激光泵浦铯-氦磁强计的噪声抑制

介绍了一种利用单模激光进行泵浦的铯-氦磁强计。由于单模激光比铯元素放电灯具有更高的泵浦效率，这种铯-氦磁强计得到了比传统的放电灯铯-氦磁强计更强的磁共振信号。通过测量各试验因素中引入的磁噪声，发现激光的光功率涨落是目前磁噪声的主要来源；通过分析信噪比与光强的关系，得到了最优化的光强；通过主动光强降噪技术，在最佳试验条件下，铯-氦磁强计的噪声峰峰值可以优于0.02 nT。结果表明，通过提升激光功率的稳定性，激光泵浦式的铯-氦磁强计非常有潜力得到比质子磁强计更高的准确度，可作为恒定弱磁场计量标准的新一代主标准器。     

基于铁基纳米晶带巨磁阻抗效应的磁强计设计

基于巨磁阻抗效应(GMI)的磁强计是近年来磁强计研究领域的热点. 相比其他类型磁强计, GMI磁强计具有微型化、高灵敏度、快速响应、高温度 稳定性和低功耗的优点. 本文以铁基纳米晶带材为敏感材料, 设计并实现了GMI 磁强计传感器与后续信号处理电路, 组成一台GMI磁强计. 实验结果表明, 该磁 强计在-25000~25000nT量程内灵敏度为0.176mV·nT-1, 满足实际弱磁场测量要求, 并且具有体积小及功耗低的特点, 有望应用于空间 探测等磁测量领域.      

磁通门磁强计校准装置研究

本文介绍了磁通门磁强计校准装置的系统组成，包括大开口大均匀区的三轴磁场线圈、磁场线圈非均匀性的补偿方法、三轴磁场线圈非正交性补偿方法、串并联组合磁场线圈分流电路等，分析了校准装置的测量不确定度主要来源，给出了验证结果。该装置可开展磁通门磁强计（含传感器）示值误差、线性度、正交度等参数的校准，其成果已应用于十多家单位的磁场测试系统和数十家单位的磁通门磁强计校准。     

地磁测量卫星的矢量磁场在轨标定算法仿真

以SWARM为代表的高精度地磁测量卫星对地球磁场探测精度经过标定之后优于0.5 nT,对于开展地磁科学研究具有重要意义。地磁测量卫星通过安装在伸展杆上的矢量磁通门磁强计、标量磁强计和高精度星敏感器,获取测量方向的惯性空间姿态的地磁信息,其中高精度标量磁强计主要用于对磁通门矢量磁强计进行标定。针对地磁测量卫星,研究了矢量磁强计在轨测量误差的校正方法。考虑到矢量磁强计非正交角、标度因子以及偏差的影响,建立磁场矢量线性输出模型;结合标量磁强计的测量值分别设计基于小量近似的线性校正算法和基于参数辨识更新的非线性校正算法;校验两种算法的标定精度,并通过Tukey权重函数改善算法的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,两种算法校正结果相似,磁场三轴误差可校正至0.5 nT以内,在标量磁强计存在异常值时仍具有较好的校正效果。      

用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统设计

针对铯光泵磁强计对原子气室温度高稳定性及无磁干扰的要求，设计了一种用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统。该系统主要包括无磁加热器件与无磁恒温控制电路。无磁加热器件采用微机电系统工艺的双层对称四线结构，可有效抑制电流产生的磁场；无磁恒温控制电路通过交流加热进一步减小恒定磁场干扰，以现场可编程门阵列为核心，使用直接数字式频率合成技术产生高频加热信号，再经功率放大进行无磁恒温控制，减少硬件电路资源。测试结果表明，气室恒温控制的温度噪声峰峰值可达到0.02 ℃，满足光泵磁强计的性能要求。     

基于绝对磁场测量的磁通门磁强计在轨标定方法

卫星在轨进行磁场测绘及监测时,需要高精度的磁场值,但由于磁通门磁强计三轴非正交性以及零点漂移所引起的误差大大降低了磁强计的测量精度,因而有必要对此进行校正.本文利用绝对标量磁强计,采用一种改进的最小二乘标定算法,通过不断迭代实现对磁通门三轴正交性和零点漂移的修正.结果表明,在考虑了磁强计本身噪声水平的实际情况下,磁通门磁强计的误差可由100nT左右修正到0.2nT以内.该算法为卫星在轨高精度磁场测量提供了一种可行的方法.      

基于磁强计的卫星姿态确定地面试验

阐述基于磁强计进行卫星姿态确定的原理,以某卫星的遥测数据为基础,进行姿态确定的地面试验,试验结果表明该方案可以达到较高的姿态确定精度,具有很强的实用性.     

