紧致格式数值模拟超音速粘性绕流问题

通过数值求解可压Navier-Stokes方程的方法计算了球锥粘性绕流问题。方程中粘性项按通常办法逼近,为改善收敛速度利用了文[1,2]中之算子附加修正方法。方程中之流向导数利用了四阶精度的紧致差分。这是由于该方向上流动参量光滑和边界条件易于处理的缘故。在法向方向上利用了中心差分。对差分方程之隐式部分利用了近似因式分解法。由于选用了文[3]中之特殊Jacobiall系数矩阵分裂法而使计算工作量大为减少。用这种方法计算了超音速粘性绕流问题。计算结果与实验结果相符很好。     

基于提升方案的无损图像压缩系统的DSP实现

以 TMS320C6711DSK 为开发平台,研究了提升小波应用于无损图像压缩系统的 DSP 实现过程。为了满足系统的实时要求,对系统方案进行了合理选择,并对系统算法进行了改进,然后采用多种优化手段对程序进行了优化,实验结果证明了该方案的可行性。     

亚、超音喷管中声传播的数值模拟

采用计算气动声学方法研究了管道近音速区的声传播和声波与激波的相互作用问题。空间离散采用高阶DRP格式,时间离散采用低耗散低频散的龙格库塔方法,边界条件采用Giles的特征变量一维非定常无反射边界条件。计算结果和解析解的精确吻合表明,计算中应用的这种高阶的DRP格式有很高的分辨率和很好的稳定性,适合声传播的计算。      

基于优化SPOT和D-S证据理论的测试性验证方案

针对现有基于序贯验后加权检验的测试性验证方案对测试性设计指标之间的模糊参数空间考虑不足，以及未能充分运用测试性多源先验信息的问题，提出一种优化序贯验后加权检验和D-S证据理论相结合的测试性验证方案。首先，考虑测试性设计指标之间的模糊参数空间，构建三参数空间复杂假设，并基于Bayes理论研究序贯决策规则，同时确定决策因子以及决策阈值；其次，以测试性指标构成的参数空间为辨识框架，分别构造基于专家信息以及测试性试验数据等先验信息的基本信任分配函数，建立融合多源先验信息的优化序贯验证方案；最后，结合实例进行研究，并与经典验证方案、传统Bayes验证方案、序贯概率比检验方案以及序贯验后加权检验方案进行了对比分析。结果表明，该方案由于考虑了模糊参数空间以及充分融合了多源先验信息，有效解决了模糊参数空间的处理问题，同时所确定的平均故障样本量在决策支持的参数空间均优于其他方法。     

基于全局敏度方程方法的飞机方案优化设计

针对飞机方案分析模块之间存在耦合关系,从而使方案分析需要迭代求解这一特点,采用全局敏度方程方法计算参数之间的敏度,以克服差分方法所带来的高费用和不精确问题。该方法本身具有递归和并行特点,使得其与数值优化方法结合起来特别适合于像飞机这类复杂的内部耦合系统的优化。给出了该方法与约束变尺度法结合,用于某假想的喷气教练机方案优化的简单算例以及用于某4座公务机方案优化的实例。     

高超声速滚转阻尼导数数值模拟

采用非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程描述物体简谐振动流场,并在Ｅｔｋｉｎ理论下给出绕定轴转动时滚转阻尼导数的计算公式,定常流场的计算采用空间二阶精度的交替方向隐式分解的ＮＮＤ格式,非定常流场的计算采用时、空二阶精度的Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ多步格式,采用代数和方法生成物体静、动网格。最后给出高超声速下钝体外形滚转阻尼导数的计算结果,以及滚转力矩系数随瞬时振幅的变化曲线。     

跨音速喷管化学反应流数值模拟

用时间相关的半隐格式有限差分数值方法求解了化学非平衡反应跨音速喷管流场，在喷管收敛段，流动接近化学平衡状态，控制方程的刚性问题严重，数值积分困难。通过对时间差分项隐式离散、对空间差分项显式离散，流场边界采用参考平面上的特征线法计算等，成功地解决了由于化学反应有限速率带来的数值解不稳定问题。该格式简单、需要计算机存贮空间少。本文完成了一维和轴对称非平衡化学反应喷管流动计算，并与化学平衡流和冻结流的计算结果做了比较。     

Launch Envelope Optimization of Virtual Sliding Target Guidance Scheme

This paper presents an optimization of the performance of a recently proposed virtual sliding target (VST) guidance scheme in terms of maximization of its launch envelope for three-dimensional (3-D) engagements. The objective is to obtain the launch envelope of the missile using the VST guidance scheme for different lateral launch angles with respect to the line of sight (LOS) and demonstrate its superiority over kinematics-based guidance laws like proportional navigation (PN). The VST scheme uses PN as its basic guidance scheme and exploits the relation between the atmospheric properties, missile aerodynamic characteristics, and the optimal trajectory of the missile. The missile trajectory is shaped by controlling the instantaneous position and the speed of a virtual target which the missile pursues during the midcourse phase. In the proposed method it is shown that an appropriate value of initial position for the virtual target in 3-D, combined with optimized virtual target parameters, can significantly improve the launch envelope performance. The paper presents the formulation of the optimization problem, obtains the approximate models used to make the optimization problem more tractable, and finally presents the optimized performance of the missile in terms of launch envelope and shows significant improvement over kinematic-based guidance laws. The paper also proposes modification to the basic VST scheme. Some simulations using the full-fledged six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) models are also presented to validate the models and technique used.     

