周向弹簧力分布对圆周密封装置密封性能的影响

为了研究周向弹簧力分布形式对密封装置密封性能的影响,针对周向弹簧建立力学模型,分析周向弹簧力不均匀分布形式产生的原因,并对其不均匀分布的临界范围进行预测分析,建立泄漏预测模型对密封结构的密封性能进行研究。首先对密封装置主要结构进行受力分析,研究周向弹簧不均匀加载对密封结构变形的影响,再结合ANSYS软件对圆周密封装置主要部件进行结构-热耦合仿真计算,进而通过仿真分析验证理论分析的合理性。仿真结果表明：不均匀周向弹簧力产生的附加力矩使得密封环翘曲变形,主密封面径向接触间隙最大位置出现在密封环的接头区域;相比弹簧力分布均匀条件,当弹簧力分布形式的不均匀程度处于临界范围内时,接触间隙增加了24.52%,气体泄漏量增加了7.99%;当弹簧力分布形式的不均匀程度处于临界范围外时,接触间隙值呈倍数增加,气体泄漏量增加一个数量级。综上,周向弹簧力不均匀分布导致主密封面接触间隙值增加、密封结构气体泄漏量增加、密封装置密封性能下降。周向弹簧力的不均匀分布对密封装置的密封性能有较为严重的影响,在实际工程应用中应尽可能保证周向弹簧的不均匀分布程度处于临界范围内,避免由于弹簧卡滞使得密封结构密封性能下降。     

A novel imprecise stochastic process model for time-variant or dynamic uncertainty quantification

This paper proposes a novel model named as “imprecise stochastic process model” to handle the dynamic uncertainty with insufficient sample information in real-world problems. In the imprecise stochastic process model, the imprecise probabilistic model rather than a precise probability distribution function is employed to characterize the uncertainty at each time point for a time-variant parameter, which provides an effective tool for problems with limited experimental samples. The linear correlation between variables at different time points for imprecise stochastic processes is described by defining the auto-correlation coefficient function and the cross-correlation coefficient function. For the convenience of analysis, this paper gives the definition of the P-box-based imprecise stochastic process and categorizes it into two classes: parameterized and non-parameterized P-box-based imprecise stochastic processes. Besides, a time-variant reliability analysis approach is developed based on the P-box-based imprecise stochastic process model, through which the interval of dynamic reliability for a structure under uncertain dynamic excitations or time-variant factors can be obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by investigating three numerical examples.     

Sensitivity analysis for probabilistic anti-resonance design of aeronautical hydraulic pipelines

In an uncertainty scheme, reliability and global sensitivity analysis is studied in this work, to provide helpful information for probabilistic anti-resonance design of vibration systems.Discussions show that the resonance failure problem can be viewed as a series system, in which input uncertainties are modeled by random variables. In order to quantitatively measure the contributions of input variables to the system reliability, a global sensitivity index is proposed, the properties of which are also discussed. Then the proposed index is tested with an aeronautical hydraulic pipeline system, which is under the excitation of pump vibration and at a risk of resonance failure. Sensitivity results under different failure criteria and variation coefficients are obtained and studied, from which significant and insignificant input variables can be identified.The proposed method provides a relatively new insight for anti-resonance design of engineering structures.     

A new structural reliability index based on uncertainty theory

The classical probabilistic reliability theory and fuzzy reliability theory cannot directly measure the uncertainty of structural reliability with uncertain variables,i.e.,subjective random and fuzzy variables.In order to simultaneously satisfy the duality of randomness and subadditivity of fuzziness in the reliability problem,a new quantification method for the reliability of structures is presented based on uncertainty theory,and an uncertainty-theory-based perspective of classical Cornell reliability index is explored.In this paper,by introducing the uncertainty theory,we adopt the uncertain measure to quantify the reliability of structures for the subjective probability or fuzzy variables,instead of probabilistic and possibilistic measures.We utilize uncertain variables to uniformly represent the subjective random and fuzzy parameters,based on which we derive solutions to analyze the uncertainty reliability of structures with uncertainty distributions.Moreover,we propose the Cornell uncertainty reliability index based on the uncertain expected value and variance.Experimental results on three numerical applications demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.     

