XP过程对软件缺陷影响分析

XP方法测试驱动和多版本发布的实践,决定了软件产品集成测试也是一个增量迭代的过程。用户使用测试对提高产品的可靠性有重要作用。本文探讨XP测试过程对软件缺陷的影响及其缺陷改正效率的度量。     

LDPC码在迭代接收机中的应用

讨论了空时分组编码、正交频分复用(OFDM)系统与低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC码)的迭代译码联合使用的方法.以一个迭代接收机的实例,在Jakes信道模型下对误码性能进行了仿真.结果表明该方法可以有效地提高系统性能.     

地球物理导航中位场下延的迭代正则化方法研究

地磁、重力数据下延是制备地球物理导航基准图的重要内容,而它通常是一个不适定问题,采用常规代数方法求解并不奏效;对此,结合航空地球物理测量和地球物理导航的特点,研究了迭代正则化方法(包括迭代Tikhonov法、Landweber迭代法和截断奇异值分解(TSVD)法)在位场下延中的应用.首先给出了位场下延和迭代正则化的基本理论,然后采用理论位场模型验证了迭代正则化方法在位场下延中的应用可行性,最后分析了迭代正则化方法的下延精度、计算时间和边界效应等性能.由分析结果可知,迭代Tikhonov方法具有最好的综合下延性能,应优先在实际的位场下延中使用.     

奔月轨道的一种求解方法

月球探测器转移轨道的计算通常归结为对商点边值问题的求解，而找到一种计算效率高、迭代次数少、同时具有较好收敛性的算法对于设计者来说是一件很重要的事。本文采用建立在B平面上的参数作为目标轨道参数，改进了状态转移矩阵迭代方法，并与状态转移矩阵方法相结合使用，给出了一种奔月轨道的求解方法。该方法具有计算效率高、迭代次数少的特点，并且对轨道状态量具有良好的线性关系(即对初始条件具有良好的收敛性)。计算算例表明了这种方法的有效性。     

适用于准同步CDMA系统的新型扩频序列集

在准同步CDMA系统中,使用零相关区域(ZCZ)序列能够避免共信道冲突和多址干扰。应用序列偶理论,定义一种新形式的扩频序列集———ZCZ序列偶集合,并介绍一种构造ZCZ序列偶集合的迭代方法。     

基于点云的空间非合作目标初始相对位姿获取

针对空间非合作目标相对位姿解算对点云迭代最近点(ICP)算法迭代初值要求较高，易产生误匹配等问题，提出了一种基于点云分割与点云关键点的ICP初始迭代位姿获取方法。首先，考虑到非合作目标可能具有的高度对称外观，基于LCCP点云分割算法与点云Harris关键点，在已知目标外轮廓点云基础上，设计了点云ICP初始迭代位姿获取方法。该方法具体流程为：点云降采样处理与关键部分提取、关键部分点云多角度预变换处理、最佳点云匹配及初始迭代位姿获取。最后，以某通信卫星模型搭建虚拟验证平台，使用本文提出的方法给出ICP迭代初始位姿并进行对比实验。结果表明，本文提出的点云ICP迭代初始位姿获取方法可有效规避非合作目标高度对称带来的误匹配，可给出较精确的相对位姿。     

基于解析初值的滑翔飞行器轨迹快速规划方法

伪谱法等轨迹规划的直接法借助初始轨迹实现迭代子问题的首次构造，从而启动序列迭代算法。为提高伪谱法迭代过程的收敛效率，以小型滑翔飞行器轨迹规划为背景，建立简化的运动学模型，推导速度倾角、速度关于高度的解析/半解析表达式，实现了高精度初始轨迹的快速生成。仿真表明，相比线性假设、简化数值积分方法，解析方法生成的迭代初值可有效降低伪谱法迭代次数，在保证精度的同时提高了轨迹规划效率。     

基于改进最大期望算法迭代相位检测器的研究

近年来出现的基于最大期望(EM)迭代算法的相位同步算法具有比传统非数据辅助(NDA)相位估计算法更低的相位误差,是适合于Turbo编码系统的一种相位同步算法。然而,EM迭代算法对初值的选取比较敏感,收敛性较差。为了克服EM迭代算法收敛性较差的缺点,提出一种基于改进EM算法的Turbo编码系统迭代相位同步算法。针对EM算法的缺点,用数据辅助(DA)和NDA结合的方法得到的相位估计作为EM算法的初值。数值仿真显示,该方法具有比随机初始化EM算法更好的相位检测性能。     

目标分配问题的模拟退火算法

基于不同退火温度下迭代长度规则和最优解保留策略,提出了一种用于防空指挥、控制、通信和信息(C3I)系统射击效率的最佳目标分配优化的改进模拟退火算法,给出了算法流程.算例表明:对防空C3I系统的目标分配该法具较强的寻优能力和较快的收敛速度,优化结果优于其他方法.     

基于FPGA最大迭代次数可变的LDPC译码器设计

文章给出了一种基于FPGA最大迭代次数可变的LDPC译码器设计方法。与传统的固定的最大迭代次数译码相比,该方法将译码的实际迭代次数少于分配的最大迭代时间用于对下一帧数据的译码,可以有效利用LDPC迭代译码过程中的空闲时间,来提高译码器的译码性能。在同样的数据吞吐率下,有效地提高了译码性能,而在同样的译码性能情况下,有效地降低了使用的FPGA硬件资源。非常适合译码性能要求高条件下实时高速译码器的设计。     

