The future of transportation systems

The emergence of a world-wide duopoly in the design and production of large commercial aircraft at the end of the 1990s and cutbacks in aerospace and defense has put significant pressure on the number of avionics manufacturers. A similar duopoly exists very nearly for US military aircraft. In 1999, mergers created two large avionic suppliers in the USA. European avionics suppliers have also been consolidating. At worst, these larger entities will have a negative effect upon US aerospace employment, and further discourage the best and brightest engineers. Commuter and general aviation, where competition still reigns (more than ten manufacturers exist in 2000), may lead the avionics charge into the future     

国外军用飞机航空电子系统发展趋势

介绍了国外军用飞机航空电子系统结构的演变、各种航空电子系统结构的特点以及这些系统系统结构的具体应用;分析了国外军用飞机航空电子系统的发展趋势以及未来航空电子领域一些关键技术。     

基于传输性能降级约束的机载网络可靠性研究

为提高因出现故障而导致网络设备资源不足时机载网络的可靠性,定义了两种机载网络传输性能降级约束,降级约束使用3个参数精确描述机载网络中消息实例传输成功或失败的数量及其分布.提出动态失效、关键函数和最小确定性将来序列等概念来对网络传输性能降级约束进行理论分析:通过计算关键函数值预先确定下一条消息实例传输失败是否会产生动态失...     

CCSDS命令与数据获取业务应用分析

针对传统星载数据管理系统应用层与数据访问层耦合度高,应用软件进行设备访问时须了解底层硬件细节、软件复用率低等问题,研究了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)制定的CDAS(Command and Data Acquisition Service,命令与数据获取业务)的功能、特点及其工作原理,结合新一代综合电子系统的硬件模块功能特点,深入分析了如何在综合电子系统中实现CDAS.CDAS已在某预研课题综合电子样机中应用,测试试验表明,CDAS应用于综合电子系统可以为上层应用提供便捷的设备访问服务,为综合电子系统实现任务规划等复杂功能提供有力的技术保障.     

Digital Electronics Where We are and Where We are Going

The paper synopsizes the current situation with regard to the nature of the red as well as the blue-grey forces as their capabilities impact future avionics systems. The paper describes today's climate as it relates to the avionics posture of the current and future fighter air forces, congressional desires and budgetary direction. The paper describes the current US Air Force response in the terms of modular systems. The benefits of modular avionics systems are delineated and the impact of software on this new hardware approach are explained. The way to the future is postulated in terms of the threat versus force posturing and the impact on both today's and future weapons systems. The paper concludes with several recommendations which, while they will somewhat alter traditional industrial relationships, will also address the future avionics needs of the US Armed Force.     

Avionics for Aeronautical Systems

Advancements in technology have led to increased demand for avionics in airborne applications. Although aeronautical system suppliers have implemented improved procedures and design approaches which are generally effective, challenges continue to exist. This paper explores several areas where overall aeronautical system design might be improved by proper emphasis on avionic subsystem design. The topics selected include standardization, weight impact, environmental control, maintainability, and avionic equipment growth. Comparisons are made in terms of ultimate cost to the aeronautical system user.     

High-speed avionic optical fiber CDMA networks

With applications of systems integration technology to advanced aircrafts, high-speed and high-capacity optical fiber communication networks should be employed to support airborne broadband communication services. To guarantee real-time multiuser communications over a network, the selection of medium-access schemes is critical for avionics applications. In this paper, we briefly discuss the issues on high-speed multiple-access techniques and their applicability. Then we focus on the design and operation aspects of avionic optical fiber code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks. Some practical considerations on implementing such a CDMA network are also addressed and further improvement is pointed out. It is shown that avionic optical fiber CDMA networks can find a use in real-time avionic sensor data distribution, data exchange, and computer interconnects     

载人航天器推进系统健康监测的组件技术研究

为了适应载人航天器推进系统多发动机的分布式结构,提高健康监测系统的可靠性,应用组件技术构造了分布式多智能组件集成的健康监测系统,给出了组件之间的协调修正和决策算法。原型系统仿真结果表明,该技术比传统的面向对象（ＯＯＰ）技术更适用于分布式系统,可应用于载人航天器推进系统的健康监测。     

新一代多用途载人飞船概念研究

在"神舟"载人飞船进入成熟稳定期后,中国有必要尽早启动新一代多用途载人飞船的论证和研制。本文对国外新一代载人飞船的技术方案特点、新的设计理念及发展现状进行了分析,从适应多任务、降低运营成本、钝头体气动外形、更高安全可靠性以及新型轻质材料使用等多个方面总结了国外新一代载人飞船的技术发展趋势。初步分析了中国发展新一代载人飞船的近地轨道、载人登月、载人登小行星、载人登火星等任务需求,基本确定了新一代飞船的总体性能参数,并在此基础上梳理了新一代载人飞船技术途径,初步提出了两种方案设想,为中国新一代载人飞船的研制提供参考。     

第三代飞机航空电子系统集成

介绍了航电系统集成实施的背景，叙述了为完成系统集成工作组建的系统集成环境，开发的数字化检验系统、建立的质量保障体系以及航电系统集成工作所取得的初步效果。     

1553 emulation over ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)-a hybridavionics communications architecture

