A new high rate lead acid battery

A new approach to the design of lead acid batteries has been developed based on the use of very thin lead foil current collectors. The basic cell construction and the performance characteristics for the new cell are described. Spiral wrap cells based on this electrode concept exhibit extremely high power output with excellent capacity maintenance. Additionally, these cells exhibit very flat voltage at all currents, and are capable of very rapid recharge. Applications for this high power technology cover a broad spectrum such as portable power tools, UPS systems, electrically heated catalytic converters, military pulse power applications and electric and hybrid vehicles     

Spectrum management: a high stakes game

The optimal use of the frequency spectrum is an incredibly difficult but vital requirement to be achieved. Among the numerous services and applications which are requesting more frequencies, radar and telecommunications are certainly the most demanding. The purpose of this paper is to discuss several technical aspects contributing to the frequency management within the whole spectrum. To this effect it is proposed to analyse the following main aspects: first, a survey of the foreseeable evolution of telecommunications and radars mainly in terms of frequency band needs, radiated power density and waveforms; second, we will provide a comparative analysis of signals used in radars and telecommunications; finally, we propose a few necessary conditions to coordinate the operation of radars and telecommunications within the whole spectrum     

Dark Matter from Weak Gravitational Lensing

Weak gravitational lensing probes the amount, location, distribution and the power spectrum of (dark) matter without assumption on the geometry and physical properties of gravitational structures. It is therefore widely recognized as potentially a promising tool to probe the matter content of the universe at all scales. Put into the perspective of this conference, the most illustrative new results concern clusters of galaxies and cosmic shear. In the following I focus on these two topics and discuss the present status of cosmological applications of weak lensing.     

New approach to a multistatic passive radar sensor for air/spacedefense

A method to apply the latest technology in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the U.S. NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation System for Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System) and the Russian GLONASS (GLObal'naya Nqvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema), as a silent multistatic or parasitic radar for air defense is described. These satellite systems serving as navigational aids are well suited for low power radar applications due to the similarity and compatibility of the transmitted satellite signals with modern radar signals, such as spread spectrum modulation and Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes. Preliminary flight tests with airships, jet and propeller aircraft, helicopter, anti tank missiles and spaceborne targets (MIR) to study effects have been conducted     

关于电磁频谱作战的思考

电磁频谱作战能力是打赢未来体系化战争的必要能力,是实现战争信息化与智能化的核心基础。随着作战域维度的不断增加,通过掌控电磁频谱以获得战场信息主动权,实现跨作战域高维度的协同与融合是掌控战争的终极制胜目标。通过回顾电磁域对抗演变的全过程,分析掌控电磁频谱能力的必要性,并从低-零功率电磁频谱战、电磁机动作战、制电磁权与制信息权、电子对抗系统技术等方面阐述电磁频谱作战所面临的挑战与发展需求,最后在组织管理、理论研究、关键技术、评估验证等方面提出加强电磁频谱作战能力的发展建议。     

无人机测控传输中SCCPM优化设计

针对无人机测控传输系统频率资源日趋紧张、电磁环境日渐复杂的现状,为提高无线传输频带效率和功率效率,在卷积码和CPM（Continuous Phase Modulation,连续相位调制）的基础上,提出一种基于SCCPM（Serially Concatenated CPM,串行级联CPM）的无人机遥控、遥测数据传输体制.通过引入Turbo（涡轮）码迭代原理设计CPM解调与卷积译码反馈校正结构,并对CPM解调算法进行优化以减小复杂度,得到相位连续、频谱紧凑、编码增益高、收敛特性好的无人机测控通信系统.仿真结果表明：所设计方案采用级联外迭代方式可获取更高的信噪比增益、更低的错误平层——与典型应用的RS（Reed-Solomon,里德-所罗门）码级联卷积码相比,该方案能够多获取1.6 dB的信噪比增益,表明SCCPM更适用于无人机测控数据传输.     

一种窄带平稳随机过程功率谱的简化拟合方法

基于平稳随机过程的基本原理,建立了拟合窄带平稳随机过程的功率谱所需的成形滤波器的简化模型,推导了窄带平稳随机功率谱的峰值、峰值频率、带宽与成形滤波器相应参数之间的关系,给出了拟合窄带平稳随机过程功率谱的简化方法。应用此方法对美国海军 CVA59航空母舰海上运动的垂荡、纵摇和横荡运动分量的 3个具体的功率谱实例进行了拟合,通过对将实测值与拟合结果进行比较,表明 :这种方法能够很好地拟合典型的对称窄带平稳随机过程,对于对称性不好和带宽较大的的功率谱,拟合的误差相对大一些。     

基于谱插值和奇异值差分谱的滚动轴承静电监测信号去噪方法

采用静电传感器进行滚动轴承故障监测实验研究.针对滚动轴承静电监测中各种强噪声、故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于谱插值和奇异值差分谱的联合去噪方法.首先采用谱插值抑制工频干扰,然后将所得信号构造Hankel矩阵,求取奇异值差分谱并自动确定有用分量个数,最后重构信号.仿真和实验结果表明:仅采用奇异值差分谱或者小波去噪方法,无法从含有强工频干扰的信号中提取有用成分;所提出的方法相比较谱插值和小波去噪方法能够凸显早期故障特征频率.     

Some Matched Filter Configurations for Infrared Systems

An analysis of the output of three alternative matched filter configurations in an infrared scanning system model is presented. The sensor is corrupted by thermal noise, generation-recombination noise, photon noise, and modulation noise, the latter providing an extreme discoloration in the signal passband. Expressions for the signal voltage density spectrum, signal pulse shape, noise power spectrum, and average noise power at the matched filter output are derived where the integral evaluations attendant to these derivations do not appear elsewhere in the literature. The paper also provides graphical displays of the signal-to-noise power ratio at the filter output versus various system parameters, noise power spectrum out of the matched filter versus ?, and the signal pulse shape out of the filter versus time. Also included are discussions of practically realizable approximations to the matched filters and curve fitting techniques for the signal pulse shape function.     

