Data link communication equipment approved by USAF for civil air traffic control

Operations within civil airspace will transition from traditional ground-based air traffic control (ATC) to air traffic management (ATM), a concept that requires aircrews and ground managers to share responsibility of aircraft separation assurance. Increased levels of information exchange will be necessary for this concept to work safely; therefore, air-ground communications will transition from voice to data link communications. The nature of data link communications procurement requires that avionics suppliers not only verify their products meet contractual performance requirements, but also demonstrate that their products are compatible with civil communication networks and ATC. In addition, the USAF needs to demonstrate that their crew-training program is adequate to maintain the required level of aircrew proficiency and equipment can be maintained for the required level of system performance, integrity, and interoperability with the civil environment. This paper outlines some of the certification issues facing the USAF with respect to the "Approval for Use" of data link equipment to be used for communication with ATC. It will also suggest a methodology for the avionics supplier and USAF to obtain the approvals required to ensure the installation of data link communications equipment on military aircraft will remain interoperable with civil ATC.     

Open systems avionics network to replace MIL-STD-1553

This paper is a proposal for a future method of avionics data communication. The need for this proposal results from the shortcomings in the current avionics architecture, video distribution network, and in the MIL-STD-1553 data communication system. The separately wired video and data communication systems can be combined to save weight, which is especially critical for rotorcraft. Aircraft, once fielded, have limited capacity for modification and improvement due to fixed computer throughput and processing performance, network bandwidth, and space available in the avionics equipment bays. The changes proposed by this paper are to be made in conjunction with the replacement of the redundant computer boxes with open system avionics functions on industry standard circuit cards. This open architecture approach was developed over the last ten years and is now being implemented in many aircraft applications including the F-22 and the RAH-66 programs. The V-22 rotorcraft, which although just entering production, is being modified for joint service customers where modern computer performance and expanded data network bandwidth is needed. The changes of this proposal will fill this need, reduce the weight of upcoming production models, and provide growth or spare capability so that additional video and data components can be added with minimal effect on existing components. This paper examines the current V-22 avionics video and data communication hardware and wiring and propose a new implementation of open system architecture standards with integrated digital video and data communication based on ANSI standard copper fibre channel     

飞机接口组件仿真器设计

飞机接口组件仿真器主要完成对飞机航电系统中的非1553B总线信号设备的仿真。按要求产生相应的离散量信号、模拟量信号、同步机信号等非1553B总线信号传给总线控制/信号转换器(BC/IFU)。是飞机航电系统仿真试验室进行全系统仿真关键设备。     

航空电子通信系统关键技术问题的浅析

现代航空电子综合化技术的发展大大提高了军用飞机的性能 ,信息综合化技术中最重要的技术之一就是航空电子通信技术。基于MIL -STD— 15 5 3B总线 ,本文分析了航空电子通信系统设计中若干关键性问题的解决途径。最后着重说明了某机载ACT飞控系统 15 5 3B总线通信网络的实现技术。     

航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553通信网络接口验证测试

MIL-STD-1553数据总线为航空电子系统提供了一个系统支撑数据交换网络,它是航空电子系统集成的纽带,其通信完成的质量直接影响航空电子系统设计的成败。本文首先介绍了航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553基于OSI模型的通信终端的基本结构;然后给出了对网络接口执行测试的内容,包括MIL-STD-1553标准协议验证测试、应用网络通信协议验证测试和实时通信验证测试。这三种类型的测试将全面验证MIL-STD-1553通信终端的设计是否满足MIL-STD-1553标准通信协议及航空电子系统通信协议的要求。     

虚拟仪器在1553B总线通信系统中的应用

现代航空通信系统大多建立MIL－STD－1553B多路传输数据总线通信网络基础上，应用于1553B总线通信系统中的虚拟仪器技术实时监控／回放总线信息，分析故障原因，协助验证总线设计。本文就虚拟仪器在1553B总线通信系统中的应用进行了初步探讨。     

