英语专业口语课程强化形成性评价的实践

英语专业学生口语基本功差成为了业内不争的事实.论文从形成性评价的理论切入,结合英语口语教学实践,讨论了强化形成性评价,完善口语教学评价体系的具体措施及效果,并得出结论:把形成性评价与终结性评价相结合,尤其要强化形成性评价,能促进学生口语能力的有效提高.     

公外学生英语口语训练的探讨

该文针对公外学生的英语口语能力较为薄弱这一现象，提出在公外学生的英语口语训练中不容忽视的几个问题。     

任务型教学法在商务英语口语教学中的应用

通过在商务英语口语教学中运用任务型教学法,使学生在商务英语口语课堂上能够灵活地运用所学商务知识,激发学生对商务英语口语学习的积极性,提高学生的商务知识应用能力和商务英语交际能力。     

高职高专大学英语口语教学模式探索与实践

探索适应高职高专大学英语口语教学的模式不仅是《高职高专大学英语大纲》的要求,也是推动高职高专英语口语教学改革的关键。论文以培养学生的职业能力、实现学生的可持续就业能力为目标,提出了大学英语口语教学模式及在教学中的具体实施策略。     

任务型教学法在商务英语口语教学中的应用

通过在商务英语口语教学中运用任务型教学法,使学生在商务英语口语课堂上能够灵活地运用所学商务知识,激发学生对商务英语口语学习的积极性,提高学生的商务知识应用能力和商务英语交际能力.     

第四代评价理论视野下的学生学习绩效评价初探

学生的学习绩效评价是学校教育评价的重要组成部分,开展学习绩效的评价对学生和教师的发展都有一定的积极作用。论文试图以第四代评价理论为指导,结合学习绩效评价的重要作用,初步分析了第四代评价理论的理论指导价值,并提出了开展学生学习绩效评价的一些建议。     

用健康卡进行大学生体育学习评价的尝试

体育教学课程的改革必将带来学生体育学习评价的改革，传统的学习评价主要是采用竞技体育规则考核一般大学生，以学生技术掌握情况以及运动负荷大小为准则。这样的标准己经偏离了高校体育教育的目的，不能客观的反映学生的综合学习情况。体育与健康没有具体的评价内容和方法，已经不能够评价体育课程改革后的课了，必须要有一套新的评价方法来对大学生体育学习进行评价。文章结合体育健康卡使用情况的尝试，探讨了高校体育教学新的评价方法，提出了大学生体育学习评价的新思路和方法。     

大学生英语口语中使用话语联系语的错误浅析

话语联系语是英语语篇中实现衔接和语义上的连贯的一种主要手段，然而，其使用尤其是在英语口语中的使用却经常发生错误。论文从语篇衔接的角度结合实际口语语料对中国大学生在英语口语中使用话语联系语的错误进行了分析并发现，中国大学生在英语口语中使用话语联系语的错误主要表现为过度使用话语联系语从而导致语法错误或造成语篇逻辑不连贯。文章于口语实例分析中进一步探讨了造成这些错误的原因，最后简要说明了大学英语口语教学实践中如何减少话语联系语的错误使用，提高大学生对英语口语语篇连贯性的处理能力。     

浅谈大学英语口语教学现状及策略

随着全球化进程的推进,英语的国际语言性作用日显突出,实施大学英语口语教学改革极其必要,但是在英语口语教学仍然存在一些问题。鉴于此,本文拟就作者自己在大学英语口语教学中发现的问题进行分析,并提出解决的策略。     

培养学生英语口语交际能力的策略探讨

文章就大学生英语口语交际能力存在的问题进行了分析,探讨如何提高英语口语交际能力的策略。     

Developments in space activities in Poland

Poland has a long-standing tradition in space activities. Polish institutions have participated as co-investigators in almost all European Space Agency (ESA) science projects, as well as on many other missions. However, the first Polish satellite (PW-SAT) was only launched in 2012. Poland was one of the first Eastern European countries to conclude a Cooperation Agreement with ESA in the peaceful use of outer space; it was signed in 1994 and followed by a second in January 2002. Negotiations on Polish membership in the ESA were started in autumn of 2011, and ended in April 2012. Following ratification of the agreement, Poland officially became the 20th Member State of ESA on 19 November 2012. This article examines how Poland is setting its way as a space nation. It describes recent developments in the Polish space programme, including the road to Poland's full membership in the European Space Agency.     

