Advanced technologies and new roles for VTOL aircraft (Part II/II)

This survey paper intends to overview some main technical evolutions impacting present and future general design of rotorcraft (for vehicles, engines and systems), including helicopter and future tilt-rotor. These trends tend to achieve a better adaptation to a wide range of mission requirements with an economic aircraft optimisation and an enhanced safety level and environmental impact. Whilst part I considered the whole rotorcraft technical activity, the present part II is essentially focused on market issues and the tilt-rotor concept introduction.     

Changing world-changing nature of conflicts-a critical role formilitary radar

The upheaval in world geopolitical structure is changing the nature of international security and the nature of possible future conflicts. A review of the character of these future conflicts points to new critical roles for military radars. This paper is not an overview of all future military radar possibilities but rather it assesses the nature of future conflicts and identifies certain critical radar systems and technologies that are the keystone to favorable resolution of these conflicts     

New Horizons-the pottery problem, and its relation to computerarchitecture

The evolution of the appearance of the computer is described, and the future appearance of the personal computer is predicted. Changes to the inside of the computer are also forecast. It is suggested that computers will be the pottery of a future generation for archaeologists, allowing them to date an archaeological find     

Challenges of future aircraft propulsion: A review of distributed propulsion technology and its potential application for the all electric commercial aircraft

This paper highlights the role of distributed propulsion technology for future commercial aircraft. After an initial historical perspective on the conceptual aspects of distributed propulsion technology and a glimpse at numerous aircraft that have taken distributed propulsion technology to flight, the focal point of the review is shifted towards a potential role this technology may entail for future commercial aircraft. Technological limitations and challenges of this specific technology are also considered in combination with an all electric aircraft concept, as means of predicting the challenges associated with the design process of a next generation commercial aircraft.     

FINDER, a system providing complex decision support for commercialtransport replanning operations

Decision-aid systems, likely to appear in future aircraft generations, could play a central role in the cockpit thanks to the broad spectrum of functionalities and decision support facilities they will offer to the crew. As part of such systems, the exploratory FINDER mock-up is a knowledge-based system (KBS) designed to help crew members continually optimize their flight plan by suggesting solutions considering exhaustive information related to flight context, either on pilot request or upon external information occurrence. The successful evaluation by AIR FRANCE pilots of that first mock-up dedicated to diversion procedure on pilot request has led to the current development of an enhanced system with nominal Enroute operations and real-time capabilities. Nominal Enroute operations concern the optimization with respect to an evolutive constraining or favouring environment (due to weather, traffic or regulated areas, ETOPS constraints). This study paves the way for a future Flight Assistant System concept which is already under investigation and may take place in SEXTANT Avionique's future development steps     

基于MCMC的PLP未来强度的Bayesian预测分析

在无信息先验分布下，将Gibbs抽样与Metropolis-Hastings算法相结合的方法应用于幂律过程的未来强度的Bayesian预测。该预测方法能将时间截尾数据和失效截尾数据统一分析，并给出在未来某一时刻处强度函数的MCMC样本，利用该样本可以方便地获得关于未来某一时处刻强度函数及其函数的各种后验分析。一个经典工程数值算例说明了预测方法的可行性、合理性与有效性。     

Military aircraft fiber optics networks: status & direction

Fiber optics is proving to be an essential transmission medium at data rates of 1 Gigabit per second and above because of advantages relative to copper, including increased distance-bandwidth, reduced weight, and reduced cable volume. Whereas implementation in commercial applications is often straightforward, aerospace applications present a number of challenges due to an environment harsher than exists in the commercial world. In order to meet the future needs of military aircraft, designers will have to choose carefully between a number of component and architectural choices now available. This paper examines current trends in aerospace fiber optics and maps future needs for aerospace.     

Is there an alternative to the Joint Strike Fighter? - I

The large financial commitments which several countries are making towards the future Joint Strike Fighter of the USA begs the question of whether there is an alternative to satisfy the needs of European Air Forces. After having recalled the post-War evolutions of the European fighter market, described the present state and the future prospects, the present article attempts to outline an answer.     

民用飞机气动布局发展演变及其技术影响因素

在民用飞机气动布局发展演变的历程中,技术因素是根本推动力。为了研究未来民机的发展方向、技术需求以及应对策略,在回顾民机气动布局发展历程的基础上,梳理了在现代民机气动布局形成与演变过程中有着重要影响的4大类技术因素:航空发动机、气动设计、结构设计、飞行控制,并且揭示了这些技术因素在民机发展及其气动布局演变中所发挥的作用。结合未来航空运输市场出现的新需求,分析了未来民机的主要发展方向,重点分析了未来非常规布局民机可能采用的翼身融合、双气泡机身、支撑翼以及联结翼等气动布局形式。最后探讨了新技术条件下民用飞机发展在技术方面的需求和挑战,以及未来民用飞机总体设计的技术策略,明确了多学科设计优化是满足未来民机总体设计需求的有效技术途径。     

MILDATA?A Study of Post-1975 Command Control Information Systems

MILDATA was an Army-sponsored exploratory development study in the area of digital computer technology. Its objective was to explore and evaluate new organizational concepts for hardware and software in a tactical command control information system (CCIS) and to develop new measures of effectiveness and methods for evaluating system performance. It was assumed that the MILDATA system would be operational in the field army during the time frame 1975-1985. A unique feature of the MILDATA concept is an unprecedented degree of modularity which provides flexibility to fulfill a wide variety of tactical data processing requirements. This paper supplies necessary background on CCIS requirements and develops modular design criteria. It then summarizes MILDATA study requirements and the general nature of the results obtained and outlines a program of future work. Finally, an attempt is made to systematize the experience gained during MILDATA as an aid to the organization of future exploratory development studies.     

