基于数值仿真的飞机雷电流传导通路评估方法

飞行器的雷电防护设计和验证是保障飞行员及飞机安全的必要措施,尤其是随着雷电防护能力较差的复合材料广泛应用。复合材料对雷电流的传导能力远弱于金属,需要为雷电流传导提供额外的通路。本文从国内相关研究极少提及的飞机内部结构电磁建模出发,提出一套飞机内部结构的电磁建模及精度控制方法;构建 F22 飞机左机翼到右机翼的内部金属结构作为雷电流传导通路,基于通用电磁仿真软件进行飞机雷电间接效应仿真;对复合材料蒙皮、金属网蒙皮、金属网蒙皮加内部金属结构三种情况下飞机内部的电磁场及线缆耦合仿真结果进行对比。结果表明:合理的雷电流传导通路设计能够使飞机内部线缆感应的电流强度减半,起到良好的雷电防护效果;该评估方法适用于固定翼飞机的雷电流传导通路设计,能够作为飞机机载设备雷电间接效应试验指标分配的参考依据,便于定位飞机雷电间接效应防护的薄弱环节。

Evaluation Method of Aircraft Lightning Current Conduction Path Based on Numerical Simulation

The lightning protection design and verification of aircraft is a necessary measure to ensure the safety of pilots and aircraft, especially with the poor lightning protection ability of composite materials. The conductivity of the composite is much weaker than that of the metal, which needs to provide additional pathways for the lightning current conduction. Based on the electromagnetic modeling of aircraft internal structure rarely mentioned in domestic related research, this paper proposes a set of electromagnetic modeling and precision control method for aircraft internal structure, constructs the internal metal structure from left wing to right wing of F22 aircraft as lightning current conduction path, and simulates the indirect effect of aircraft lightning based on general electromagnetic simulation software. The simulation results of electromagnetic field and cable coupling in aircraft interior under three conditions of composite skin, metal mesh skin, metal mesh skin and internal metal structure are compared. After evaluation, reasonable lightning current conduction path design can reduce the current intensity induced by the cable inside the aircraft by half, and play a good lightning protection expected effect.