“战术战斧”2003年将装备美军

战斧，是一个耳熟能详的名字，９０年代以来的几场局部战争使其名声大振。自１９９１年以来，美国海军平均每年要消耗１００枚战斧导弹。从海湾战争到科索沃，近千枚战斧从一艘艘美国战舰和潜艇上发射，使得战斧成为美国强权政治的急先锋，也成为对别国实施远距离精确打击的中坚力量。 但近几场局部战争同时也提出了要发展一种造价便宜、全天候作战、精确打击以及可对加固目标进行打击的新型战斧的要求。在这种背景下，战术战斧（ＴａｃＴｏｍ）应运而生。北约空袭南联盟后，美国海军根据战斧巡航导弹的作战使用，开始重新评估未来战斧巡航…     

实施雷达管制的体会

2005年12月22日，我国在北京-西安-成都-昆明以东的广大空中交通管制区实施了雷达管制，这使得空中交通管制工作进入了新的时代，贵阳区域管制室也开始了划时代的雷达管制工作。实施之后，随着雷达管制工作的深入运行，一些在实施前未考虑到的问题相继暴露出来。在经过前期强化雷达管制模拟机培训后大部分管制员在实际运行过程中仍感到有不理解的问题，涉及到标准通话用语、雷达管制间隔、雷达管制和程序管制之间的间隔、雷达盲区、目视飞行与仪表飞行之间等。尤其是对间隔的掌握和通话术语的理解上存在着偏差，部分管制员在机组不作位置报时缺乏主动管制的意识，感觉到指令发的不流畅。为什么在作了大量的前期雷达管制理论准备工作和雷达管制模拟机培训后，在实际运行中还会有这样的问题，这是因为：一、雷达基本理论不是万能的。不可能解释所有问题、解决运行中的所有矛盾。     

我国空域管理相关问题初探

随着我国国民经济的迅速发展和改革开放的不断深入，航空领域呈现出前所未有的发展形势，民用航空运输以每年平均10％的速度增长，通用航空的需求与日俱增，军事飞行频繁，对空域资源需求越来越大，空域管理面临的新问题日益突出。本文就我国空域资源相关问题，即如何最大限度地发挥空域资源优势，为不同空域用户提供可靠的空中交通管制服务等问题进行探讨。     

航天科技集团高科技含量展品成为珠海航展亮点

拥有“神舟”、“神箭”等著名宇航品牌，曾经创造了无数辉煌业绩的航天科技集团公司．在第五届珠海航展上又给观众带来了惊喜：除了新一代运载火箭等许多在研产品模型闪亮登场外．神舟5号飞船返回舱精彩亮相，嫦娥1号卫星、环境1号C卫星等产品模型也一同展出。这些科技含量极高的产品虽然用途不同．但细心的观众不难从中看出“可持续发展”的影子，注重环境、保护生态、高效节能已成为航天科技发展的新主题。     

Individual Differences in Object Localization in Virtual Environments

The present research examined the effects of disorientation on human ability to locate objects in space in a virtual environment (VE). Participants were asked to memorize the location of virtual objects, and then they were asked to indicate where the objects were located while they were inside a virtual chamber. This procedure was repeated in both eyesclosed and disoriented conditions. Subject pointing responses were used to measure memory for the relative location of objects in virtual space. This method was extended from previous research in a real-world setting. The results showed systematic individual differences in the effects of disorientation on the ability to locate objects in space. Further, the use of strategies played a role in object localization ability, but strategy use was affected by the individual differences in spatial representations used by subjects.     

影响高校德育工作的几个消极因素

本文市场经济、社会消极现象、应试教育、高等教育及德育教育自身缺陷等方面对高校德育工作的消极影响加以分析，立足现实，提出问题，与高等教育工作者，德育工作者共同探讨，以求改进完善高校德育工作。作者坚信，真正找到了问题所在，也就找到了解决问题的切入点。     

2006年世界著名宇航公司竞争卫星发射市场

世界各大宇航公司在激烈的竞争中度过了2006年。新年伊始,让我们回过头来看看这些公司在2006年卫星发射市场上的竞争情况。     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

Entrapment of bacteria in fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite

Cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were genetically modified to produce green fluorescent protein, were entrapped in fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite. The bacteria were used to inoculate NaCl-saturated aqueous solutions, which were allowed to evaporate and precipitate halite. The number, size, and distribution of fluid inclusions were highly variable, but did not appear to be affected by the presence of the bacteria. Many of the inclusions in crystals from inoculated solutions contained cells in populations ranging from two to 20. Microbial attachment to crystal surfaces was neither evident nor necessary for entrapment. Cells occurred exclusively within fluid inclusions and were not present in the crystal matrix. In both the inclusions and the hypersaline solution, the cells fluoresced and twitched, which indicates that the bacteria might have remained viable after entrapment. The fluorescence continued up to 13 months after entrapment, which indicates that little degradation of the bacteria occurred over that time interval. The entrapment, fluorescence, and preservation of cells were independent of the volume of hypersaline solution used or whether the solutions were completely evaporated prior to crystal extraction. The results of this study have a wide range of implications for the long-term survival of microorganisms in fluid inclusions and their detection through petrography. The results also demonstrate the preservation potential for microbes in hypersaline fluid inclusions, which could allow cells to survive harsh conditions of space, the deep geologic past, or burial in sedimentary basins.