基于分子动力学对超晶格结构界面热阻的模拟研究

利用非平衡分子动力学方法对S i/Ge超晶格结构的界面热阻进行模拟。模拟结果表明最靠近高温热浴的界面热阻控制整个结构的热传导性能,并且超晶格结构的周期长度以及温度等因素也会对界面热阻产生不同影响。随着周期长度的增大,界面热阻越来越小,超晶格结构的导热能力增强。受声子非弹性散射机制的影响,界面热阻随温度的升高也逐渐减小。     

La2Zr2O7弹性常数及最低热导率的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的赝势平面波法计算了新型热障涂层陶瓷材料La2Zr2O7的弹性常数和热力学性质。计算结果表明:优化后的La2Zr2O7的晶格常数为1.0934 nm,当O(48f)的位置参数为0.329时其晶胞总能量最低;由计算得到的三个弹性刚度张量C11,C12,C44、体弹性模量B和剪切模量G可知La2Zr2O7的结构非常稳定;La2Zr2O7的杨氏模量E=201.50GPa,泊松比为0.274,同性系数为0.733,具有一定的脆性;计算得到的La2Zr2O7德拜温度为619.4K,等容比热为274.3J.mol-1.K-1,最低热导率为1.31W.m-1.K-1,与利用激光脉冲法在1473K测得的热导率1.55 W.m-1.K-1相比,相差15.48%。     

飞力轮试验盘槽底裂纹损伤容限分析

用有限元和J积分相结合的方法, 确定飞力轮试验盘裂纹尖端参量随裂纹尺寸的变化规律, 并根据材料的断裂韧性确定临界裂纹长度。最后算出裂纹疲劳扩展寿命。计算结果与试验结果基本一致。      

基于金属磁记忆技术的18CrNi4A钢缺口试件疲劳损伤模型

对18CrNi4A钢缺口试件进行了疲劳试验和磁记忆检测,研究了磁信号在疲劳过程中的变化规律,基于连续损伤力学理论,采用磁信号特征参量作为损伤参量,提出了一种新的18CrNi4A钢缺口试件疲劳损伤模型。结果表明,在稳定循环阶段,磁信号随疲劳循环周次增加无显著改变,疲劳裂纹萌生后,磁信号逐渐增加,并在断裂后发生激变。磁信号特征参量绝对值在疲劳过程中表现为三阶段变化特征,随疲劳损伤程度的加剧而逐渐增加。磁信号特征参量绝对值与应力水平存在强烈的相关性,应力水平越大,其值越大。疲劳损伤试验结果与基于磁信号特征参量的疲劳损伤模型显示的疲劳损伤演变规律符合较好。     

金属间化合物Ho2Co17-xSix的磁性能机制研究

研究了非磁性原子Si替代Co对Ho2Co17金属间化合物结构和磁性的影响.X射线衍射表明,所有Ho2Co17-xSix(x=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)化合物都为Th2Ni17型六角结构;化合物的晶格常数和单胞体积都随Si含量的增加而呈线性下降.磁性测量表明,Ho2Co17-xSix化合物的居里温度和饱和磁化强度均随Si含量的增加而呈线性下降.从热磁曲线测量观察到,当0.5≤x≤3.0时Ho2Co17-xSix化合物出现由易面到易轴的自旋重取向,自旋重取向温度Tsr随Si原子含量的增加先下降,而后又上升,在x=2.5处出现最低点.     