光纤通道在基于MIL-STD-1553的航空电子系统网络中的应用

光纤通道作为新一代的航空电子系统通信网络技术,具有传输速度高、延时低、传输距离远和可靠性高等特性,高达4G bps的数据传输带宽,为其上层通信协议提供了一种通用的高速率的数据传输通道。FC-1553作为光纤通道上层通信协议之一,对MIL-STD-1553通信协议具有完全的兼容性,它继承了传统MIL-STD-1553通信协议的基本特征,实现了向光纤通道链路层的映射,从而扩展了通信网络的结构,提高了网络的通信能力。本文首先介绍MIL-STD-1553和光纤通道的基本特性,然后描述在光纤通道中对1553通信协议的映射,最后,提出了基于光纤通道和MIL-STD-1553的航空电子系统通信网络结构。     

分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统研究

介绍一个分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统。该系统以航空电子综合化工程中一个分系统为仿真目标,由两层双余度1553B总线和MBI(multiplex bus interface)将AVS(Avionics simulator)、SSCU(subsystem control unit)、若干个EQS(equipment simulator)以及部分真实设备连成的三级分布式计算机系统。一个面向实时控制的分布式操作系统和相应的仿真软件分布在三级仿真器中;其中,分布式操作系统实现两级总线的衔接、通信控制、并行多任务管理、错误检测、故障处理和实时内存数据库管理,仿真软件模拟航空电子上层环境、操作员控制与显示、分系统各设备数据产生与接收数据处理以及信息处理应用任务。系统研制成功为工程化实现打下了技术基础并提供了一个实验环境。     

满足航电通信系统要求的ACE-MBI设计

多路传输总线通信接口(MBI)是航空电子系统的通信基石,航空电子系统的任一分系统都要通过MBI才能进入1553B通信系统中.在MBI中最关键的器件是1553B协议芯片.本文详述了采用BU-61586芯片设计的与型号任务使用的UT-MBI兼容的新MBI的设计方案.     

Open systems architecture solutions for military avionics testing

Raytheon makes extensive use of open systems architecture methods in developing special test equipment (STE) for testing military avionics equipment. Such use has resulted in significant cost and schedule savings in the development of production test equipment for radar and infrared systems. With open systems architectures, a test system can be assembled using COTS products. This brings economies of scale to test equipment, which is normally built in very low quantities. Therefore, the potential cost savings due to COTS usage is proportionately greater in STE than in the higher volume avionics systems that are tested. A second major benefit of using COTS products is that test system development schedule cycle time is greatly reduced. This paper describes the application of Open Systems Architectures (OSA) to avionics testing. The following major architectures are surveyed: VME bus, VXI bus, IEEE GPIB, IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test bus, 1553 Military Bus, Fibre Channel, and COTS Test Applications Software. We describe how the benefits of OSA have been extended at Raytheon into achieving vertical test commonalities. The flexibility of OSA can be exploited to provide an overall optimum test solution, taking all levels of test into account. For example, test systems can be tailored with COTS products to provide integrated methods for avionics tests at the module, unit, and system levels. Test systems can be configured to maximize the reuse of COTS hardware over all test levels. Test software can also be programmed to optimize such reuse over levels of test. Additional test verticality synergies derived from such OSA usage are described, including: test false alarm avoidance; test cones of tolerance optimization; and efficient test of field returns     

Firewire in modern integrated military avionics

High performance communications, navigation, and identification (CNI) functions on modern military aircraft are increasingly required for mission readiness. The operation of simultaneous waveforms through an integrated avionics rack of shared resources becomes a test in moving data rapidly from one signal processing stage to the next. The IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is a commercial high bandwidth bus whose 64-bit addressing and maximum 400 Mbits/second throughput satisfies this demanding military avionics interconnect need. The challenge in applying this commercial product to integrated avionics is the requirement to seamlessly add message priority encoding. By having message priorities, the slower strategic communications links will not impair the performance of higher data rate tactical communications, thereby avoiding potentially life-threatening bottlenecks. The flight environment imposes additional challenges to ruggedize the cabling between integrated avionics racks and to utilize the full capabilities of the Firewire bus. A discussion of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers, as used in avionics applications will be done. Additionally, the versatility of 1394 in military avionics with its variable channel sizes, bandwidth on demand, hierarchical addressing, and upgrade to 800 and 1600 Mbps with a 64-bit wide data path, is emphasized. Finally, system maintenance advantages of 1394's hot pluggable features are discussed, with an eye toward cost reduction on the flight line and total operational time of the aircraft avionics systems     