伽利略系统搜救服务端到端验证项目系统概念与性能分析

作为中欧合作伽利略卫星导航项目的重要组成部分,伽利略搜救服务前向链路端到端验证项目是中国区伽利略合作项目中唯一一个系统级项目。项目的主要目的是通过端到端验证项目检验伽利略搜救服务前向链路的服务性能,确认设计技术指标和对本地用户终端地面系统模拟器FLVE的性能预测。文章在此介绍了EEV系统组成和定位方法。在演示验证阶段,EEV项目组还设计了一个软件仿真平台用于在伽利略在轨测试卫星发射之前分析EEV系统性能。进行了由360个地球表面均匀分布的求救信标发射信号被全部伽利略卫星星座转发,时间跨度为15天的定位精度和覆盖范围分析。在FOA和TOA分别达到10μs和0.1Hz的情况下,FLVE定位精度为5km的覆盖范围达到半径5000km。FOA和TOA在恶劣情况下为15μs和0.2Hz的情况下,覆盖范围缩减为4000km,但还是达到了国际同类本地用户终端地面系统的先进水平。     

Measuring performance: Moving NASA Earth science products into the mainstream user community

Demonstrating performance of the applications of Earth observation satellite-based science data products and services is increasingly a requirement of government research agencies. We present efforts from the NASA-funded Earth Observing System Data and Information System's Synergy Project to measure performance in the development of applications from NASA research and development projects. We summarize challenges in monitoring performance and share our experience in evolving metrics over a 5-year project life. We demonstrate how to adapt project management processes and metrics from the information technology (IT) industry to Earth observation applications research and development. A roadmap for adapting IT processes and developing metrics and examples of quantitative and qualitative metrics are provided. Our findings suggest that designing and implementing these IT metrics will enhance project success, as defined by the degree of penetration of NASA products into the user community and level of non-NASA funding secured.     

An alternative strategy process for planning government space programs

This paper presents some thoughts and a methodical approach to the strategic planning of large government projects that takes into account the dynamic development of global problems. Given that an overarching strategic intent is in place and budgetary resources are limited, the methods described herein allow its user to generate and evaluate a set of project proposals according to their individual problem solving potential. In a final step, one is able to select those proposals that are preferable for further planning. Rather than generating detailed programs that are hard to implement in a dynamic environment, the method described herein is only modeling the priorities of different project alternatives. This is less detailed as the plans that result from a classic strategic planning approach, yet is highly usable as a roadmap for implementation. The most important advantage of this approach is its suitability for a dynamic planning with inherent learning cycles that can easily be adapted to dynamic changes in the planning environment. Since change is a well-known phenomenon in space program planning, a paradigm shift towards more flexible and adaptable ways of planning seems to be required.     

Tracking and data relay satellite system: NASA's new spacecraft data acquisition system

The growth in NASA's ground network complexity and cost triggered a search for an alternative. Through a lease service contract, Western Union will provide to NASA 10 years of space communications services with a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). A constellation of four operating satellites in geostationary orbit and a single ground terminal will provide complete tracking, telemetry and command service for all of NASA's Earth orbital satellites below an altitude of 12,000 km. The system is shared: two satellites will be dedicated to NASA service; a third will provide backup as a shared spare; the fourth satellite will be dedicated to Western Union's Advanced Westar commercial service. Western Union will operate the ground terminal and provide operational satellite control. NASA's Network Control Center will provide the focal point for scheduling user services and controlling the interface between TDRSS and the rest of the NASA communications network, project control centers and data processing facilities. TDRSS single access user spacecraft data systems should be designed for efficient time shared data relay support. Reimbursement policy and rate structure for non-NASA users are currently being developed.     

Earth Observation Data Policy and Europe

This paper summarizes the final report of the Earth Observation and Data Policy and Europe (EOPOLE) fixed-term project, set up to review national research on the subject and to make recommendations for its improvement within an EU-wide context. It identifies the major issues to have emerged from the areas of user perspectives, pricing policy, the impact of new technologies on data policy, archiving policy and legal regulation and suggests ways of dealing with them. These include orienting data policies towards specific uses rather than users themselves; presenting a common European voice over the trade and exchange of geo-information via new communication means; and establishing a European-scale think-tank able to provide independent assessments of the economic, legal and international relations questions affecting Earth observation.     

User issues and Earth observation data policy

The second workshop of the EOPOLE project was held in Cosenza, Italy, 10–12 May 1999, organised by Microwave Consultant Engineering (MiCE). Its purpose was to address the user issues related to Earth observation data policy. This report presents the main conclusions of the workshop. The different approaches among lead departments within national governments emerged as one of the main areas of which users in Europe need to be aware.     

Galileo系统在空间飞行器定位中的应用

欧洲的Galileo系统将在2008年建成，届时它将与美国的GPS系统相互补充。在对Galileo系统导航星座轨道和信号结构分析的基础上，结合各种不同轨道高度的空间飞行器用户的动态特点，推导了用户卫星接收天线的可见可用性模型，建立了基于Galileo坐标系统(ITRF-96)的高动态定位算法模型，针对实际航天工程任务的LEO和GEO卫星进行了定位仿真，为Galileo系统在空间领域的实际应用打下了基础。     

火箭飞行过程中的气动交连影响

本文提出了一种火箭飞行中考虑气功交连的气功力矩线性表达式,从而给出了一组考虑姿态交连的姿态角迭代方程组。该方程能较好的反映实际飞行中各姿态角变化的相互关系,并改进了原有单通道迭代方式,使用此组方程能使弹道计算程序自主进行。     

一种分布式区域卫星导航系统定位方法

研究了应用于铁路、内河水运等领域的分布式区域卫星导航系统定位方法。定位方法 采用多站差分方式,分析了多站差分的误差特性、单参考站电离层和对流层误差,提出了基 于伪距修正值投影的多站差分区域导航系统的定位方法。该方法解决现有技术中单差分系统 用户与地面站的距离增加定位误差增大的问题,增加定位精度,同时提高系统的健壮性和覆 盖效率。