磁通门磁强计校准装置研究

本文介绍了磁通门磁强计校准装置的系统组成,包括大开口大均匀区的三轴磁场线圈、磁场线圈非均匀性的补偿方法、三轴磁场线圈非正交性补偿方法、串并联组合磁场线圈分流电路等,分析了校准装置的测量不确定度主要来源,给出了验证结果。该装置可开展磁通门磁强计(含传感器)示值误差、线性度、正交度等参数的校准,其成果已应用于十多家单位的磁场测试系统和数十家单位的磁通门磁强计校准。     

霍尔磁强计温度特性校准装置的研究

本文从霍尔元件的基本物理性能出发分析霍尔磁强计的哪些参数与温度有关，确定温度系数和零点温漂是影响霍尔磁强计特定温度下准确度的关键性参数，根据其工作原理开展了校准装置和校准方法的研究，本文阐述了这两套装置的工作原理和组成，并通过试验验证装置的测量能力。     

基于Sigma-Delta调制技术的高精度数字磁通门磁强计仿真

设计了一种基于1 bit Sigma-Delta环路调制技术的高精度数字磁通门磁强计,建立了数字磁强计信号处理仿真模型,并利用Matlab的Simulink仿真工具开展了数字磁通门磁强计模型的仿真分析,对数字磁强计系统的噪声、线性度、响应速度和频率响应进行了仿真计算.利用本文1 bit Sigma-Delta环路调制技...     

消光比参数的溯源方法

对通信信号分析仪的光口消光比参数进行溯源研究,提出了将光口消光比参数溯源到示波器电压参数上的方法并进行了实验验证。首先搭建了消光比稳定的数字信号发射机作为被测源。其次采用带宽足够的光电探测器XPDV2150R(DC-50GHz 1550nm)将光信号转变到电信号,来消除频响对测量结果的影响,并通过实验验证了光电探测器带宽和接收机带宽对测量结果的影响。最后通过垂直幅度可溯源的电示波器对电信号进行消光比测量。将测量结果和通过通信信号分析仪光口眼图功能测得的结果进行比对,验证两者的一致性,最终实现将消光比参数溯源到电压参数上。     

基于Matlab的三轴感应式磁力仪数据预处理软件系统设计

感应式磁力仪是用于0.01~20kHz空间交流磁场探测的载荷，其传感器由三轴正交的探头组成.由于卫星平台及载荷的独特性和多样性，目前没有通用的地面测试软件.为在发射前对载荷进行全面测试，设计了基于Matlab的数据预处理软件系统，集成波形、幅度和相位多种显示界面，并针对感应式磁力仪信号频带宽、三轴正交等特点研发了多分辨率快速傅里叶变换、滑动平均滤波、相位差计算等数据处理功能.经多阶段实验验证，软件满足对载荷全方位检测及验证要求.      

Using TensorFlow-based Neural Network to estimate GNSS single frequency ionospheric delay (IONONet)

In the last 20?years, and in particular in the last decade, the availability of propagation data for GNSS has increased substantially. In this sense, the ionosphere has been sounded with a large number of receivers that provide an enormous amount of ionospheric data. Moreover, the maturity of the models has also been increased in the same period of time. As an example, IGS has ionospheric maps from GNSS data back to 1998, which would allow for the correlation of these data with other quantities relevant for the user and space weather (such as Solar Flux and Kp). These large datasets would account for almost half a billion points to be analyzed. With the advent and explosion of Big Data algorithms to analyze large databases and find correlations with different kinds of data, and the availability of open source code libraries (for example, the TensorFlow libraries from Google that are used in this paper), the possibility of merging these two worlds has been widely opened. In this paper, a proof of concept for a single frequency correction algorithm based in GNSS GIM vTEC and Fully Connected Neural Networks is provided. Different Neural Network architectures have been tested, including shallow (one hidden layer) and deep (up to five hidden layers) Neural Network models. The error in training data of such models ranges from 50% to 1% depending on the architecture used. Moreover, it is shown that by adjusting a Neural Network with data from 2005 to 2009 but tested with data from 2016 to 2017, Neural Network models could be suitable for the forecast of vTEC for single frequency users. The results indicate that this kind of model can be used in combination with the Galileo Signal-in-Space (SiS) NeQuick G parameters. This combination provides a broadcast model with equivalent performances to NeQuick G and better than GPS ICA for the years 2016 and 2017, showing a 3D position Root Mean Squared (RMS) error of approximately 2?m.     

