investigations of composite mechanical properties used in ITPS are still in progress as the architecture of the composites is complex. A new method is proposed in this paper for strength analysis of bolted connections by investigating the elastic behavior and failure strength of three-dimensional C/C orthogonal composites used in ITPS. In this method a multi-scale finite element method incorporating the global–local method is established to ensure high efficiency in macro-scale and precision in meso-scale in analysis.Simulation results reveal that predictions of material properties show reasonable accuracy compared with test results. And the multi-scale method can analyze the strength of connections efficiently and accurately.     

Compressive failure analysis of unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite based on micro-mechanical models

A 2D micro-mechanical model was proposed to study the compressive failure of Uni Directional(UD) carbon/epoxy composite. Considering the initial imperfection and strength distribution of the fiber, the plasticity and ductile damage of the matrix, the failure of T300/914 UD composite under longitudinal compression and in-plane combined loads was simulated by this model. Simulation results show that the longitudinal compressive failure of the UD composite is caused by the plastic yielding of the matrix in kink band, and the fiber initial imperfection is the main reason for it. Under in-plane combined loads, the stress state of the matrix in kink band is changed, which affects the longitudinal compressive failure modes and strength of UD composite.The failure envelope of r_1–s_(12) and r_1–r_2 are obtained by the micro-mechanical model. Meanwhile,the compressive failure mechanism of the UD composite is analyzed. Numerical results agree well with the experimental data, which verifies the validity of the micro-mechanical model.     

Numerical simulation and transonic wind-tunnel test for elastic thin-shell structure considering fluid–structure interaction

Aerodynamic force can lead to the strong structural vibration of flying aircraft at a high speed. This harmful vibration can bring damage or failure to the electronic equipment fixed in aircraft. It is necessary to predict the structural dynamic response in the design course. This paper presents a new numerical algorithm and scheme to solve the structural dynamics responses when considering fluid–structure interaction(FSI). Numerical simulation for a free-flying structural model in transonic speed is completed. Results show that the small elastic deformation of the structure can greatly affect the FSI. The FSI vibration tests are carried out in a transonic speed windtunnel for checking numerical theory and algorithms, and the wind-tunnel test results well accord with that of the numerical simulation. This indicates that the presented numerical method can be applied to predicting the structural dynamics responses when containing the FSI.     

纤维缠绕复合材料结构可靠性评估方法及其应用

为了更加科学有效地评估纤维缠绕复合材料结构的可靠性,根据复合材料渐进失效特点,应用结构系统可靠性理论和方法,将复合材料视为连续体的结构系统,基于复合材料有限元模型对"单元"和"系统"进行了定义,构建了概率渐进失效分析的基本流程,提出了主要失效序列和结构整体的失效概率的精确解算式和近似计算方法.为解决复杂结构系统主要失效...     

复合材料泡沫夹芯板胶接修理的压缩性能

针对复合材料泡沫夹芯结构在维修结构性能研究方面的缺失,在完成了复合材料泡沫夹芯板的维修与压缩性能测试之后,建立了结构有限元分析模型,结合夹芯结构的稳定性理论解析模型,并对复合材料泡沫夹芯结构的胶接修理压缩性能进行验证。结果表明:通过试验结果简化了有限元分析模型中的胶层设置;应用复合材料夹芯结构的稳定性理论解析模型,能够快速获得复合材料夹芯维修结构的侧压极限载荷上限值;复合材料泡沫夹芯修理结构的主要侧压破坏模式为面板一阶与二阶屈曲失效,该结果说明复合材料泡沫夹芯修补结构的有限元模型与解析稳定性理论模型的计算精度较高,具有较强的工程实用性。     

