货台空投系统出舱过程研究

研究了空投系统的出舱阶段中货台与地板接触模型,采用动力学分析方法建立了统一的出舱运动模型.根据试验设计条件开展系统仿真计算,结果与试验数据基本一致.探讨了货台离机过程对离机后俯仰姿态的影响.使用离机时间评价出舱过程对货台空投精确度的影响,得到了无量纲离机时间的简化算法以方便工程应用;引入了安全距离参数来评价出舱过程安全性,分析了牵引比、质心位置系数和空投时飞机姿态与离机时间和安全距离的关系,为空投系统中货台布局和牵引伞设计等提供了参考依据.     

运输机空投货物建模与任务性能影响因素研究

针对当前运输机空投货物模型可拓展性不强的问题,提出了分离体的建模方法。在无需分析货物与飞机整体质心变化的情况下,分别以货物和飞机为对象进行受力分析,推导了货物与飞机之间的相互作用力,建立了更加贴近实际的运输机单件货物空投和连续空投的动力学模型。最后,通过数值仿真,分析了飞行速度和牵引伞牵引比对空投任务性能的影响。结果表明,飞行速度和牵引比越大,飞机在货物干扰作用下的状态变化量越小。     

基于CEL的某型飞机撞水数值仿真

飞机水上迫降已成为适航取证不可缺少的一部分.飞机撞水过程属于复杂的流固耦合模型,从发生在2014年震惊全球的马航MH370航班失事重大事故的背景出发,依据流固耦合理论为基础,对失事客机波音B777-20ER进行非计划的水上迫降冲击动力学分析研究.利用有限元仿真软件ABAQUS采用耦合欧拉-拉格朗日算法(CEL)模拟失事飞机在无计划情况下撞水过程.根据马航MH370官方发布的事故搜救信息和安全调查讨论,建立合理的飞机撞水有限元模型,对不同工况下进行数值模拟,着重讨论飞机偏转角和飞机翼尖压强变化趋势,验证采用CEL法研究飞机水上迫降性能的可行性,也为研究水上迫降和航空失事飞机搜救调查提供参数指导和技术参考.     

货物在货舱内移动时飞机动态特性的研究

本文根据理论力学和飞行力学的基本原理,对货物在飞机货舱内移动时飞机和货物的运动方程作了详细推导.并对牵引伞的牵引力,约束反力的确定进行了探讨.得出了一些有益的结论.并以Y—8飞机为例,对牵引伞的牵引比、空投速度、空投高度、空机和货物重量、空投货物装置位置和操纵规律等各种田素以及空投操稳特性进行了分析研究.     

飞机拦阻索动态特性研究

 为了分析飞机拦阻索在拦阻过程中复杂的动态特性,将拦阻索视为空间柔性钢索,液压吸能系统和缓冲系统经过线性拟合,作为传动索的约束条件,通过具有弹性和阻尼特性的梁单元加载在拦阻系统模型中,同时考虑了柔性钢索与刚性支撑体之间的接触碰撞作用,在有限元分析软件LS_DYNA中建立了拦阻系统的碰撞动力学模型,并进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,飞机尾钩挂索后,在拦阻索与甲板滑轮之间存在连续震荡衰减的应力波,当来自于甲板滑轮的初次反射波到达钩索啮合点时,拦阻力达到极值。     

基于数值仿真的飞机雷电流传导通路评估方法

飞行器的雷电防护设计和验证是保障飞行员及飞机安全的必要措施,尤其是随着雷电防护能力较差的复合材料广泛应用。复合材料对雷电流的传导能力远弱于金属,需要为雷电流传导提供额外的通路。本文从国内相关研究极少提及的飞机内部结构电磁建模出发,提出一套飞机内部结构的电磁建模及精度控制方法;构建 F22 飞机左机翼到右机翼的内部金属结构作为雷电流传导通路,基于通用电磁仿真软件进行飞机雷电间接效应仿真;对复合材料蒙皮、金属网蒙皮、金属网蒙皮加内部金属结构三种情况下飞机内部的电磁场及线缆耦合仿真结果进行对比。结果表明:合理的雷电流传导通路设计能够使飞机内部线缆感应的电流强度减半,起到良好的雷电防护效果;该评估方法适用于固定翼飞机的雷电流传导通路设计,能够作为飞机机载设备雷电间接效应试验指标分配的参考依据,便于定位飞机雷电间接效应防护的薄弱环节。     