Forecasting magnetopause crossing locations by using Neural Networks

Given the highly complex and nonlinear nature of Near Earth Space processes, mathematical modeling of these processes is usually difficult or impossible. In such cases, modeling methods involving Artificial Intelligence may be employed. We demonstrate that data driven models, such as the Neural Network based approach, shows promise in its ability to forecast or predict the behavior of these processes. In this paper, modeling studies for forecasting magnetopause crossing locations are summarized and a Neural Network algorithm is presented to describe the nonlinear time-dependent response of the subsolar region of the magnetopause to varying solar wind conditions. In our approach the past history of the solar wind has, for the first time to the best knowledge of the authors, been included in forecasting the subsolar region of the magnetopause. It is proposed that the data driven approach is a valid approach to understanding and modeling the physical phenomena of Near Earth Space. The only basic requirement for the data driven approach is the availability of representative data for the phenomena. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that by using WIND and GEOTAIL satellite data a Neural Network based model can be adapted to the modeling of the Earth’s magnetopause.     

一种基于两级EKF的9D-MIMU/GPS微型无人机组合导航系统的鲁棒性设计

本文提出了一种基于两级EKF的9D-MIMU/GPS微型无人机组合导航系统的鲁棒性设计,针对磁强计在低成本微型无人机上应用时容易受到外界干扰,并影响导航系统其它状态量的准确估计的问题,解决了磁强计本身的制造误差、外界硬铁误差、软铁误差以及磁倾角等对导航系统的影响。实验表明,本文的设计能够有效校正磁强计原始测量数据中所包含的误差,并达到与商业导航模块相近的导航状态估计精度。     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.     

消除CMOS管内部噪声的方法

介绍了一种通过改进电路结构来消除CMOS管内部的噪声，最终达到降低总输出噪声的技术。首先从理论上证明了这种技术的原理，然后把这种技术应用到具体的低噪声放大器电路中，通过PSPICE软件模拟仿真，比较和分析了采用这种技术前后LNA电路的总输出噪声、输出信噪比和电压增益。     

交直流转换电路的电路参数误差分析

为了达到更好的交直流转换效果,针对整流输出准确度影响较大的三种元器件(运算放大器、电阻以及二极管),分别进行电路误差分析,将输出结果与理想状态下全波精密整流电路的输出进行比较,总结精密整流电路减小误差的方法,为全波整流电路设计中提高交直流转换准确度提供参考.经电路测试验证,对电压有效值(0.4～4)V,频率(1～50)...     

H.264中多参考帧快速运动估计算法

针对H.264的运动估计计算量太大的问题,通过研究并验证视频多帧参考时的运动连续性,提出了一种基于有效区域的快速运动估计算法(VRF,Valid-Region-based Fast Motion Estimation). 该算法在第一个参考帧中用三步搜索(3SS,3-Step Search)快速估计整像素精度运动矢量, 并以此定义一个有效区域, 参考其它帧时, 在该有效区域内作改进的3SS估计; 然后选择最佳参考帧; 最后在所选择的最佳参考帧的有效区域内作全搜索和相应的分数像素精度估计. 实验证明, 和H.264全搜索相比, 本算法的运动估计搜索点数降低了82%以上, 而恢复质量(用峰值信噪比(PSNR,Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)表征)平均只下降0.24 dB,且码速率只增加8.81%; 和另一个经典的帧选择快速算法相比, 本算法的搜索点数降低了39%,且码速率平均下降了5.17%, 而恢复质量只下降0.08 dB.      

Is the phenology-based algorithm for mapping deciduous rubber plantations applicable in an emerging region of northern Laos?

Updated information of rubber plantations is essential for assessing socioeconomic and environmental impacts, especially in the emerging region of northern tropics. Here, a phenological method was modified to detect rubber plantations using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery in Phongsaly Province of northern Laos, where it begun a rubber boom in the mid-2000s due to geo-economic cooperation. It highlighted the landscape and pixel differences of deciduous rubber plantations in the tri-temporal phases (i.e., pre-defoliation, defoliation, and foliation) during the dry season due to phenological changes. Six commonly used vegetation indices (VIs), including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Water Index (LSWI), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR and NBR2) derived from OLI imagery during 2013–2016 were compared to determine the most suitable VI for discriminating the phenological differences of rubber plantations from natural forests. Then, the Differences of Normalized Burn Ratio (DNBR) was applied to generate the 30 m map of rubber plantations in 2016, by combining two masks of Landsat-derived forest and suitable elevation for rubber trees cultivation. The resultant map of rubber plantations had a classification accuracy of 93.7% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.848. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of the Landsat-derived tri-temporal phenological DNBR approach in an emerging region of northern Laos, despite requiring more scenes compared with single- and double temporal window methods.