ABCLS method for high-reliability aerospace mechanism with truncated random uncertainties

The random variables are always truncated in aerospace engineering and the truncated distribution is more feasible and effective for the random variables due to the limited samples available.For high-reliability aerospace mechanism with truncated random variables, a method based on artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm and line sampling(LS) is proposed.The artificial bee colony-based line sampling(ABCLS) method presents a multi-constrained optimization model to solve the potential non-convergence problem when calculating design point(is also as most probable point, MPP) of performance function with truncated variables; by implementing ABC algorithm to search for MPP in the standard normal space, the optimization efficiency and global searching ability are increased with this method dramatically.When calculating the reliability of aerospace mechanism with too small failure probability, the Monte Carlo simulation method needs too large sample size.The ABCLS method could overcome this drawback.For reliability problems with implicit functions, this paper combines the ABCLS with Kriging response surface method,therefore could alleviate computational burden of calculating the reliability of complex aerospace mechanism.A numerical example and an engineering example are carried out to verify this method and prove the applicability.     

基于度的结构区间可靠性分析方法研究

为了分析考虑不确定性因素影响下的结构可靠性,基于不确定性参数的区间描述,用度的方法对结构区间可靠性进行分析。用区间数描述影响结构功能的不确定性,建立结构可靠性分析的区间应力一强度干涉模型,将这些区间变量引入到结构区间可靠性的分析中。基于区间数学以及区间数比较方法理论,提出了一种新的区间可靠性指标。运用基于度的结构区间可靠性分析方法进行计算,分析结果表明该方法具有良好的数学性质,计算得出的结果与用非概率可靠性计算结果相一致,表明该方法可以对结构安全或可靠的程度做出合理的估计。     

高空台动静架连接新型篦齿密封结构封严特性研究

针对高空模拟试车台动静架连接处气体泄漏问题,开展基于中段进气的新型篦齿密封结构优化设计与封严特性的数值模拟与试验研究。设计了新型篦齿密封结构,选取篦齿齿尖厚、齿根厚及后倾角为参数变量,泄漏量为优化目标函数,根据Box-Behnken方法设计的样本点和数值计算结果建立二阶响应面模型,开展新型篦齿密封结构泄露特性数值模拟与优化研究,并通过实验进行验证。研究表明,实验结果与有限元计算结果误差不超过10％,验证了数值模型的准确性;通过优化设计与分析,新型篦齿连接结构泄漏量降低12.5％,使得该结构更容易实现最优的封严效果。新型篦齿密封结构封严特性较初始结构提高99.2％,消除了由连接处泄漏带来的附加阻力695.2N。本研究对改进现有高空台动静架连接篦齿密封结构,提升其试验台推力测量的准确性具有重要作用。     

基于过程工程的航空企业建模技术研究与实现

 通过研究国内航空企业建模的需求，探讨现有企业建模方法的不足，提出了基于过程工程的航空企业建模方法。首先针对航空企业的特点，尤其是考虑到航空军工企业对信息安全性的要求，给出了一个六元组表示的航空企业模型，并对航空企业模型的信息安全子模型进行了详细描述；然后研究了基于过程工程的航空企业建模的实现技术，包括企业模型体系、企业建模支持系统等。建立基于过程工程的航空企业模型，以模型为驱动，为航空企业信息系统的建立、实施和重构提供了基础和依据，适应了航空企业对企业模型动态响应性和信息安全性的要求。该研究成果已成功地应用于某大型航空企业两种型号飞机的研制，实践证明所提出的方法是可行和有效的。     

刷式密封接触动力学特性研究

对刷式密封的结构动力学特性进行了分析,从弹性理论出发,考虑轴颈和密封环之间的非线性摩擦力作用,建立了密封环与转子相互作用的非线性动力学方程,推出了密封环对转子的非线性支承刚度的近似表达式,这一支承刚度的导出为研究转子—密封—轴承系统的非线性动力学行为奠定了基础。最后用数值仿真方法验证了本文推导出的表达式的正确性。     