Space: where are we headed?

In a new column, the author reviews NASA space activities since the beginning of 2003 and looks at plans for the future. Topics include the Space Shuttle Columbia, what's in store for the International Space Station (ISS), the development of an orbital space plane, orbiter safety upgrades, and the future of space exploration and research beyond the ISS. He presents arguments for sending astronauts to asteroids, the Moon, and Mars.     

Proposal Perfidy, A Poverty Syndrome (Ethics as a Prerequisite to Proposal Success)

There is a direct correlation between proposal success and proposal ethics, a fact which is independent of the proposal scope or the type of customer. To be successful, a proposal must result in a profit when measured within the total environment of present and future sales. A misleading or unethical proposal has little chance of leading to an immediate contract, is most likely to incur cost penalties if a contract does result, and is certain to reduce the probabilities for future sales. Unfortunately proposals tend to deal in that gray area between fact and fiction; the normal desire to present things in their most favorable light leads to misrepresentation. In his own professional interests the proposal engineer must learn to give an honest and accurate portrayal of his plan and his product.     

未来城市空中交通管理研究综述

随着垂直起降（VTOL）航空器快速发展,城市空中交通（UAM）的概念逐渐引发了人们的关注。城市空中交通作为一种新型交通运输模式,将给未来城市发展带来无尽的活力。然而,现有空中交通管理系统不能满足未来城市空中交通按需运行的发展要求,必须针对城市空中交通运行特点,构建未来城市空中交通管理体系。首先,从城市空中交通发展概况与发展历程,简要概述了城市空中交通的由来、兴起与发展前景;其次,设计了城市空中交通管理的运行概念,并结合中国空管的现状特点,提出了中国未来城市空中交通管理体系架构;然后,分别从空域规划、流量控制、交通服务与基础设施建设等方面系统论述城市空中交通管理的研究现状。最后,结合未来城市空中交通发展需求,提出了城市空中交通管理所面临的问题挑战,给出了中国城市空中交通管理的发展建议,以期为城市空中交通管理深入研究与快速发展提供参考借鉴。     

可重复使用运载器再入轨迹与制导控制方法综述

可重复使用运载器（RLV）是未来实现快速、可靠及廉价进出空间的必然趋势，也是当前航空航天领域的研究热点。对RLV再入段的轨迹优化、制导及控制方法进行了综述。在RLV再入轨迹优化方法上，分别从间接法、直接法以及伪谱法等方面进行了综述，在深入分析每类方法特点的基础上，对其未来发展趋势进行了展望；在RLV再入制导方法上，分别从离线标称轨迹制导、在线轨迹重构制导、预测校正制导等方面进行了综述，对每类再入制导方法进行了优缺点分析，并对未来发展方向进行了总结；在RLV再入姿态控制方法上，分别从线性控制方法、非线性控制方法、智能控制方法等方面对其进行了综述，并对其特点和未来发展趋势进行了分析。最后，对RLV再入制导控制一体化方法进行了综述，指出了未来RLV制导控制一体化研究中亟需解决的关键问题。     

Microprocessor-Controlled Digital Shunt Regulator

A new approach to the design of power systems is presented in which a microprocessor is used as a controller for a digital shunt regulator (DSR). This approach meets the demands of future space and ground missions, i. e., high efficiency, high reliability, low weight, low volume, increased flexibility, and less development time. This approach responds to future demands by permitting realtime modification of system parameters for system optimization. This feature is especially important in the event of an anomaly. As the microprocessor need not be dedicated to the DSR, it can simultaneously be used for battery management and for charge regulator/discharge regulator control. This approach also reduces the component count, simplifies assembly and testing of the unit, results in significant time saving, and increases the reliability.     

半球谐振陀螺技术

半球谐振陀螺是一种基于哥式效应的固体波动陀螺,具有高精度、长寿命、高可靠性的优势,是未来陀螺的重要方向,国内外均开展了半球谐振陀螺的相关研究。本文对美国、俄罗斯、法国以及国内的半球谐振陀螺研究历程、技术及应用现状进行了介绍,在半球谐振陀螺技术发展过程中存在着加工制造难度大、动态范围小以及全角模式下存在角速度测量阈值等技术瓶颈,亟需突破高Q值材料、两件套陀螺加工制造以及全角模式控制等关键技术研究。半球谐振陀螺的未来发展方向包括高精度、大动态、低成本以及轻质小型化等,在航天、航海、战略战术武器等诸多领域上,半球谐振陀螺都将有着良好的应用前景。     

战斗机非线性飞行控制技术的研究与发展

战斗机非线性飞行控制技术研究综述。首先介绍战斗机技术发展走向,然后对当前主要战斗机飞行控制设计方案进行分析,并重点介绍神经网络在飞行控制中的应用研究。最后指出,基于神经网络的智能控制方案作为飞行控制的重要研究方向,将为未来先进战斗机飞行控制系统设计提供重要的解决方案。     

Swedish R&TD in aeronautics

This presentation gives an overview of the Swedish National R&TD efforts in aeronautics. The scope is to look both a little bit backwards and see what has been achieved, and to look into the future.     

建立民航维修专家系统的分析

简要介绍了专家系统的原理及构成.分析了“设计民航维修专家系统”的过程,目前加拿大正着手研制的“先进的维修软件系统”的概况.最后提出专家系统需要解决的关键技术问题及发展情况.