一类非线性系统的反演变结构控制及应用

针对一类非线性系统 ,将其变换为易于设计变结构控制规律的规范型。利用小脑关节神经网络( CMAC)估计系统中的不确定函数 ,利用 CMAC神经网络和多面滑模技术估计出变换后系统的状态 ,最后利用变结构控制技术设计出控制器 ,特点是无需已知不确定性函数及其各阶导数的上界 ,与经典设计方法相比 ,所提出的方案允许非参数化不确定性。最后将此方法应用于空空弹控制系统的设计中 ,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性     

Investigation of gas dynamics numerical schemes based on the solution of one-dimensional test problems

The application of the optimized dispersion relation preserving scheme (DRP-scheme) in combination with the explicit optimized two-layer Runge-Kutta scheme is presented to solve a system of one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations using as an example the solution of four test problems, namely, discontinuity disintegration in a tube (Sod’s problem); transfer of the lowamplitude Gaussian pulse; acoustic wave propagation through the transonic nozzle; acoustic wave-shock interaction. Also given are the comparison of the calculation results using different schemes: DRP, CABARET, CE-SE and the standard Lax-Wendroff schemes as well as the solutions obtained with the use of software packages.     

水陆两栖飞机静力试验优化机翼变形的载荷配平

水陆两栖飞机全机静力试验的浮筒着水工况试验中，在试验允许的常规载荷配平方案下，压向大量级水载荷作用于浮筒结构引起机翼较大变形，影响试验精度，因此进行以减少机翼变形为目标的载荷配平研究。将机翼近似为悬臂梁结构，在构建的机翼力学模型基础上应用Green函数建立机翼的挠度曲线方程。首次以考核区域边界肋的挠度和转角为优化目标并建立多目标函数，通过层次分析法和极差变换标准化处理方法将其转化为单目标函数后，采用引入交叉和变异因子的改进蚁群算法进行载荷配平方案优化运算。有限元分析及试验结果显示，优化得到的载荷配平方案可以显著地减少机翼变形，配平载荷不影响考核区域的真实变形，证明了该优化方案的正确性和可行性。     

不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧的计算研究

本文研究不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧流场。采用保自由流5阶WENO格式求解贴体坐标变换后的多组分Euler方程,用基元反应模型描述CH4/空气燃烧。不同于标准WENO格式通量构造方法,该WENO格式数值通量由方程的解进行WENO插值得到,在曲线坐标系下具有保自由流性质。首先给出了保自由流WENO格式精度和保自由流的数值验证,然后计算圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混气燃烧流场,并考察不同半径圆柱的影响,给出燃烧流场压力与温度等值线和云图、压力和温度沿过驻点线分布。结果表明:在考核计算结果网格无关性基础上,该WENO格式可准确地捕捉激波和火焰阵面形状、激波和火焰面驻点距离,得到的计算结果和文献结果相符。增大圆柱半径,激波和火焰面被推向来流方向,激波和火焰面之间距离也减小。和TVD格式相比,5阶WENO格式采用四分之一的网格数可得到近似相同的计算结果。     

Aerodynamic shape optimization for alleviating dynamic stall characteristics of helicopter rotor airfoil

In order to alleviate the dynamic stall effects in helicopter rotor, the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method is employed to optimize the characteristics of airfoil under dynamic stall conditions based on the SC1095 airfoil. The geometry of airfoil is parameterized by the class-shape-transformation(CST) method, and the C-topology body-fitted mesh is then automatically generated around the airfoil by solving the Poisson equations. Based on the grid generation technology, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations are chosen as the governing equations for predicting airfoil flow field and the highly-efficient implicit scheme of lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) is adopted for temporal discretization. To capture the dynamic stall phenomenon of the rotor more accurately, the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is employed to close the RANS equations. The optimized airfoil with a larger leading edge radius and camber is obtained. The leading edge vortex and trailing edge separation of the optimized airfoil under unsteady conditions are obviously weakened, and the dynamic stall characteristics of optimized airfoil at different Mach numbers, reduced frequencies and angles of attack are also obviously improved compared with the baseline SC1095 airfoil. It is demonstrated that the optimized method is effective and the optimized airfoil is suitable as the helicopter rotor airfoil.     

