水听器复数灵敏度的激光法校准

利用激光测振技术直接检测声场作用下的水介质质点振速,通过推算得到声场中该点声压的幅值和相位,从而可精确校准水听器的复数灵敏度.利用该技术,我们在10～100 kHz频段建立了一套水听器复数灵敏度的校准装置.本文简要介绍了装置的校准原理、方法以及各组成部分,并对Φ20球形水听器进行实验测试.结果表明,激光测振技术是一种有效的校准水听器复数灵敏度的方法,校准结果具有很高的精度.     

普通单模光纤波片及偏振控制器的研究

本文介绍了基于普通单模光纤弯曲双折射效应而构成的光纤波片装置原理及设计方法。通过实验研究得到了对氦氖激光(波长0.6328μm)光纤半波片及1/4波片的最佳结构参数。这种光纤波片制作简单,尺寸小,是干涉型光纤传感器中进行偏振态控制以实现全光纤系统的重要元件。     

日本干涉型光纤陀螺的应用研究

本文概要地介绍日本ＪＡＥ、三菱、日立、住友有关干涉型光纤陀累开发与应用方面的进展情况，目前在日本低、中精度的干涉型光纤陀螺已进行实用阶段，而高精度干涉型光纤陀螺尚处于试制阶段。     

基于自回归与最小均方理论的振动环境下 光纤陀螺仪滤波方法

针对振动应力下光纤陀螺产生测量误差增大的问题,从振动对光纤环的影响机理出发,分析了振动应力下光纤陀螺干涉信号的表现形式,提出了基于自回归最小均方滤波理论的光纤陀螺滤波方法,将AR模型的平稳性和最小均方根滤波的自适应性相结合,提取平稳数据的特性参数,对高频信号进行滤波,降低非互易相移产生陀螺角速度误差值的干扰.试验表明,该方法简单可行,有效地降低了振动应力下光纤陀螺输出信息的噪声,抑制了由振动引起的陀螺漂移.     

光子晶体光纤在光纤陀螺中的应用现状及其关键技术

光子晶体光纤技术发展迅速,凭借其自身材料的突出优势已经在干涉式光纤陀螺中得到了应用。从光子晶体光纤的原理出发,阐述了光子晶体光纤的国内外研究现状和应用于光纤陀螺的潜在优势。同时针对两型光子晶体光纤陀螺:干涉式光子晶体光纤陀螺和谐振式光子晶体光纤陀螺,综述了陀螺层级的国内外研究现状及目前面临的主要技术问题,最后提出了光子晶体光纤陀螺后续发展需要攻克的技术瓶颈。     

光纤陀螺的温度实验与仿真分析

热致非互易相移的存在影响了光纤陀螺的工作精度.通过对热致非互易相移的分析,把握了该相移与光纤陀螺温度特性的关系.在此基础上,进行了光纤陀螺的温度实验与仿真分析.结果表明,仿真分析光纤陀螺的整体温度分布是可行的;温度实验与仿真分析相结合的办法有助于光纤陀螺温度特性的把握.     

日本光纤陀螺的应用与研究

综述日本研制光纤陀螺的三家主要公司三菱精密，日本航空电子和日立电线在干涉型光纤陀螺的应用与研究方面所取得的成就。目前，中低，精度的干涉型光纤陀螺已经进入实际应用领域成为商业产品，而高精度的干涉型光纤陀螺已进入实际应用研究的最后阶段。     

激光器驱动干涉型光纤陀螺光源相位调制技术研究

激光器驱动干涉型光纤陀螺的优点是潜在精度高、标度因数稳定性好等,在飞机、舰船惯性导航以及其他高性能领域具有广泛的应用前景。当然,干涉型光纤陀螺采用高相干光源面临诸多技术挑战,如相干瑞利散射、Kerr效应、偏振交叉耦合、Faraday效应等引起的漂移和噪声。采用宽线宽激光器可以抑制这些误差。针对激光器驱动干涉型光纤陀螺中加宽激光器线宽、降低激光器相干性的几种相位调制技术以及线宽加宽抑制噪声的效果进行了理论分析和评估。     

鱼雷过靶距离测试方法

通过分析模拟被鱼雷攻击目标的状态,提出了四点布阵测距和二点布阵测距的水听器配置方案,利用坐标转换、中心点法、最小距离法进行距离解算,可有效地对鱼雷过靶距离进行测试,同时,可利用深度信息对二点布阵测距的微量误差进行修正.     