加劲板的二维复合型广义J积分

 本文以虚功原理与本构方程为基础导出了加劲板二维复合广义J积分J₁与J₂,证明了它们的收敛性、守恒性并且导出了J₁、J₂与应力强度因子K₁K₁的关系。在此基础上,本文采用两种有限元计算了含有斜裂纹的加劲板应力强度因子。计算结果表明,这个复合广义J积分的守恒性很好,由两种元素所得结果相当一致,相对误差在工程所允许的范围之内。     

金属间化合物Ho_2Co_(17-x)Si_x的磁性能机制研究

研究了非磁性原子Si替代Co对Ho2 Co17金属间化合物结构和磁性的影响。X射线衍射表明 ,所有Ho2 Co17 xSix(x =0 .5 ,1.0 ,1.5 ,2 .0 ,2 .5 ,3.0 )化合物都为Th2 Ni17型六角结构 ;化合物的晶格常数和单胞体积都随Si含量的增加而呈线性下降。磁性测量表明 ,Ho2 Co17 xSix 化合物的居里温度和饱和磁化强度均随Si含量的增加而呈线性下降。从热磁曲线测量观察到 ,当 0 .5≤x≤ 3.0时Ho2 Co17 xSix 化合物出现由易面到易轴的自旋重取向 ,自旋重取向温度Tsr随Si原子含量的增加先下降 ,而后又上升 ,在x =2 .5处出现最低点。     

基于整机振动响应模型的转子支承阻尼分析与试验

以某型航空发动机为例,建立了该发动机整机振动系统模型,对影响整机振动响应的不同结构挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD）建模方法进行重点分析,并通过多位置-多传感器稳定工况振动响应试验验证了模型的准确性。利用整机振动系统模型计算及对该型发动机的滑油中断试验,讨论了燃气发生器前支点（No.1支点）与自由涡轮后支点（No.3支点）处挤压油膜阻尼值对发动机稳定工况振动响应的影响,得出了该发动机整机振动响应随No.1支点油膜阻尼值增大而先减小后增大,随No.3支点油膜阻尼值增大而减小,并且可以通过适当减小No.1支点处挤压油膜阻尼值,实现发动机在最大连续工况下整机振动总量减小43.4%。      

采用线膨胀系数可控ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷模具的钛合金高精度超塑成形

对线膨胀系数可控的ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷模具及钛合金高精度超塑成形进行了系统研究。探讨了TiO2体积分数和相对密度对ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷的线膨胀系数的影响规律,并引入相对密度修正模型——Turner模型来准确预测复合陶瓷材料的线膨胀系数。采用压痕法检测了与TC4钛合金等膨胀系数的ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷模具的超塑成形精度。在925℃下,利用ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷模具进行超塑成形,其使用性能良好。结果表明:ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷的线膨胀系数随TiO2体积分数的增加而减小,随相对密度的增加而增加。采用线膨胀系数优化的ZrO2-TiO2陶瓷模具,成形精度误差大幅降低,不超过0.1%,且陶瓷模具具有足够的热机械性能进行超塑成形,使用性能优良。     

基于双弹簧振子模型的飞艇起落架载荷研究

FAA-P-8110-2《飞艇设计准则》相关条款明确了飞艇起落架载荷的适航规范要求,为了使飞艇起落架 设计更好地满足适航条款,本文提出基于双弹簧振子模型的飞艇起落架载荷计算方法。根据经典动力学理论, 推导飞艇起落架系统的振动微分方程组;运用 Python语言的科学计算模块对模型进行编程、封装,形成便捷友 好的可视化仿真工具;以某载人飞艇型号为研究对象,分析影响起落架载荷的主要因素,并通过仿真计算起落 架载荷。结果表明:提出的基于双弹簧振子模型的飞艇起落架载荷计算模型满足FAA-P-8110-2条款对起落架 载荷计算的要求;在给定的气囊内外压差下,起落架载荷随着气囊压力的增加而减小。     

Particle acceleration by magnetic reconnection and shocks during current loop coalescence in solar flares

This article reviews recent development of the theory of current loop coalescence and shock waves, giving particular attention to particle acceleration caused by these processes. First, explosive reconnection driven by the current loop coalescence and associated particle acceleration are studied by theoretical and magnetohydrodynamic simulation methods and the results are compared with observations of solar flares; this model gives a good explanation for the quasi-periodic structure of some solar flare bursts. Next follows a discussion of particle acceleration in association with fast magnetosonic shock waves. It is shown theoretically and by relativistic particle simulation that a quasi-perpendicular shock wave can accelerate trapped ions in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field up to speeds much greater than the Alfvén speed, . When the ambient magnetic field is rather strong ( _{ce pe} ), both ions and electrons can be accelerated to relativistic energies. For both the nonrelativistic and relativistic cases, the time needed for the acceleration is very short; it is for the ions. These results are compared with the rapid and simultaneous acceleration of ions and electrons in the impulsive phase of solar flares.     