鸭式旋翼/机翼飞机悬停状态飞行动力学特性

针对鸭式旋翼/机翼(Canard Rotor/Wing,CRW)飞机独特的气动布局,常规的分析方法及经验公式很难准确地对CRW飞机进行飞行动力学研究,通过飞行辨识对CRW飞机悬停状态特性进行了研究。首先,设计了飞行试验并获得了高质量的飞行数据,基于频率响应对CRW飞机的状态空间模型进行了简化。然后,在频域内对飞机的动力学参数进行了拟合优化,获得了CRW飞机悬停状态的动力学模型,并用飞行数据对所建模型进行了验证。最后,用辨识所得参数与常规直升机悬停状态时的参数进行了对比。结果显示悬停时CRW飞机的操纵导数和阻尼导数均比常规直升机小,经分析,操纵导数的减小主要是CRW飞机独特的旋翼设计所致,阻尼导数减小的原因主要是旋翼气动影响以及鸭翼、平尾、垂尾的结构影响。动力学特性分析结果为CRW飞机旋翼模式总体设计的进一步优化提供了指引和参考,所建立的模型可用于控制系统设计。     

某型无人机滑跑起降纠偏控制改进分析

地面滑跑起降是轮式无人机飞行过程中的一个重要阶段,研究地面滑跑起降阶段的动力学特性对于无人机抗侧风特性摸底和纠偏控制律设计优化具有重要意义。基于轮胎侧向力模型、弹性轮胎和刚性机体假设,在 Matlab 平台建立地面滑跑阶段全量非线性模型和纠偏控制模型,综合分析发动机扭矩与侧风等工况下滑跑起飞和着陆过程中的响应特性,并对比分析两种不同纠偏控制模型下的纠偏性能和抗侧风特性。结果表明：该仿真模型能够反映无人机滑跑起降阶段的动力学特性,改进后的纠偏控制模型能够大幅缩短滑跑起飞距离,并且可以较好地实现纠偏控制。     

Dihedral influence on lateral–directional dynamic stability on large aspect ratio tailless flying wing aircraft

The influence of dihedral layout on lateral–directional dynamic stability of the tailless flying wing aircraft is discussed in this paper. A tailless flying wing aircraft with a large aspect ratio is selected as the object of study, and the dihedral angle along the spanwise sections is divided into three segments. The influence of dihedral layouts is studied. Based on the stability derivatives calculated by the vortex lattice method code, the linearized small-disturbance equations of the lateral modes are used to determine the mode dynamic characteristics. By comparing 7056 configurations with different dihedral angle layouts, two groups of stability optimized dihedral layout concepts are created. Flight quality close to Level 2 requirements is achieved in these optimized concepts without any electric stability augmentation system.     

某型飞机发动机短舱结构设计

针对某型飞机的特点,提出了该发动机固定短舱主传力结构的设计方案,并用MSC/Patran软件进行了有限元分析;根据计算结果,结合发动机的安装和维护要求,对方案进行逐步优化并确定最终方案.     

Integrated batteries layout and structural topology optimization for a solar-powered drone

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an integrated optimization scheme for a solar-powered drone structure. Consider a primary beam in the wing of large aspect ratio, where 100 lithium batteries are assembled. In the proposed integrated optimization, the batteries are considered here as parts of the load-carrying structure. The corresponding mechanical behaviors are simulated in the structural design and described with super-elements. The batteries layout and the structural topology are then introduced as mixed design variables and optimized simultaneously to achieve an accordant load-carrying path. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered due to the large deformation. Different periodic structural configurations are tested in the optimization in order to meet the structural manufacturing and assembly convenience. The optimized designs are rebuilt and tested in different load cases. Maintaining the same structural weight, the global mechanical performances are improved greatly compared with the initial design.     

气膜叶片前缘内冲击冷却的共轭传热计算

导出一协变速度动量方程的数学表达式，为避免曲率源项或各附加力项的存在，该协变速度周围邻域内皆取与之平行的速度分量。采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥＲ算法对带有气膜出流的内冲击复合冷却叶片进行了共轭传热计算，揭示了其流动的特征，给出了叶片内外表面的温度分布。     

多重网格法求解二元跨音速欧拉流

 近年来,采用时间相关欧拉方程或N-S方程求解跨音速流得到了迅速发展。为了获得二元或三元复杂形体正确的表面气动参数和足够高分辨率的流场物理特性,必须采用十分细密的网格,因而导致计算时间成倍增长。为此,除继续发展各种差分格式,探讨各种自适应网格技术外,运用多重网格技术加速收敛过程得到了国外普遍关注并取得了一定的成功。国内也已有采用多重网格法解跨音速欧拉流的文章,然而均局限于两重网格的计算。为探索多重网格法和焓阻尼技术对加速收敛的作用,我们以NACA0012翼型的跨音速流动为例,采用MacCormack两步显式格式进行了数值实验。