中药对模拟失重兔耳微循环和血液流变性的影响

因失重时血循环系统的改变十分类似于中医“血淤症”时的变化,故采用活血化淤中药来改善失重时的血循环状态可能是一种较好的防护措施。实验比较了4种中药(丹-黄合剂、川芎、冠心Ⅱ号、樟柳碱)对模拟失重兔耳微循环和血液流变性的影响。结果表明4种中药均有改善模拟失重兔血循环的作用,其效果是丹-黄合剂>川芎>冠心Ⅱ号>樟柳碱。两种药量实验结果表明丹黄合剂用15g/kg,川芎用10g/kg 效果较好。     

模拟失重时家兔耳廓微循环的变化

为了解失重时体液头向分布这一因素对微循环的影响,比较了两组兔(平卧组和头低位20°悬吊组)在实验7天中耳廓微循环和血液流变学指标的变化。结果证明体液头向分布可引起一定的微循环障碍,表现为毛细血管和细静脉管径变粗、流速减慢、血液在静脉中潴留、红细胞聚集、耳廓出血及立位时微血管调节功能发生改变,血液流变学指标也出现相应变化。本文分析了其中一些变化的起因,提出一些新的看法。      

航天“血淤症”及其防护措施

根据实验结果及国外有关资料证明,失重或模拟失重时人和动物血循环系统的紊乱和中医“血淤症”时的变化十分相似,提出我国“活血化淤”中药有可能成为防止失重血循环紊乱的一种有效药物的看法。     

一种模拟长期失重影响的大鼠尾部悬吊模型

本文改进了Morey-Holton和wronski的大鼠尾部悬吊方法,还总结出了一套不致对尾部造成损伤的长期尾部悬吊技术。用此方法,完成了五批(每批10只)为期90—120天的悬吊实验。结果表明:引起的应激程度轻微;悬吊组大鼠体重增长与对照大鼠接近。可用来对长期失重生理影响及其机理进行研究。     

大鼠后肢去负荷体位调节装置设计与实验研究

通过对大鼠尾吊模型进行改进，研制出一种新型可调节体位的大鼠后肢去负荷悬吊装置，研究模拟微重力效应下体液分布变化对大鼠骨代谢的影响.将36只SD大鼠均分为对照组（CON）、头低位后肢去负荷组（HDT）、水平位后肢去负荷组（HH）和头高位后肢去负荷组（HUT）4组，实验21天后，利用DXA检测大鼠的骨密度（BMD）.模拟微重力效应下的三组大鼠后肢均发生严重骨丢失，其中HH和HUT组后肢BMD显著大于HDT组.实验结果表明，体液分布变化可能在模拟微重力效应导致的骨丢失中起到重要作用，新型大鼠后肢去负荷悬吊装置能够调节大鼠体位（体液）进行模拟微重力效应研究.      

4小时头低位卧床期间脑阻抗图的变化

为了检查被试者对失重的适应能力,本实验采用了4h 头低位15°卧床方法模拟失重,观察了38名被试者在卧床中的耐受时间和脑阻抗图(REG)的变化,结果是短时间的头低位卧床期间REG 发生了规律性的变化,此变化反映了被试者脑循环系统状态,并与被试者卧床耐力一致。结果提示,短期头低位卧床可作为检查被试者失重适应能力的一种方法,而REG 是一个有用的评定指标。     

用电磁力模拟空间微重力效应制备二元偏晶合金

提出了一种在地面利用电磁场与金属熔体的相互作用来模拟失重效应的方法。探讨了实现准失重环境的可能性,建立了准失重模拟装置。并成功地制备了均匀的Pb-Zn二元偏晶合金样品。实验结果表明,用此方法进行微重效应模拟可消除重力造成的斯托克斯(Stokes)沉积,制备的Pb-Zn二元偏晶合金中的弥散体(Pb)分布均匀,铅粒子的形状主要为微米量级的小球。与我们在我国返回式实验卫星上搭载的Pb-Zn合金样品相比较,其弥散体的分布状况无大的差异,只是前者弥散体尺寸略大于空间样品。然而,用该方法在准失重条件下制备的样品,无论在弥散体大小和均匀程度方面都与地面普通条件下(受重力影响)的样品有本质的区别。     