Safety modeling and simulation of multi-factor coupling heavy-equipment airdrop

Heavy-equipment airdrop is a highly risky procedure that has a complicated system due to the secluded and complex nature of factors＇ coupling. As a result, it is difficult to study the modeling and safety simulation of this system. The dynamic model of the heavy-equipment airdrop is based on the Lagrange analytical mechanics, which has all the degrees of freedom and can accurately pinpoint the real-time coordinates and attitude of the carrier with its cargo. Unfavorable conditions accounted in the factors＇ models, including aircraft malfunctions and adverse environments, are established from a man-machine-environment perspective. Subsequently, a virtual simulation system for the safety research of the multi-factor coupling heavy-equipment airdrop is developed through MATLAB/Simulink, C language and Flightgear software. To verify the veracity of the theory, the verification model is built based on dynamic software ADAMS. Finally, the emulation is put to the test with the input of realistic accident variables to ascertain its feasibility and validity of this method.     

舰载机前机身结构地面弹射冲击响应

以舰载机前机身结构和前起落架部分构件为研究对象,分析其在地面弹射过程中,弹射力冲击下的动态响应。通过地面弹射模拟试验和刚柔耦合模拟对比分析,发现试验结果与模拟结果基本吻合,从而验证了地面模拟弹射冲击加载试验方法的可靠性及刚柔耦合模拟方法的可行性。由试验结果和模拟分析,可得出弹射过程中飞机前机身结构最大过载传递路径和应变分布,同时给出了前机身动态应力分布。地面弹射试验和模拟为舰载机的结构设计、强度校核以及整机弹射试验提供了参考依据。     

基于隐模型跟踪的倾转旋翼机飞行控制

针对倾转旋翼机过渡阶段的强耦合性和快时变性,基于隐模型跟踪法设计了过渡阶段的自主飞行控制律。首先,考虑短舱和旋翼相对机身运动带来的额外惯性力,建立了倾转旋翼机的多体动力学模型;然后,通过飞行动力学特性分析发现倾转旋翼机过渡阶段具有强耦合性和快时变性;最后,针对强耦合性使用隐模型跟踪法实现了固定倾转角时的解耦控制,针对快时变性使用插值调用控制参数的方法实现了倾转旋翼机在整个过渡阶段的连续控制。仿真结果表明,隐模型跟踪控制系统能够达到良好的速度和轨迹跟踪效果,可以实现倾转旋翼机在过渡阶段的自主飞行仿真。     

飞机力提示智能侧杆控制器设计方法

与传统侧杆控制器的作用不同,带力提示的智能侧杆控制器的附加功能是减缓和预防飞机在故障或边界状态下的人机不良耦合,以提高飞行安全性。飞机在故障或边界状态下,具有明显的飞行动力学特性突变的特点,飞机动力学特性突变会引起驾驶员操纵策略的变化。针对这些特点,研究其侧杆控制器设计的理论方法。通过分析飞机动力学特性突变引起的系统时变非线性及其在力提示下的驾驶员行为特点,建立了智能侧杆引导的人机系统模型。在此基础上,基于时变系统的频谱分析和人机系统的品质评价准则,提出了带力提示的智能侧杆控制器设计方法,并给出了详细的设计步骤。通过对飞机故障状态下的仿真,解释了力提示智能侧杆控制器减缓人机不良耦合的机理。仿真结果表明智能侧杆控制器在提高驾驶员控制精度的同时,减缓了人机不良耦合的趋势,从而验证了提出的设计方法的可行性和有效性。     

Water takeoff performance calculation method for amphibious aircraft based on digital virtual flight

Owing to the strong coupling among the hydrodynamic forces, aerodynamic forces and motion of amphibious aircraft during the water takeoff process, the water takeoff performance is difficult to calculate accurately and quickly. Based on an analysis of the dynamics and kinematics characteristics of amphibious aircraft and the hydrodynamic theory of high-speed planing hulls, a suitable mathematical model is established for calculating the hydrodynamics of aircraft during water takeoff. A pilot model is designed to illustrate how pilots are affected by the lack of visual reference and the necessity to simultaneously control the pitch angle, flight velocity and other parameters during water takeoff. Combined with the aerodynamic model, engine thrust model and aircraft motion model, a digital virtual flight simulation model is developed for amphibious aircraft during water takeoff, and a calculation method for the water takeoff performance of amphibious aircraft is proposed based on digital virtual flight. Typical performance indicators, such as the liftoff time and liftoff distance, can be obtained via digital virtual flight calculations. A comparison of the measured flight test data and the calculation results shows that the calculation error is less than 10%, which verifies the correctness and accuracy of the proposed method. This method can be used for the preliminary evaluation of airworthiness compliance of amphibious aircraft design schemes, and the relevant calculation results can also provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of flight test plans for airworthiness certification.     