机动飞行非线性解耦控制

给出了非线性解耦系统平衡点的计算公式。用微分几何控制理论研究了飞机非线性运动的 3种解耦运动模式,并用这 3种模式实现了 3种形式的敏捷性机动和直接升力控制的 3种基本模式,即 An,α1和α2 模式。计算结果表明,给出的 3种解耦模式能精确地实现这些运动模式。为飞机敏捷性和直接力控制问题提供了一种理论研究方法     

基于Gauss-Newton法的L1数据拟合

在数据拟合中，当个别数据存在较大测量误差时，采用Ｌ１准则对数据进行拟合要优于最小二乘准则。本文通过建立Ｌ１准则与最小二乘准则之间的关系，给出了一种基于Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ法的Ｌ１数据拟合自满。计算结果表明，该方法易于理解，便于编程，具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。     

Pulsar Timing and Its Application for Navigation and Gravitational Wave Detection

Pulsars are natural cosmic clocks. On long timescales they rival the precision of terrestrial atomic clocks. Using a technique called pulsar timing, the exact measurement of pulse arrival times allows a number of applications, ranging from testing theories of gravity to detecting gravitational waves. Also an external reference system suitable for autonomous space navigation can be defined by pulsars, using them as natural navigation beacons, not unlike the use of GPS satellites for navigation on Earth. By comparing pulse arrival times measured on-board a spacecraft with predicted pulse arrivals at a reference location (e.g. the solar system barycenter), the spacecraft position can be determined autonomously and with high accuracy everywhere in the solar system and beyond. We describe the unique properties of pulsars that suggest that such a navigation system will certainly have its application in future astronautics. We also describe the on-going experiments to use the clock-like nature of pulsars to “construct” a galactic-sized gravitational wave detector for low-frequency (\(f_{GW}\sim 10^{-9} \text{--} 10^{-7}\) Hz) gravitational waves. We present the current status and provide an outlook for the future.     

Sensitivity Functions for Linear Discrete Systems with Applications

z-transform techniques are employed to establish general symmetry and simultaneity properties of the first sensitivity functions of the phase-canonical form of single-input, nth-order, linear, constant, discrete-time, controllable systems. It is demonstrated that computation of the first sensitivity function requires one nth-order model in addition to the system model. This simultaneity property is extended to arbitrary single-input, nth-order, linear, constant, discrete systems. In complete analogy with results presented for continuous systems, symmetry and simultaneity properties may be established for the computation of the /th sensitivity function begin{equation*}^{l}beta^{y} triangleq frac{partial^{l}y_{i}}{partialalpha_{Jl}partialalpha_{Jl-1}cdotspartialalpha_{J2}partialalpha_{J1}}|_{alpha=alpha_{0}} {rm for} substack{i = 1,2,ldots,n\ J_{k} = 1,2,ldots,n\ k = 1,2,ldots,l.}end{equation*} Extension of these results to multi-input systems is also mentioned. The usefulness of the simultaneity property is illustrated by applying the results to the design of a low-sensitivity optimal control law.     