发动机控制系统限时派遣运行的成本优化方法

限时派遣TLD可以提高飞机的签派可靠度,降低由于航班延误或取消导致的运行损失。面向TLD分析建立了典型发动机控制系统马尔可夫模型,利用连续时间马尔可夫链CTMC推导了状态稳态频率公式,构建了系统单位时间运行成本模型。以平均完整性要求及签派可靠度要求为约束条件,以带故障派遣时间为决策变量,以系统单位时间运行成本以及签派可靠度为优化目标,分别构建了TLD分析的单目标和多目标优化模型。结合简化的发动机控制系统和实际全权限数字式发动机电子控制FADEC系统给出了工程应用实例,验证了模型的有效性。实例表明本文方法能够保证飞机在满足安全性要求和签派可靠度要求的条件下降低运行成本。     

基于带漂移的布朗运动的民用航空发动机实时性能可靠性预测

以民用航空发动机为研究对象,运用性能退化可靠性理论和随机过程方法,对发动机的可靠性进行了研究.通过分析发动机性能退化过程,建立了基于带漂移的布朗运动的可靠性模型,利用布朗运动特性研究了基于当前状态的退化时间预测方法,实例证明,该方法可操作性强,易于工程实现,为航空公司进行发动机机队科学管理提供了基础.      

Fuzzy norm method for evaluating random vibration of airborne platform from limited PSD data

For random vibration of airborne platform, the accurate evaluation is a key indicator to ensure normal operation of airborne equipment in flight. However, only limited power spectral density（PSD） data can be obtained at the stage of flight test. Thus, those conventional evaluation methods cannot be employed when the distribution characteristics and priori information are unknown. In this paper, the fuzzy norm method（FNM） is proposed which combines the advantages of fuzzy theory and norm theory. The proposed method can deeply dig system information from limited data, which probability distribution is not taken into account. Firstly, the FNM is employed to evaluate variable interval and expanded uncertainty from limited PSD data, and the performance of FNM is demonstrated by confidence level, reliability and computing accuracy of expanded uncertainty. In addition, the optimal fuzzy parameters are discussed to meet the requirements of aviation standards and metrological practice. Finally, computer simulation is used to prove the adaptability of FNM. Compared with statistical methods, FNM has superiority for evaluating expanded uncertainty from limited data. The results show that the reliability of calculation and evaluation is superior to 95%.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

基于重要性测度降维的液压管路稳健优化设计

提出一种基于重要性测度的降维预处理优化方法,对不确定环境下飞机局部液压管路系统的稳健性优化问题展开研究。引入区间模型描述随机变量分布参数（即设计变量）的不确定性,引入基于方差的重要性测度衡量设计变量对优化目标的贡献程度,从而筛选出对优化目标影响较大的设计变量,简化优化模型。该方法可以有效降低优化问题的维数,进而减少优化的计算成本。通过数值算例验证了所提方法的合理性和可行性,并采用该方法对飞机局部液压管路系统进行了稳健性优化设计。     

金属封严环泄漏率预测方法

针对金属封严环设计中泄漏率估算问题,综合对密封系统宏观结构和微观表面接触变形的考量,提出一种基于数值计算的泄漏率预测方法。对密封整体结构进行计算,以计算值（接触应力、接触面积）为输入参数,以表面粗糙度为评价指标建立微观粗糙表面,使用有限元法（FEM）进行接触计算后建立泄漏通道模型,在对泄漏缝隙内流体流动特性确定后通过计算流体力学（CFD）方法计算得到泄漏率。使用密封试验台进行泄漏率试验,将计算值与试验结果相比较。研究表明:随着接触应力增加、表面粗糙度值降低以及内外腔压差增长,密封系统泄漏率逐渐减小;所提出的方法极大地摆脱了泄漏率获取对于试验仪器的依赖性,并能够较为有效地预测金属密封结构的泄漏率,对先进的金属封严环的设计和评估具有重要意义。      

