基于密度权重的可靠性灵敏度分析方法简

 为了提高可靠性灵敏度求解数字模拟法的效率,提出了一种变量空间确定性低偏差均匀抽样与样本点处联合概率密度函数构造权重相结合的方法,来估计可靠性灵敏度。该方法通过均匀样本点处联合概率密度函数的权重保证了可靠性灵敏度的估计值收敛于真值,而由低偏差抽样代替原问题中的联合概率密度抽样则可以保证更低的误差阶以及在小失效概率条件下抽得的样本有更高的可能性落入失效域,从而保证了所提方法具有更高的收敛速度。另外,所提方法可以采用与独立变量相同的步骤来估计相关变量情况下的可靠性灵敏度,计算简便,适用范围广。算例充分证明了所提方法的优越性。     

基于密度权重的可靠性灵敏度分析方法

为了提高可靠性灵敏度求解数字模拟法的效率,提出了一种变量空间确定性低偏差均匀抽样与样本点处联合概率密度函数构造权重相结合的方法,来估计可靠性灵敏度。该方法通过均匀样本点处联合概率密度函数的权重保证了可靠性灵敏度的估计值收敛于真值,而由低偏差抽样代替原问题中的联合概率密度抽样则可以保证更低的误差阶以及在小失效概率条件下抽得的样本有更高的可能性落入失效域,从而保证了所提方法具有更高的收敛速度。另外,所提方法可以采用与独立变量相同的步骤来估计相关变量情况下的可靠性灵敏度,计算简便,适用范围广。算例充分证明了所提方法的优越性。     

结构可靠性分析的拟蒙特卡罗方法

由于蒙特卡罗(MC)方法具有程序结构简单,收敛速度与问题维数无关等优点,故其在结构可靠性分析中得到了广泛应用。但是对于小失效概率等问题,计算效率低这一主要缺点限制了该方法的应用范围。为了解决MC方法存在的问题,通过引进单位超立方体中不同的低偏差点集代替伪随机数序列,并结合了重要抽样技术建立了结构可靠性分析的拟蒙特卡罗(QMC)方法。该方法不但可以大幅度减少抽样点数目,还能够得到确定性的估计值, 避免传统MC方法只能得到概率意义下误差的缺陷。通过数值算例可以看出本文方法具有较高的计算精度和效率,因此适用于结构可靠性分析问题。     

一种可靠性增长试验抽样数Max-Min准则的反馈修正方法

对成败型航空发动机部件可靠性增长试验抽样数的确定问题进行了研究。推导出了初始故障数服从典型离散分布时的最小化最大准则(Max-Min准则),提出了一种逐次抽样样本估计值反馈修正方法。最后给出了一个应用实例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

异步电机无速度传感器带速重投策略

在异步电机转速自适应全阶观测器无速度传感器控制方法的基础上,提出了一种基于波波夫稳定性理论的带速重投策略。该策略能够反映出转速估计值与实际值之间的误差关系,并通过自中心向两侧检索的方法使得转速估计值快速地向实际值收敛。采用了一种预励磁方案来达到减小带速重投过程中电流冲击的目的。仿真结果证明了所提策略的准确性和有效性。     

高维小失效概率下的改进线抽样方法

 针对隐式极限状态方程的可靠性分析，提出了一种基于失效域样本模拟的高效线抽样法。该法采用马尔可夫链来快速得到失效域中的条件样本，利用这些失效域中的样本可以得到线抽样的重要方向，并且这些样本还可以作为线抽样的样本，来得到隐式极限状态方程失效概率的估计值。由于该法可以较准确地得到线抽样方法的重要方向，因此线抽样的效率可以得到提高，另外失效域的样本又可以作为线抽样的样本，从而进一步降低所提方法的计算工作量。算例表明所提算法的计算精度和效率均高于传统线抽样方法。     

高增益低旁瓣天线阵的综合技术

在PDR系统中期望天线具有高增益、低旁瓣特性,实际中通过离散阵的综合较连续口径天线易于实现这一要求。阵面的综合现有两种可资应用的方法,其中之一是应用矩阵理论求解具有旁瓣约束下的最佳化;第二种是抽样迭代法,即对于给定的初始方向图E⁰（θ,φ）,通过对旁瓣峰值的抽样并用一修正方向图函数△E（θ,φ）逐次迭代而逼近期望的方向图E^d（θ,φ）,此法的明显特点是对于给定问题解的收敛能力以及大的综合灵活性。文中最后给出了抽样迭代法的计算实例。     

基于斜距测量的浮标位置计算方法研究

根据航空搜潜浮标与飞机的相对距离和方位,采用最小二乘法,分析了计算浮标位置的原理、方法,建立了相应的数学模型和仿真算法;仿真分析了方位估计值对计算浮标位置收敛速度的影响,同时验证了文中所建算法的正确性。     