The issue of meeting the higher communications requirements of future aircraft avionics systems in an incremental manner is addressed. A communications architecture is proposed which is based upon a switched network technology from the telecommunications area asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). However, the major step of migrating all existing avionics equipment into an ATM compliant form is avoided by the process of “emulating” a current avionics data bus such as MIL-STD-1553B over an ATM network. This allows current 1553 subsystems to co-exist with ATM compliant equipment on a single physical ATM network     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。     

Optical communication systems for avionics

Avionic information processing and transmission requirements are increasing geometrically, with no end in sight, The only feasible way to meet them is to incorporate fiber-optic communication systems into avionic platforms, Such systems can be employed to replace standard electronic components, to augment existing systems, or to enable new technologies. In this paper, we survey the field of low-power communication systems from the avionics engineering perspective. We review the fundamental merits of optical fiber for information transmission and discuss various information modulation schemes. These modulation techniques determine the performance requirements for laser transmitters, We describe the horizontal- and vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers currently available for these systems, and measure their performance against the additional environmental constraints of avionics platforms. Finally, we outline expected near- and far-term trends in system and device development     

航空电子设备远程智能故障诊断与监测系统的研究

在传统远程故障诊断结构的基础上,以Agent为基本单元,构造了一种航空电子设备远程智能故障诊断与监测系统模型,并对智能诊断与监控系统的任务分解、组成结构、实现方法和关键技术进行了分析研究。利用多Agent技术是未来复杂设备故障诊断的发展方向,将对实现设备的智能故障诊断产生巨大的推动作用。     

Designing to MIL-STD-2165: Testability

The V-22 avionic hardware is the first to be designed under MIL-STD-2165 testability program requirements. This paper presents an overview of the avionics design-for-testability approach and lessons learned to date relative to the application of MIL-STD-2165. The paper will discuss incorporation of testability requirements up front in the avionics design which will drive the supportability philosophy at both the Organizational and Depot levels of maintenance. The paper will compare previous avionics hardware testability requirements versus those applied to the V-22 avionics and highlight areas of improvement. A discussion of testability design impacts on reduced level of testing (i.e. WRA/SRA/System) will be included. In addition, the paper discusses an innovative approach to meeting the user requirements for a man-portable forward deployed maintenance capability that forms the basis for a two level support scenario (Organizational and Depot). The innovation comes from the fact that the on-board Central Integrated Checkout system will provide data as well as fault isolation and will use this data as a mechanism to reduce the size and complexity of the stimulus and measurement hardware at either the Organizational or Depot level depending on the deployment requirements.     

民用直升机闪电间接效应适航验证方法研究

随着技术的进步,越来越多的现代高技术航空电子系统在直升机上得到应用。在提高系统灵敏度的同时,也带来了闪电间接效应防护问题。在分析闪电间接效应防护的适航要求的基础上,结合AC313型机适航验证结果,提出适航验证方法,对其它直升机闪电间接效应防护有一定的参考价值。     

斜向弹性支撑飞船座椅缓冲性能

当出现具有较大水平速度的斜冲击着陆工况时,飞船座椅头盆向冲击过载可能危及航天员生命安全。在现有的胸背向着陆冲击过载缓冲机构的基础上,引入座椅斜向弹性支撑模型,建立了斜向弹性支撑座椅缓冲系统的动力学模型。对具有较大水平速度的斜冲击着陆工况的仿真结果表明,相比于现有的铰接支撑缓冲系统,适当参数组合下的斜向弹性支撑座椅缓冲系统能有效降低航天员头盆向冲击过载且不增加胸背向冲击过载;综合支撑角度、刚度和阻尼各个参数影响规律,可以得到优化的座椅设计方案。     

基于标准总线的航电系统测试与维护策略

随着航电系统越来越依赖于复杂的电子系统,以及电子产品的微型化,测试成为解决航电系统可靠性和维修性的关键。在分析基于标准测试总线的测试性技术的标准体系之后,介绍了将边界扫描技术应用于板级测试,系统级测试以及产品现场维护的测试性设计的一种方法。     

ILS-past and present

Insight is provided into the evolution of VHF/UHF instrument landing system (ILS) equipment and the role of the US Civil Aeronautics and Federal Aviation Administrations in its development. The discussion covers the ILS localizer, glide slope (image arrays and nonimage arrays), marker beacon, reliability, and avionics     

Design by extrapolation: an evaluation of fault tolerant avionics

Over the past 30 years, safety-critical avionics systems such as Fly-By-Wire (FBW) flight controls, full-authority digital engine controls, and other systems have been introduced on many commercial and military airplanes and spacecraft. Early FBW systems, such as on the F-16 and Airbus A320, were considered revolutionary and introduced with extreme caution. These early systems and their successors all make use of redundant and fault-tolerant avionics to provide the required dependability and safety, but have used significantly different architectures. This paper examines the different levels of criticality and fault tolerance required by different types of avionics systems, establishes architectural categories of fault-tolerant architectures, and identifies the discriminating features of the varied approaches. Examples of discriminators include the level of redundancy, methods of engaging backup systems, protection from software errors, and the use of dissimilar hardware and software. The strengths and weaknesses of the approaches will be identified. The paper concludes with some speculation on trends for future systems based on this evaluation of previous systems