半导体发光条辐射定标源辐照场均匀性的研究

文章研究了半导体发光条辐射定标源辐照场均匀性，从辐射度学的基本原理出发，计算了计半导体发光条在焦面处产生的辐照度及其空间均匀性，并实际测试了辐照度空间均匀性，实验结果和计算结果相符，表明这种半导体发光条在均匀性方面满足轻小型卫星遥感器的星载辐射定标要求。     

超光谱成像仪的实验室定标

星载超光谱成像仪是一种空间调制型干涉光谱成像仪,文章研究了一套适用于干涉成像光谱仪、具有一定精度的实验室定标方法,满足了超光谱成像仪的实验室定标要求。采用激光光源进行光谱定标,光谱定标精度优于2nm。用远距点光源光路进行CCD探测器像元响应不均匀性修正,并进一步用天空背景光或均匀平行光进行全系统光能传输不均匀修正,实现了干涉图平场,相对定标精度达到2.46%。采用太阳模拟光源和均匀平行光路,用光谱辐射度计（ASD）实现标准辐射亮度的传递进行光谱辐射度定标,绝对定标精度达到8.21%。     

中波红外面阵遥感相机相对辐射定标方法研究

为了促进中波红外面阵遥感相机遥感数据的应用,提出了一种在轨相对辐射定标方法。该方法根据两点定标原理,以中波红外面阵遥感图像数据为基础,利用在轨其他卫星数据获得相机入瞳处辐亮度,计算出非均匀性系数,从而实现在轨相对辐射定标。它为同类红外面阵遥感相机在轨相对辐射定标提供了一种新的思路,同时也可作为星上黑体标的一种校验手段。     

卫星红外遥感器辐射定标光机系统 热-结构耦合变形分析

辐射定标光机系统在模拟空间环境下的热变形直接影响定标光学系统成像质量,并决定星载遥感器辐射定标试验精度。文章建立的辐射定标光机系统有限元模型,以某卫星多光谱扫描仪辐射定标试验中的实测温度变化作为温度载荷,计算和研究了该系统在真空低温环境下的热-结构耦合变形的分布情况和分布规律。结果表明:在非均匀稳态低温环境下,该系统光学支架热变形使主镜及主反射镜发生刚性位移,引起垂轴方向位移、倾斜,黑体的离焦和光学系统焦距变化;反射镜表面畸变RMS值均为1/40波长以下,可以满足实际光学系统的面形准确度要求。     

航天遥感器辐射定标精度计算方法研究

针对航天遥感器进行辐射定标工作的定标精度评估时,并没有形成统一计算方法的问题,文章对工作在不同谱段遥感器的多种辐射定标精度计算方法进行了实例计算与研究。研究结果表明定标精度计算结果一般同具体的定标点选取相关。文章进而提出在比较不同遥感器辐射定标精度时需要明确精度计算的约束条件,这样才能增加精度对比的横向可比性,也能为客观的评价辐射定标工作提供更好的参考。     

空间CCD相机辐射校正算法分析

空间 CCD 相机对均匀景物响应的不一致在图像中表现为条带现象,相对辐射校正可以减弱或消除条带效应。相对辐射校正可以使用不同的算法,但效果不同。文章选取了某空间 CCD 相机的实验室辐射定标数据,采用基准的归一化系数法和最小二乘法,分别计算该相机的3组相对辐射校正系数,并对实验室原始辐射定标数据进行相对辐射校正,验证3种算法的校正效果。通过相对辐射校正后的图像和3种算法的辐射校正残余误差分析,认为以所有辐亮度DN（digital number）均值为基准的归一化系数法的校正效果在多数辐亮度级下好于最小二乘法。最后分析了相机像元响应线性度和算法辐射校正残余误差的关系。     

环境-1A超光谱成像仪相对辐射定标方法应用研究

介绍了环境-1A卫星上装载的新型有效载荷超光谱成像仪的工作原理。指出我国使用超光谱干涉仪尚处于试验阶段,对在轨数据处理方法还需要完善。文章针对干涉仪的数据立方体特性提出一种空间维的基于统计方法的在轨干涉数据相对辐射定标处理方法,并通过对卫星实际在轨数据的对比处理来验证其处理效果。结果表明,相对辐射定标处理可以修正CCD响应的不均匀性和入射光场的不均匀性,减小非线性相位偏移,提高复原光谱的精度。     

基于空间光学探测的空间目标星等特性分析研究

利用STK对空间目标的轨道特性分析,模拟了太阳与空间目标观测面的夹角,空间目标 在光照区的时间和空间光学望远镜与空间目标的夹角。利用黑体辐射定律,计算太阳在可见 光区域的能流密度,通过建立平面目标可见光辐照度模型,推导了空间目标到达空间光学望 远镜的辐照度模型,建立了一种计算空间目标等效星等模型。通过建立的模型可以对正常工 作的卫星和失效卫星判断区分。     