采用双模压缩态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪研究CSCD

对采用双模压缩态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪进行了理论研究,采用角动量理论首次推导了双模压缩态输入的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的相位检测灵敏度,并证明了当光子数足够大时,可以达到海森堡极限。针对采用双模压缩态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的二阶符合计数探测方案远未达到海森堡极限的情况,通过考察光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪各输出态的二阶符合计数对总的二阶相关光强的贡献,发现二阶符合计数探测方案存在量子增强信息的抵消,也即其中一个接收端光子数为偶数的输出态和光子数为奇数的输出态的二阶符合计数形成互补的倍频干涉条纹,进而相互抵消。因此,需要优化探测方案,提取完整的量子增强信息,才能实现海森堡极限的相位检测灵敏度。     

Seismic Coupling of Short-Period Wind Noise Through Mars’ Regolith for NASA’s InSight Lander

NASA’s InSight lander will deploy a tripod-mounted seismometer package onto the surface of Mars in late 2018. Mars is expected to have lower seismic activity than the Earth, so minimisation of environmental seismic noise will be critical for maximising observations of seismicity and scientific return from the mission. Therefore, the seismometers will be protected by a Wind and Thermal Shield (WTS), also mounted on a tripod. Nevertheless, wind impinging on the WTS will cause vibration noise, which will be transmitted to the seismometers through the regolith (soil). Here we use a 1:1-scale model of the seismometer and WTS, combined with field testing at two analogue sites in Iceland, to determine the transfer coefficient between the two tripods and quantify the proportion of WTS vibration noise transmitted through the regolith to the seismometers. The analogue sites had median grain sizes in the range 0.3–1.0 mm, surface densities of \(1.3\mbox{--}1.8~\mbox{g}\,\mbox{cm}^{-3}\), and an effective regolith Young’s modulus of \(2.5^{+1.9}_{-1.4}~\mbox{MPa}\). At a seismic frequency of 5 Hz the measured transfer coefficients had values of 0.02–0.04 for the vertical component and 0.01–0.02 for the horizontal component. These values are 3–6 times lower than predicted by elastic theory and imply that at short periods the regolith displays significant anelastic behaviour. This will result in reduced short-period wind noise and increased signal-to-noise. We predict the noise induced by turbulent aerodynamic lift on the WTS at 5 Hz to be \(\sim2\times10^{-10}~\mbox{ms}^{-2}\,\mbox{Hz}^{-1/2}\) with a factor of 10 uncertainty. This is at least an order of magnitude lower than the InSight short-period seismometer noise floor of \(10^{-8}~\mbox{ms}^{-2}\,\mbox{Hz}^{-1/2}\).     

The OSIRIS-REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) Instrument

The OSIRIS-REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) will provide remote measurements of mineralogy and thermophysical properties of Bennu to map its surface, help select the OSIRIS-REx sampling site, and investigate the Yarkovsky effect. OTES is a Fourier Transform spectrometer covering the spectral range 5.71–100 μm (\(1750\mbox{--}100~\mbox{cm}^{-1}\)) with a spectral sample interval of \(8.66~\mbox{cm}^{-1}\) and a 6.5-mrad field of view. The OTES telescope is a 15.2-cm diameter Cassegrain telescope that feeds a flat-plate Michelson moving mirror mounted on a linear voice-coil motor assembly. A single uncooled deuterated l-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLATGS) pyroelectric detector is used to sample the interferogram every two seconds. Redundant ～0.855 μm laser diodes are used in a metrology interferometer to provide precise moving mirror control and IR sampling at 772 Hz. The beamsplitter is a 38-mm diameter, 1-mm thick chemical vapor deposited diamond with an antireflection microstructure to minimize surface reflection. An internal calibration cone blackbody target provides radiometric calibration. The radiometric precision in a single spectrum is \(\leq2.2 \times 10^{-8}~\mbox{W}\,\mbox{cm}^{-2}\,\mbox{sr} ^{-1}/\mbox{cm}^{-1}\) between 300 and \(1350~\mbox{cm}^{-1}\). The absolute integrated radiance error is \(<1\%\) for scene temperatures ranging from 150 to 380 K. The overall OTES envelope size is \(37.5 \times 28.9 \times 52.2~\mbox{cm}\), and the mass is 6.27 kg. The power consumption is 10.8 W average. OTES was developed by Arizona State University with Moog Broad Reach developing the electronics. OTES was integrated, tested, and radiometrically calibrated on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe, AZ.