复合材料翼面结构气动弹性剪裁

 <正> 1.引言 本文采用了混合设计变量。对复材蒙皮,由于其连续性,我们用双三次多项式来描述各定向铺层的厚度,将多项式系数做为设计变量,对于其他部件如肋、腹板等,我们仍用其有限单元的截面积或厚度做为设计变量。整个结构采用有限元法做结构分析。固有振型采用高效率的谱变换Lanczos法计算,非定常气动力用亚音速偶极子格网法计算,用可行方向法求解优化问题。     

航空复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲力学性能

航空复合材料加筋板由于具有良好的力学性能,广泛地应用于航空结构中。本工作研究了航空复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲力学性能,首先应用工程方法对复合材料加筋板进行压缩稳定性计算,得到加筋板的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷的预估值;其次,开展复合材料加筋板压缩稳定性实验,得到实验件的屈曲及破坏形式、实验件的载荷-应变及载荷-位移关系和实验件的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷。结果表明:采用工程方法得到的计算结果与实验结果较为吻合,屈曲载荷和破坏载荷的误差分别为6.12%和9.31%,合理应用工程方法可以为实验提供较好的指导;加筋板的破坏形式为壁板的分层、鼓包和撕裂、筋条的断裂以及筋条-壁板的脱粘;屈曲比为1.65的复合材料加筋板具有较强的后屈曲承载能力;工程中可充分应用加筋板的后屈曲承载能力提高结构的利用效率。     

复合材料层压板结构几种常见制造偏离及其处理

复合材料结构在零件制造及装配过程中难以避免偏离的发生,工程设计人员需要对偏离情形进行可靠而又快速的处理。列出了层压板结构常见的制造偏离类型,重点介绍了分层、孔隙率和铺层褶皱、凹陷、制孔缺陷等偏离情形、偏离原因及工程处理方法。     

复合材料机身帽型长桁加筋壁板压缩屈曲及失效特性研究

大型客机机身壁板材料现已广泛采用碳纤维复合材料,研究壁板的屈曲及失效特性对提高结构设计效率具有重要的意义。采用工程分析、有限元分析和试验三种方法研究压缩载荷下复合材料机身帽型加筋壁板的屈曲载荷、失效载荷和失效模式;通过工程方法和有限元方法研究压缩载荷下壁板的屈曲形式和载荷,采用 Von Karman 法修正的柱失稳方法研究壁板在压缩载荷下的承载能力;依靠先进的机身壁板多轴载荷试验系统完成 3 m×2 m 机身壁板的压缩载荷试验、压缩充压复合载荷试验,验证并完善工程和有限元分析方法。结果表明：屈曲分析时需要对工程分析和有限元方法进行修正,失效分析时采用修正的柱失稳方法的分析结果比试验结果略保守。     

复合材料无矩叠层板铺层优化设计——按静力破坏条件

 飞机翼面结构受力盒段的上下壁板若采用纤维增强复合材料叠层板则经常可简化为无矩叠层板;本文介绍这种叠层板按静力破坏条件的一种铺层优化设计方法。本法所用的数学工具为拉格朗日乘子法,采用的静力破坏条件为Hill-Tsai判据或Norris判据。对于铺层优化设计要用的公式进行了推导并且为了便于应用电子计算机对所得的公式进行了相应的改造。 关于叠层板极限强度的确定,文中也作了较仔细的探讨。为了具体说明本法的解题步骤以及如何选出铺层设计的优化方案举出了一个数例。文章的最后对几个技术问题进行了简要的讨论。 在结构打样设计阶段,对于翼面结构中处于拉伸或压缩受载（在不发生屈曲失稳破坏的条件下）情况下的复合材料壁板,本法可作为其铺层优化设计的一种工程方法。     

结构系统疲劳寿命可靠性分析理论与算法

以满足自相容条件的概率型线性累积损伤理论为依据,在阶段临界强度分枝-约界法的基础上,提出了给定外载和使用寿命条件下计算结构系统疲劳寿命可靠度的全局疲劳寿命分枝-约界法。采用此方法可严格确保在一级和多级搜索纵深的条件下不遗漏结构系统的主要失效模式。