地面上的模拟失重方法

航天员在轨道飞行时,由于失重因素,产生了一系列生理、病理变化,出现了空间运动病、心血管和水盐代谢紊乱、骨质脱钙、肌肉萎缩等机能紊乱和失调。这些变化或多或少地影响了航天员的健康和工作,及返回地球的再适应能力,并可能成为长时间航天飞行的主要障碍。因此,了解失重对人体的影响、生理机能失调的机制及采取有效的防护措施是十分必要的。但是在航天飞行中航天员的人数有限,且任务繁忙不能进行大量的生理实验和测试。加之,飞行中的实验     

日本计划兴建世界上最大的实验设施

日本通产省明确表示,拟制订一项建造世界上最大的落塔式失重实验设施的宏大计划。地下无重力环境实验中心,将建立在日本北海道旧砂川碳矿遗址,利用14米长的竖井,自由下落直径2米的巨大密封容器,形成10秒钟的失重状态。竖井落差为820米,保持的失重持续时间不亚于利用飞机试验的情况。     

低αs有机硅热控涂层及其空间防护作用研究

介绍了三种有机硅热控涂层的组成、工艺及性能，井讨论了影响涂层稳定性的因素。用LAMBDA—9分光度计和扫描电镜(SEM)对在模拟原子氧(AO)环境中的有机热控涂层太阳光吸收率(αs)的变化和防护作用进行表征研究。结果表明，这些涂层均有良好的空间稳定性，对AO辐照有较强的防护效果。该研究建立了空间材料新的防护体系。尤其是9—5涂层的αs最低，性能最优越。     

A REPORT OF GROUND EXPERIMENTS FOR BRAIN FUNCTION IN SPACE

The brain function is of crucial importance in space adaptation and astronaut performance. According to the theory of nonequiliblium fluctuations a new technology, ET (Elec-troencephalofluctuography [EEFG] Technology), has been developed in our laboratory for space application. Information of different attracters, especially the dominant supra-slow (S) oscillations of the brain can be abstracted from the fluctuating brain waves. Specific Sspectral lines related to neurophysiological and neuro-chemical activities have been identified and charcteristic spatial patterns have been figured out. ETanalysis has been carried out in a series of ground experiments: (1) 20 degrees head lowered suspension experiments in rabbits; (2) 2Gz hypergravity experiments in rabbits; (3) effects of antimotionsickness drugs on rabbits during suspension; (4) clincal observations on patients with brain circulation diseases. Valuable information has been collected in all these experiments, which can hardly be obtained by means of other existing techniques. The potentiality of ETapplication in space research was discussed.      

Implementation of ALARA radiation protection on the ISS through polyethylene shielding augmentation of the Service Module Crew Quarters.

With 5-7 month long duration missions at 51.6 degrees inclination in Low Earth Orbit, the ionizing radiation levels to which International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers are exposed will be the highest planned occupational exposures in the world. Even with the expectation that regulatory dose limits will not be exceeded during a single tour of duty aboard the ISS, the "as low as reasonably achievable" (ALARA) precept requires that radiological risks be minimized when possible through a dose optimization process. Judicious placement of efficient shielding materials in locations where crewmembers sleep, rest, or work is an important means for implementing ALARA for spaceflight. Polyethylene (CnHn) is a relatively inexpensive, stable, and, with a low atomic number, an effective shielding material that has been certified for use aboard the ISS. Several designs for placement of slabs or walls of polyethylene have been evaluated for radiation exposure reduction in the Crew Quarters (CQ) of the Zvezda (Star) Service Module. Optimization of shield designs relies on accurate characterization of the expected primary and secondary particle environment and modeling of the predicted radiobiological responses of critical organs and tissues. Results of the studies shown herein indicate that 20% or more reduction in equivalent dose to the CQ occupant is achievable. These results suggest that shielding design and risk analysis are necessary measures for reducing long-term radiological risks to ISS inhabitants and for meeting legal ALARA requirements. Verification of shield concepts requires results from specific designs to be compared with onboard dosimetry.     