基于混合Gamma分布的通用可靠性寿命数据拟合方法

 可靠性寿命数据分析是可靠性工程研究的重要基础。目前对于可靠性寿命数据分析的研究存在两个主要问题:一是凭经验选择的概率分布严重依赖于人的主观判断,不能保证所选分布的适用性;二是常用分布拟合能力有限,在很多情况下不能满足寿命数据处理的需要。针对这两个问题,在混合Gamma分布稠密性的基础上,提出了一种通用的可靠性寿命数据拟合方法,给出了基于期望极大化(EM)算法的混合Gamma分布的参数估计方法,并通过6个拟合实例验证了该方法的有效性。最后,结合WP-7乙型航空发动机I级导叶片故障数据分析问题,开展了应用研究,并且与目前常用的方法进行了对比。     

W型封严环表面粗糙度对间隙泄漏流动的影响

金属封严环密封结构的泄漏是影响发动机金属封严环间隙泄漏通道内气体流动的因素之一。本文采用有限元分析软件建立不同表面粗糙度下的泄漏通道模型;采用CFD 技术对不同结构的间隙内流体流动进行数值模拟,研究表面粗糙度对泄漏流动的影响;计算封严环的泄漏率,通过密封试验验证计算结果的正确性。结果表明：气体在泄漏通道内受到表面粗糙度的影响,靠近粗糙壁面处产生明显的回流现象,降低了通道内流体的泄漏流速;在接触应力不变的条件下,密封间隙的泄漏量随表面粗糙度的增大而增大,提高封严环的加工精度能够降低表面粗糙度从而增强其密封性能。     

基于自适应代理模型的结构动力可靠度分析方法

结构动力可靠度分析对于衡量结构的安全状态和工作性能具有重要的指导意义。采用一种同时考虑 动态激励载荷和材料力学性能参数随机性的动力可靠度计算高效方法,通过建立不确定性材料力学性能参数 与条件动力可靠度之间的 Kriging代理模型,推导动力可靠度的解析表达式;提出一个新的学习函数来构建自 适应的 Kriging代理过程,通过复合材料飞行器蒙皮骨架结构在随机振动载荷和随机材料力学性能参数共同作 用下的动力可靠度分析对所提方法的准确性与高效性进行验证。结果表明:所提方法不仅能够避免使用代理 模型对动力可靠度求解时由于使用数值积分所引入的误差,同时能够使用尽可能少的计算成本获得准确的动 力可靠度结果。     

Reliability estimation of mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty

The reliability estimation of mechanical seals is of crucial importance due to their wide applications in pumps in various mechanical systems. Failure of mechanical seals might cause leakage, and might lead to system failure and other relevant consequences. In this study, the reliability estimation for mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty is proposed. The friction torque and leakage rate are two degradation performance indicators of mechanical seals that can be described by the Wiener process, Gamma process, and inverse Gaussian process. The dependence between the two indicators can be described by different copula functions. Then the model uncertainty is considered in the reliability estimation using the Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method, while the unknown parameters in the model are estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. A numerical simulation study and fatigue crack study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMA method to capture model uncertainty. A degradation test of mechanical seals is conducted to verify the proposed model. The optimal stochastic process models for two performance indicators and copula function are determined based on the degradation data. The results show the necessity of using the BMA method in degradation modeling.     

A novel LAAS pseudo-range error over-bound method based on improved pseudo-range error distribution model

The high level of safety demand of civil aviation requests local area augmentation system (LAAS) extremely high navigation integrity performance. A new LAAS pseudo-range error overbound method is proposed in this paper to improve the integrity of LAAS. Firstly, a more practical pseudo-range error distribution model is established. Then, by calculating the relationship between the statistical uncertainty of the model parameter and the integrity risk, a new method is proposed to calculate the pseudo-range error over-bound model. This method can effectively reduce the inflation factor and the resulting conservativeness of the over-bound model. Comparative experiments show that the method proposed in this paper performs better and satisfies the requirements of real applications.