一种全光纤激光干涉测速仪的研究

应用全光纤激光干涉测速原理,搭建了一套由单模光纤和光纤耦合器组成的全光纤测速仪。通过与激光测振仪的比对实验得到了相对偏差小于1.4%的测速结果,实验利用Hopkinson杆冲击产生标准速度源,提供20.86 m/s瞬时标准参考速度时,实测速度为20.57 m/s。验证了全光纤激光干涉测速仪的可行性。     

分布式光纤布里渊散射应变传感器参数计算

介绍了由布里渊散射机理构成的分布式光纤应变传感器,首次推导出了布里渊散射光相对于入射光的频移与光纤应变的关系及有关参数的理论计算公式。计算结果表明：光纤中由应变引起的布里渊频移变化主要是通过调制杨氏模量实现的;其布里渊频移为几十GHz,由应变引起的布里渊频移变化量为几十MHz.其理论与实验数据基本吻合。     

一种新型结构非本征光纤F-P传感器全应变测量性能研究

光纤传感器作为一种新的测量信息传输方式,在航空发动机部件材料高温测量领域具有重要的应用价值。基于多光束干涉原理,制作一种新型结构的非本征光纤 Fabry-Perot（F-P）传感器,探索其在航空发动机部件材料室温/高温环境静力拉伸试验过程中的变形测量性能。采用平板和圆棒两种形状的试样,在不同表面粗糙度和两种加载速率下,分别对比高级视频引伸计（AVE）进行室温、高温环境下静力拉伸试验。结果表明：新型结构的非本征光纤 F-P 传感器具有测量范围大,测量精度高,测量结果不受外界因素影响等优势,可实现航空发动机部件材料的超量程全应变测量;此外,在测量精度和设备体积方面明显优于 AVE。     

光纤F—P腔压力传感器的研究进展

光纤F—P腔压力传感器因其独有的优点广泛应用于军事、民用领域。国内外诸多高校、科研院所都在对其进行研究。本文介绍了光纤F—P腔压力传感器的研究进展,对全光纤结构F-P压力传感器、激光加工微型光纤压力传感器、二氧化硅膜片压力传感器的结构和制作过程进行了总结,并对利用MEMS制作压力传感器的工艺进行了详述,对比分析了不同加工工艺下传感器的性能及其优缺点。     

Laser Interferometer for High Sensitivity Measurements on Transient Phase Objects

A He-Ne laser beam is sent through a common path differential interferometer and the interference signal is detected by a p-i-n photodiode. Weak phase objects can be examined because optical path changes can be resolved to 0.1 ? with a time resolution of about 20 ns. Examples for different gas-dynamic investigations show good results and demonstrate the wide field of application for this type of laser interferometer.     

A fiber-optic current sensor for aerospace applications

A robust, accurate, broadband, AC sensor using fiber optics that is being developed for space applications at power frequencies as high as 20 kHz is described. It can also be used in low- and high-voltage 60-Hz terrestrial power systems and in 400-Hz aircraft systems. It is intrinsically immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and has the added benefit of excellent isolation. The sensor uses the Faraday effect in optical fiber and standard polarimetric measurements to sense electrical current. The primary component of the sensor is a specially treated coil of single-mode optical fiber, through which the current-carrying conductor passes. Improved precision is accomplished by temperature compensation by means of signals from a novel fiber-optic temperature sensor embedded in the sensing head. The technology used in the sensor is discussed, and the results of precision tests conducted at various temperatures within the wide operating range as well as the results of early EMI tests are reported     