光纤通道交换网络WRR实时调度算法分析

 随着综合航电系统的发展,1553B总线已经不能满足发展的需要,光纤通道交换式网络作为新一代高性能网络通信协议被引入到航电系统中,其性能指标与整个航电系统的总体指标有着密切的关系.为了解决系统消息实时发送的问题,研究了光纤通道交换网络实时条件下加权轮询调度算法的通信性能,利用随机Petri网对光纤通道交换网络的调度过程进行了建模,通过对模型的仿真和分析,得到了数据传输量及传输时限变化时系统网络负载、延迟时间、超时消息所占比例等重要性能指标,并分析了调度算法的性能.仿真结果证明光纤通道交换式网络具有高速稳定性,加权轮询调度算法能够满足消息传输的实时性、公平性要求.     

飞机MIL-STD-1553B总线的测试系统

从MIL -STD - 1 5 5 3B总线在综合航电系统的作用入手 ,分析了国内外总线测试系统的功能和特点 ,并针对将来飞机航电系统设计及发展的方向 ,提出了一种新型的MIL -STD - 1 5 5 3B总线测试系统的设计思想     

Using open networking standards over MIL-STD-1553 networks

Over the past several decades, the MIL-STD-1553 networking technology has found use in a number of military and aerospace platforms, including applications on aircraft, ships, tanks, missiles, satellites, and even the International Space Station. In developing software applications for these platforms, the use of modern, open networking standards such as TCP/IP is often preferable. The Internet Protocol (IP) provides communications routing, and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides reliable delivery to the application level. Furthermore, higher-level protocols such as the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), etc. can be utilized in a TCP/IP environment. Though these open communications standards are preferable for many situations, the MIL-STD-1553B standard does not immediately lend itself to TCP/IP communications. One of the reasons for this is the fundamental difference between the MIL-STD-1553B networking standard, which relies on a bus controller to control communications and other data link layer networking protocols such as IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) which are Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) networks, and are thus decentralized. Despite differences in MIL-STD-1553B networking and more traditional data link layer networking protocols, there is nothing fundamentally preventing IP communication over a 1553 network. We have implemented a method of encapsulating IP datagrams within MDL-STD-1553B data messages that allows for transparent use of Internet Protocol (IP) APIs at the application level. Our system allows traditional 1553 messages to also be transported over the network, and even allows traditional messages to take a higher transmission priority over IP traffic. We analyze the advantages of such a system and the performance level we achieved with our implementation of this concept.     

光纤通道标准及其在航空电子中的应用

介绍了光纤通道(FC)的协议结构、拓扑结构、分类服务及标准情况,对其代替MIL-STD-1553总线的可能性进行了分析;阐述并分析了其在航空电子系统中的应用;最后得出结论:我们应瞄准国外先进技术的发展动向,抓住时机,从其基础标准“光纤通道 物理和信号接口”开始,研究并制定适合于我国航空电子系统的光纤通道标准,为新机研制做好技术储备。     

机载光纤通信网——B－777OLAN

计算机局域网及光纤技术在新一代的Ｂ７７７客机上已成功应用。本文分析了Ｂ－７７７客机上的光纤通信网的组成及特点，对主要接口的工作情况作了研究，为了解新型电子系统提供了一个新的视野     

先进航空信息处理机介绍

介绍了航电综合化发展阶段及当前阶段的主要任务,以F-22CIP为蓝本分析了航空综合信息处理机的硬件、软件结构和组成,以及处理机数据通信机理。     

Design issues for MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber avionics data buses

In this paper, several design issues on highly reliable MIL-STD-1773 (or 1553B) optical fiber avionics data buses are investigated. Two optical modulation techniques are proposed for avionics data buses, and they can be used to efficiently solve the problems associated with the fast identification of correct operation states for optical transmitters while maintaining less complexity of transceivers. The implementation of the proposed techniques is discussed. We also deal with the selection of optical devices and fibers to improve the reliability and power budget of optical fiber avionics data buses. Furthermore, some future improvements on avionics data bus systems are pointed out     

航空嵌入式软件测试环境确认方法研究

通过对国军标与DO-178B对航空嵌入式软件测试环境确认要求的对比与分析,提出了一种满足国军标与DO-178B要求的航空嵌入式软件测试环境确认方法。实际运用表明,方法灵活、高效、可操作性强,可以满足航空嵌入式软件测试环境确认的要求。