基于实验室定标和均匀景统计的相对辐射定标方法

提出了一种基于实验室定标和均匀景统计的定标方法,并应用于CBERS-02卫星遥感图像相对辐射校正。首先分析宽视场成像仪(Wide Field Imager,WFI)实验室基础定标系数;然后结合均匀景的定标方法,生成一组新的相对辐射定标系数;最后评价WFI图像相对辐射校正的效果。结果表明:文章提出的定标方法有效,可以较好地解决宽幅遥感图像辐射校正问题,同时为遥感卫星相对辐射校正提供了一种新的途径。     

太阳定标基准星轨道仿真设计研究

遥感卫星辐射定标是提高遥感数据辐射质量、监测遥感卫星性能变化的重要途径。首先简要介绍了遥感卫星绝对辐射定标原理,讨论了现行遥感卫星绝对辐射定标方法及其优缺点,在此基础上提出了一种基于太阳定标基准星的在轨辐射定标方法,并对太阳定标基准星的轨道设计方法进行了研究。文章针对高分二号(GF-2)卫星的轨道特点设计了满足其遥感相机定标要求的太阳定标基准星轨道模型,据此分析GF-2卫星和太阳定标基准星的轨道关系,得到遥感相机对太阳定标基准星的可见时长,验证了此辐射定标方法的理论可行性,其计算和分析结果对提高今后我国遥感卫星辐射定标精度具有参考意义。     

Spacecraft dynamics with regard to elastic gravitational stabilizer deployment

The present paper deals with the study the dynamics of the spacecraft with gyro-gravitational system of stabilization. The deployment of the boom of the gravitational stabilizer commences after placing the spacecraft into the orbit and completion of the preliminary damping, when the gyroscopes are uncaged. Primarily the boom is the pre-stressed tape wound on the special drum. When the drum starts deploying the tape, it turns into the elastic cylindrical rod with the mass at its tip. The objective of the study is the creation of the generalized mathematical model and the conducting of the computer modelling of the spacecraft dynamics. The equations of motion are worked out with the use of the Lagrangian formalism. The numerical simulation of typical modes of system functioning is conducted. It is shown that the folding and the following deployment of the boom result in the turn of the spacecraft by 180° about the axis of the pitch. The results illustrate the behaviour of the main system variables.     

Determination of the Quasistatic Component of Microaccelerations at the MirStation

We describe the determination of the quasistatic component of microaccelerations, as it was done during the space experiments with the instruments DACON and ALICE-2. This component was calculated using the telemetric information related to the motion of the station with respect to its center of mass. The information consists of the values of the station angular velocity vector and the quaternion which specifies its orientation, determined at discrete instants of time. The quaternion is determined with a step of about 1 min, the angular velocity with a step of about 10 s. The information is used in the following manner. At first, the quaternion components corresponding to some time interval are smoothed by splines. Then, employing the obtained splines and kinematic equations, the angular velocity and acceleration of the station are calculated on this interval. Finally, the microacceleration is calculated as a function of time at the point of the location of the instrument. The data of measurements of the angular velocity are used for the purpose of control. As a rule, the available telemetric information allows one to find the quasi-static component for the entire time interval of carrying out the experiment. Examples of determination of this component for some experiments are presented. A comparison with the results of calculating the microacceleration quasistatic component by other methods is made.     

Estimation of the Probability of Capture into a Resonance Mode of Motion for a Spacecraft during Its Descent in the Atmosphere

The estimation of the probability of capture into a resonance mode of motion is considered for a spacecraft with a small asymmetry during its entry into the atmosphere. It is assumed that the initial conditions of spacecraft motion are distributed uniformly in some sufficiently small domain. The problem is solved for the equations of spacecraft motion linear with respect to the angle of attack. An analytical estimate of the probability of the spacecraft capture into the resonance corresponding to an ascending branch of the velocity head is obtained. The emphasis in the analysis of the estimate is made on the effect of the spacecraft asymmetry type on the probability of capture. A comparison of the estimate with the results of numerical computation is carried out. A model problem concerning the construction of the domain of the spacecraft center of mass locations, most dangerous from the point of view of the realization of the stable resonant modes of motion, is solved.     

Bifurcation Regime of a Synchronous Resonance in the Translational–Rotational Motion of Nonspherical Natural Satellites of Planets

Period-doubling bifurcations of the synchronous spin-orbit resonance in the motion of a nonspherical natural planetary satellite along the elliptic orbit are studied. The satellite spin axis is assumed to coincide with the axis of its largest principal moment of inertia and is perpendicular to the orbital plane. The period-doubling bifurcations take place when the value of satellite's dynamical asymmetry parameter falls in the parametric resonance domain. Theoretical dependences of the amplitude of the bifurcation oscillations of a satellite at the pericenter of its orbit upon the eccentricity and dynamical asymmetry parameter are investigated. Three different methods of calculating the amplitude of bifurcation oscillations are presented and compared. These theoretical estimates can be used to predict the opportunity to observe the bifurcation regime. The possibility of the occurrence of the bifurcation regime in the motion of natural planetary satellites is studied. It is concluded that the bifurcation regime is possible in the motion of Deimos, Epimetheus, Helen, Pandora, and Phobos. Phobos is the most probable candidate for finding the bifurcation regime of a synchronous rotation. The identification of such a regime would allow one to impose stringent constraints on the values of the inertial parameters of the satellite observed.     