航空发动机限寿件疲劳可靠度计算新方法

针对目前的航空发动机限寿件（ELLP）疲劳可靠性分析中的小失效概率事件以及其极限状态函数具有较强非线性的特点，提出了一种具有自更新机制的半径外自适应重要抽样（AUMCROAIS）疲劳可靠性分析方法。该方法首先利用蒙特卡罗自适应重要抽样（MCAIS）快速逼近真实设计验算点（MPP）附近，随后以近似设计验算点为中心进行极坐标抽样，并依次构造主动学习函数，对近极限状态函数和抽样半径进行最优选取，从而实现最优抽样半径的更新，通过不断的更新确定出最优抽样半径，加速失效概率计算的收敛。本方法提高了设计验算点的收敛速度同时保证了计算精度，解决了小失效概率事件以及强非线性极限状态函数可靠度计算难题，最后以某型发动机压气机轮盘为对象应用本方法，并与传统的蒙特卡罗仿真（MCS）方法、蒙特卡罗半径外自适应重要抽样法（MCROAIS）和一阶可靠性方法（FORM）进行了对比，验证了本方法的高效率、鲁棒性和仿真精度。     

变量相关情况下基于马尔可夫链样本模拟的线抽样可靠性灵敏度分析方法

针对变量具有相关性的可靠性灵敏度分析问题,提出了一种变量相关情况下基于马尔可夫链样本模拟的线抽样可靠性灵敏度分析方法。在所提方法中,首先将相关变量等价转换为独立正态变量,然后采用基于马尔可夫链样本模拟的线抽样方法,求解失效概率对等价独立正态变量分布参数的偏导数,最后利用等价变换前后变量分布参数之间的解析关系和复合函数求导法则,求得失效概率对相关变量分布参数的可靠性灵敏度。为了解所提方法的效率和精度,对所提方法的可靠性灵敏度估计值进行了方差分析。由于所提方法采用马尔可夫链快速产生失效域中的条件样本,这些失效域中的样本可用来准确获取重要方向,并可作为线抽样的随机样本,因而该方法具有很高的抽样效率。算例结果表明,所提方法是一种计算相关变量可靠性灵敏度的高效率、高精度方法。     

Potentials of manufacture and repair of nickel base turbine components used in aero engines and power plants by laser metal deposition and laser drilling

IntroductionExpensive turbine parts like HPT(HighPressure Turine)blades or vanes are replaced bynew parts in case of damage.For example theburn through of the inner side of a blade or vane(Figure 1)is a frequently appearing damage,which cannot be repaired…     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to operate at increasingly higher inlet temperatures to increase thermal efficiency and specific power output.To maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,especially for the first stage.Film cooling lowers material temperature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about component surfaces to insulate them from the hot gases.Unfortunately,each cooling jet forms a pair of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to protect.This paper gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of film-cooling.This paper also describes two new design concepts.One design concept seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned blockers.The other design concept shifts the interaction between the approaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an upstream ramp.For both design concepts,computational fluid dynamics results are presented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectiveness.      

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

Blockage effect on the flow around a cylinder probe in calibration

Flow around a 2-D cylinder pressure probe placed in uniform flow,free jet flow,and wind tunnel flow was analyzed with potential flow theory and simulated with numerical method.Blockage effect was investigated under several typical flow Mach numbers.The result from numerical simulation shows a similar trend to the one from potential flow method while varies in quantity.Wind tunnel walls accelerate the flow near the probe and thus produce a blockage effect;Boundary of free jet flow,however,decelerates the flow and thus produces a "negative" blockage effect.A maximum incoming Mach number exists when the probe is calibrated in wind tunnel in high subsonic condition due to choking caused by shocks and shock induced separation.The critical Mach number varies with blockage ratio,which makes high Mach number impossible to achieve in large blockage ratio condition.The blockage effect itself is unavoidable for calibration or measurement although a sufficiently small blockage ratio brings minor effect.Correction can be implemented based on the numerical simulation result presented in this paper and further works.      

基于马赫数分布可控曲面外/内锥形基准流场的前体/进气道一体化设计

提出了一种高超声速飞行器乘波前体的外锥形基准流场设计方法,在锥面马赫数分布规律给定的条件下,通过有旋特征线法实现反设计,提高了基准流场设计的灵活性。该基准流场通过锥形"下凹"弯曲激波和波后等熵压缩波系压缩气流,可以在较短的长度内完成高效压缩。基于反正切马赫数分布外锥形基准流场设计的乘波前体具有较高的容积率,乘波特性良好且出口均匀,设计点时有黏升阻比为1.89。另外,基于该乘波前体和马赫数分布可控的内收缩进气道给出了一种双乘波的前体与进气道一体化设计方案,实现了内外流分别独立乘波,充分发挥了乘波前体和内收缩进气道的各自优势。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.