中国航天医学进展

航天医学是随着载人航天事业的发展而兴起的一门特种医学学科、随着人类对太空的不断探索,从学科创建至今的短短几十年时间取得了巨大的发展,我国的载人航天工程于20世纪90年代初启动,但航天医学发展的历史却可追溯到50年代末,特别是近10年来,我国载人航天工程的启动为航天医学的发展带来了重大机遇,目前,我国首次载人航天飞行已获圆满成功,首飞航天员也已安全、健康地重返地球,航天医学专家们与航天员一同经受住了首次载人航天飞行的考验、本文简要介绍了我国航天医学的基础研究和应用研究,以及取得的进展,并展望了今后将面临的挑战和机遇。     

Medical prevention of space motion sickness--animal model of therapeutic effect of a new medicine on motion sickness.

Space motion sickness (MS) is one of the most important problems in the field of space medicine. In order to prevent space MS, a new medicine, PMPA, has been prepared by means of synthesizing in our laboratory. The purposes of this study were to set up animal models of PMPA against MS, and to observe its effects on anti-MS, and to prove its function of antagonism to choline. Eight cats, forty rabbits and two hundred and ten rats were selected as animal subjects. The parallel swing stimulus, a method causing the reversal syndromes and tests of anti-choline function were used in our experiments. The results are as follows: (1) The score of MS symptoms in cats with PMPA or scopolamine (SCOP) is significantly lower than that in cats with placebo (p<0.01), while the incidences of efficiency and prevention of PMPA (87.5%, 75%) are higher than those of SCOP (75.0%, 50%) in cats. (2) PMPA of 1.6 mg/kg or 0.8 mg/kg could antagonize the reversal syndromes and repress reversal rotation significantly in rabbits like SCOP in comparison with placebo (p<0.01). (3) PMPA could inhibit tremor evoked by oxotremorine or by nicotine-procaine in rats like SCOP, and play an important role in the antagonism to central M-choline and N-choline receptors. The animal experiments demonstrate that PMPA is an effective medicine against MS with antagonism function to choline.     

SPACE LIFE SCIENCE IN 2000-2001

Chinese scientists studied some of the problems in the field of space life science and achieved success in the area during 2000-2001. Space biological experi ments were carried out in the orbit and the results of ground studies on protein crystallization, space radiation, space motion sickness were introduced in this paper. The influences of simulated weightlessness on the brain-function, the car diovascular, endocrine hormones, immunity, skeletal and muscle systems were presented. In addition, gravity medicine and space environment medicine, as well as countermeasures to space deconditioning, such as the traditional Chinese medicine, were also reported.     

中国地区20──80km高空风的一些特征

利用Nimbus-7卫星1979-1981年的平流层和中间层大气温度探测数据(SAMS)和热成风原理,计算了高空风场,得到中国上空20──80km高度范围风场的一些特征。结果表明,用地转一热成风公式从卫星温度探测数据计算的高空风与当日中国气象火箭探测的高空风基本一致,说明利用卫星温度数据是获得中国20-80k高空风气候特征的一种有效的方法;从计算出的风场看,中国上空20──80km的纬向风与COSPAR国际参考大气CIRA-1986的纬圈平均纬向风有显着差别,文中还给出了经向风的分布和风场的变化情况。      

National Report on Space Medicine Progress

The development of Chinese manned space engineering has a great role in promoting the progress of Chinese space medicine. With the accelerated implementation of Chinese Space Station Program, China's space medicine has made fruitful achievements over the past three years. This report summarizes the major progress of Chinese space medicine in terms of basic research and space applications from 2016 to 2018.      

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.