The famous son of Ukrainian people V.I. Voznyuk who has provided launch of all ballistic missiles of the cosmodrome Kapustin Yar

The history of the life of V.I. Voznyuk is a history of the phenomenon of the Soviet rocket progress when the engineers with experience of launch of military rocket of small radius of action were testing the ballistic missiles. The remarkable and little-known destiny of Voznuk is the history of the Soviet rocket technology experts who had a severe practical schooling of command by the military forces of the first combat missiles “Katucha” during the grim military years (including the grandiose fight in Stalingrad) and then they have continued to launch the ballistic missiles. V.I. Voznyuk worked as the chief of the first Soviet cosmodrome Kapustin Yar for almost 30 years—since the most difficult moment of its organization. He organized a launch of the first Soviet ballistic missiles R-1, R-2, R-5M of S. Korolev. This report is about the outstanding achievement of the organizing ability of V.I. Voznyuk—about the launch of a missile with a nuclear warhead in 1956. V.I. Voznyuk closes a unique chain in the world of outstanding figures of space-rocket technology who were born or lived in Ukraine from designers of missile up to the organizers of its manufacture and now up to the organizers of the tests of rockets—J. Aizenberg, V. Budnik, O. Baclanov, V. Dogujiev, M. Galasj, N. Gerasuta, V. Gluschko, B. Gubanov, A. Gudimenko, I. Ivanov, G. Kesunjko, B. Konoplev, S. Korolev, V. Kovtunenko, V. Kukuschkin, O. Makarov, A. Nedaivoda, M. Reshetniyov, Yu. Semenov, V. Sergeev, Yu. Smetanin, V. Tchelomey, D. Torchiy, V. Utkin and M. Yangel.     

考虑量测滞后的INS/SAR组合导航非等间隔滤波算法研究

由于INS／SAR组合导航系统中图像匹配定位需要耗用不等的匹配计算时间，从而造成了量测的不等间隔频率输出和量测信息滞后。针对上述问题，采用常规的卡尔曼滤波算法难以获得高的滤波精度。本文首先分析了常规卡尔曼滤波器工作过程；然后在此基础上，提出了采用非等间隔并解决滞后的滤波算法以解决上述问题。本文利用系统状态转移矩阵的特性，设计了相应的非等间隔卡尔曼滤波算法，以解决非等间隔量测的问题；同时，在该非等间隔卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上，提出了解决量测滞后的方案。并通过协方差分析的方法对比分析了常规卡尔曼滤波器，非等间隔卡尔曼滤波器和解决滞后效应的滤波算法三种情况下的滤波精度。仿真结果验证了本文提出的算法具有较高的滤波精度。     

基于反馈线性化和变结构控制的速度饱和伺服系统设计

在大姿态角飞行条件下火箭的伺服机构速度饱和非线性特性相当突出，对火箭姿态控制系统稳定性影响很大，利用小扰动理论对其分析起来比较困难。本文采用输入/输出线性化方法对伺服机构的速度饱和数学模型进行了精确线性化，并在此基础上对线性化系统进行了变结构控制设计，得到了具有鲁棒性的非线性伺服系统控制器。最后，通过数字仿真实例验证了所述方法的有效性。     

质量矩控制飞行器的压心不确定性问题研究

为了减小压心不确定性对质量矩控制的影响,提高活动质量块对系统的控制能力,本文推导了飞行器姿态配平角与压心偏差的关系,分析了压心系数偏差对飞行器控制性能的影响,给出了压心最大容许偏差范围的解析表达式,然后针对压心偏差对飞行器的影响进行了仿真计算,并在此基础上分析了压心测量偏差对质量矩控制飞行器总体参数的要求,提出了几种减小压心不确定性对飞行器控制性能影响的结构布局优化方法。结果表明:对于静稳定导弹,将径向滑块的滑道配置在飞行器的前鼻部,根据任务指标合理地设计各滑块的偏移量等措施都可以减小压心不确定性对质量矩控制的影响。     

某双脉冲发动机燃烧室两相流场数值分析

某双脉冲固体火箭发动机试验后出现一脉冲绝热层纵向烧蚀不均匀现象,一脉冲前段绝热层出现“凹坑”.为了解其原因,应用数值计算方法,采用FLUENT计算平台,对此发动机燃烧室内两相流场进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,由于双脉冲发动机级间通道的存在,使得燃气流在一脉冲燃烧室内出现后台阶流动,气流发生分离再附着过程,气流再附着点附...     

气闸舱泄复压热力过程研究

为满足航天员出舱活动的需要,出舱活动飞船气闸舱在满足载人飞船密封舱一般要求外,还需经历泄压和复压两个热力过程。伴随气闸舱的泄复压过程,舱内空气因泄压而发生热力膨胀降温现象,因复压而出现热力压缩升温现象;复压用气瓶在气闸舱复压过程中压力急剧降低也出现降温现象,其降温程度将影响气闸舱复压后舱内温度水平。运用热力学方法对气闸舱泄复压热力过程进行分析,并通过地面和在轨飞行试验验证了分析的正确性,本文工作将为后续载人航天器气闸舱的热控设计提供参考。