一种基于N—S方程的CFD／CSD耦合计算方法

对于气动弹性问题,在跨音速和大变形情况下,模态叠加法失效,为此需要探讨全场求解耦合方程的新方法。利用耦合计算流体动力学和计算结构动力学（CFD／CSD）方法,数值模拟了机翼的气弹响应问题。气动力的求解采用三维Navier—Stokes方程的有限体积法,实现了一种多块结构网格的动网格方法生成气动网格,采用有限元方法计算应...     

Variable Structure Control of Catastrophic Course in Airdropping Heavy Cargo

The mathematical model of a transport aircraft would be subjected to a sudden change when heavy cargo is dropped off in airdropping, which exerts serious influences upon the safety of the aircraft. A variable structure controller is specially designed for handling the airdrop process. The nonlinear system is linearized by input-output feedback linearization using differential geometry theories. On this basis, an inner loop system for velocity and attitude tracking control is designed by using the exponentially approaching rule of the variable structure theory. The whole flight control system is integrated with the outer loop flight altitude control. Digital simulation evidences the applicability of the system to potentially catastrophic course in airdropping heavy cargo and provides robustness against system parameter perturbation.     

A Criterion Based on Closed-loop Pilot-aircraft Systems for Predicting Flying Qualities

During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities (FQ). This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.     

The passenger aircraft cargo hold environment: the implications of a fire on lithium-ion battery shipments

Although very rare events, fires in aircraft cargo holds are a concern for regulators, aircraft operators, and passengers. Lithium-ion cells and batteries are often shipped as cargo aboard passenger aircraft. This paper provides an overview of cargo hold configurations and fire suppression systems in passenger aircraft. Next, ways in which a cargo hold fire might affect a shipment of lithium-ion cells or batteries, and the degree to which the cells or batteries might interact with a fire are discussed. Finally, the results of FAA simulated cargo hold fire testing are presented and discussed in the context of lithium-ion cell or battery shipments.     

民用飞机防火系统试验室气流模拟系统设计

在民用飞机防火系统地面模拟试验中,由于气流流量对试验具有重要的影响,因此,需要模拟发动机风扇舱、发动机核心舱、APU舱和货舱在飞行中的气流流量。由于流量的精度对试验结果具有重要的影响,设计一种基于PLC控制的气流模拟系统,基于PID控制算法,通过变频器控制电机带动风机模拟所需的气流,满足地面试验的要求。     

机载令牌传递网络的计算机仿真研究

从机载令牌传递网络的基本原理出发,建立了网络模型,按照计算机仿真的一般方法建立了系统的仿真模型,给出了仿真程序的实现,进而对仿真模型的有效性进行了验证,并给出了机载环境下的性能仿真。     

基于仿真的空战效能评估分析研究

分析了作战飞机在执行空战任务过程中的使用特点,结合现代空战的特点、考虑四代机的特征及作战飞机各系统间的耦合情况,应用概率理论建立了作战飞机空战效能的计算评估体系,同时给出了发现目标概率、占位开火成功概率、导弹杀伤目标概率3个用于评估空战效能的阶段性指标.根据空战各阶段的特点,应用效能计算评估体系辅以模拟仿真的方法完成了空战效能的评估.结果表明,空战效能评估结果与空战能力评估结果吻合情况很好.     

基于动网格技术的飞机舱弹分离过程 CFD/ RBD耦合数值仿真

飞机舱弹分离瞬间特性严重影响导弹/炸弹的打击精度。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)和刚体动力学(RBD)模型耦合求解的数值仿真方法,应用网格弹性光顺和局部重构相结合的动网格技术,有效地避免了刚体运动而引起的网格畸变,仿真计算了炸弹舱弹分离后俯仰角度变化过程 .仿真结果表明,舱弹分离时向炸弹施加 1个合适的抛 射力矩,有助于炸弹在下降过程中快速地调整其打击姿态。     

飞机推出和跑道掉头滑行行为计算方法

针对飞机推出和跑道掉头两种地面滑行特殊行为的位置和姿态计算问题进行了研究。从机场塔台管制运行模拟仿真的角度出发,提出了非完整运动学约束下飞机推出滑行和跑道掉头运动计算方法。依据飞机推出实际和非完整运动路径跟踪模型,设计出适合仿真推演计算的飞机推出运动求解方法。根据飞机跑道掉头的几何约束和转弯角运动约束,设计出开环控制下完整刻画飞机运动的求解方法。与动力学求解模型相比,该方法具有计算简便,适合于视景仿真驱动的优点,并通过数学仿真验证了方法的有效性。