光电缆的分布式温度传感网络

提出增加一根光纤光栅与光电缆绕制在一起，用于监测电缆中的实时温度。采朋有限元分析方法，建立了光电缆温度场模型。使用可调谐脉冲激光作为系统光源，在一条光纤上刻制多个相同中心波长的布拉格光栅，即采用全同光栅作为系统的温度传感器，当光电缆线路中温度发生异常时，反射回来的光栅中心波长发生偏移，通过检测反射光中心波长发生的偏移量可以确定光栅温度变化的大小。不同位置的光栅返回光信号所需的时间不同，通过检测和计算光返回的不同时间，可以计算出发生温度变化的光栅位置。实验结果表明，光栅的温度敏感性可以达到11．4pm／℃，光栅的测量温度与实际温度的误差在3％范围内。     

BN/SiBCN light-leakage-proof coatings of silica optical fiber for long term sensors at high temperatures

SiBCN and BN/SiBCN light-leakage-proof coatings were prepared on silica optical fibers for sensing applications at high temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology and microstructure of the coated fiber. Mechanical and optical properties of the coated fiber were characterized by Raman, optical and tensile tests. Compared with the original fiber, the tensile strength of SiBCN and BN/SiBCN coated fiber show an increase of about 60% and 90% at room temperature, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength of BN/SiBCN coated silica optical fiber was increased by about 42% at 700 °C. It has been found that the improvement of the strength of BN/SiBCN coated silica optical fiber is related to the healing of defects and residual compressive stress in fibers. From the light transmittance performance of the coated fiber, it was found that BN/SiBCN double coating could be an ideal total reflection solution to protect silica optical fiber from light leakage during high temperature sensing operation.     

Optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing

During flight, aircraft avionics transmit and receive RF signals to/from antennas over coaxial cables. As the density and complexity of onboard avionics increases, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment degrades proportionately, leading to decreasing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and potential safety concerns. The coaxial cables are inherently lossy, limiting the RF signal bandwidth while adding considerable weight. To overcome these limitations, we have investigated a fiber optic communications link for aircraft that utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to support the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals (including RF) over a single optical fiber. Optical fiber has many advantages over coaxial cable, particularly lower loss, greater bandwidth, and immunity to EMI. In this paper, we demonstrate that WDM can be successfully used to transmit multiple RF signals over a single optical fiber with no appreciable signal degradation. We investigate the transmission of FM and AM analog modulated signals, as well as FSK digital modulated signals, over a fiber optic link (FOL) employing WDM. We present measurements of power loss, delay, SNR, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), total harmonic distortion (THD), and bit error rate (BER). Our experimental results indicate that WDM is a fiber optic technology suitable for avionics applications.     

Research of Optical Fiber Coil Winding Model Based on Large-deformation Theory of Elasticity and Its Application

Optical fiber coil winding model is used to guide proper and high precision coil winding for fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) application. Based on the large-deformation theory of elasticity, stress analysis of optical fiber free end has been made and balance equation of infinitesimal fiber is deduced, then deformation equation is derived by substituting terminal conditions. On condition that only axial tensile force exists, approximate curve equation has been built in small angle deformation scope. The comparison of tangent point longitudinal coordinate result between theory and approximation gives constant of integration, and expression with tangent point as origin of coordinate is readjusted. Analyzing the winding parameters of an example, it is clear that the horizontal distance from the highest point of wheel to fiber tangent point has millimeter order of magnitude and significant difference with fiber tension variation, and maintains invariant when wheel radius changes. The height of tension and accurate position of tangent point are defined for proper fiber guide. For application to fiber optic gyroscope, spiral-disc winding method and nonideal deformation of straddle section are analyzed, and then spiral-disc quadrupole pattern winding method has been introduced and realized by winding system. The winding results approve that the winding model is applicable.