Spectral Moment Estimates from Correlated Pulse Pairs

Estimates statistics of the first two power spectrum moments from the pulse pair covariance are analyzed. The input signal is assumed to be colored Gaussian and the noise, white Gaussian. Perturbation formulas for the standard deviation of both mean frequency and spectrum width are applied to a Gaussian shaped power spectrum, and so is a perturbation formula for the bias in the width estimate. Mean frequency estimation from interlaced pulse pairs is presented. Throughout this study, estimators from independent, spaced, and contiguous pulse pairs are compared to provide a continuum of statistics from equispaced tightly correlated to statistically independent pulse pairs.     

功率MOSFET逆变器在VSCF电源中的应用

 以用于交直交飞机VSCF电源系统的SPWM逆变器作为研究对象。利用数字计算机对自然采样SPWM过程进行了数值分析,得到SPWM逆变器输出电压频谱与脉宽调制参数(M、N)之间的关系。同时,数值分析考虑了GTR存贮时间t_s和导通延迟时间t_0对SRWM频谱的影响。选择新型功率开关器件—功率MOSFET构成小容量VSCF电源的逆变器。并给出两种高效、可靠的功率MQSFET栅极驱动电路及逆变器的试验特性,     

插板式畸变发生器出口动态压力信号的功率谱分析

对两种不同型号发动机进气畸变试验所获得的数据进行了功率谱分析，通过功率谱图可得知发动机进口插板位置、转速等因素对进气畸变动态压力信号频率的影响，为以后的发动机稳定性试验及深入研究提出了依据。     

基于频率雨流计数法的发动机振动疲劳载荷谱编制

传统雨流计数法适用于常规疲劳载荷计算,不能保留振动疲劳的频率信息,但是频率对于振动疲劳十分重要,因此在传统雨流计数法的基础上提出一种频率雨流计数法。以某型号发动机试车振动加速信号为例,采用振动疲劳载荷谱的编制方法,编制振动信号功率谱、载荷 - 频次载荷谱、振动疲劳载荷谱,对频率雨流计数法进行验证。结果表明:采用本文方法编制的载荷谱能够反映发动机实际工作载荷,满足实验室疲劳试验载荷谱要求。     

明渠恒定均匀流试验中尾门的影响范围

利用PIV测量了明渠恒定均匀流中离尾门（活页式及闸板式）不同距离的9条断面中垂线的流速分布,分析了尾门对中垂线时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力及能谱特征的影响范围。对比活页式和闸板式两种尾门的差异可以发现,闸板尾门对时均流速的影响要明显大于活页尾门,而对于脉动强度、雷诺应力和能谱特征的影响,二者差异可以忽略。对于时均流速,在距离50h后两种尾门的影响均小于1.0%;对于纵向紊动强度、垂向紊动强度及雷诺应力,以4.0%、4.0%、10.0%作为衡量标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h、25h、30h;对于纵、垂向能谱特征参数k50,以偏差值15.0%、6.0%作为标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h和40h。     

Spectral Properties of Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Radar Images

On the basis of a two-dimensional, nonstationary white noisemodel for the complex radar backscatter, the spectral properties ofa one-look synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) system is derived. It isshown that the power spectrum of the complex SAR image is sceneindependent. It is also shown that the spectrum of the intensityimage is in general related to the radar scene spectrum by a linearintegral equation, a Fredholm's integral equation of the third kind.Under simplifying assumptions, a closed-form equation giving theradar scene spectrum as a function of the SAR image spectrum canbe derived.     

A Semi-Empirical Approach to the PLL Threshold

This correspondence considers the response of the PLL near threshold to an input consisting of a modulated carrier and white, Gaussian noise. For high input signal-to-noise power ratios ?, the output noise power is Gaussian with a parabolic spectrum. As ? is decreased, the PLL tends to lose lock which gives rise to impulses or ?spikes? in the output with a resulting white power spectrum. The additional output noise due to these ?spikes? causes a threshold in the output signal-to-noise ratio. Unfortunately the loss of lock rate in the PLL depends on the modulation as well as the noise power. A semiempirical approximate expression for the loss of lock rate as a function of the noise and sinusoidal frequency modulation is presented and is used to determine the optimum design procedure for PLL's to demodulate FM signals of varying modulation indexes, ?.     

COTS星载双模测控应答机基带设计与实现

提出了一种星载双模测控应答机基带设计方案,采用COTS（商用现货）器件实现,能较好解决星载功率受限和空间辐射效应引起的相关问题。测控应答机主处理器由反熔丝FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）实现,可在低功耗条件下保证最基本测控需求,解调上行DPSK（差分相移键控）信号,调制下行扩频信号;协处理器受主处理器控制,由SRAM（静态存储器）FPGA来实现,对上行扩频信号进行解扩解调。测控应答机可根据星载电源功率情况和不同测控任务切换模式,具有成本低、可靠性高、使用灵活等优势。     

基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的舰船轴频电场信号检测

轴频电场是可在水下探测到的一种运动舰船特征物理场,由于海水的衰减作用,其信号十分微弱。文章提出了一种基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的微弱舰船轴频电场信号检测方法。首先,利用小波包变换对观测信号进行多子带分解;然后,分别提取各子带信号功率作为检测特征量,使用浮动门限对其进行滑动检测。实测数据和仿真数据处理表明,该方法能够在较低的信噪比条件下有效工作,性能优于传统的功率谱检测方法。     

过程功率谱熵在转子振动定量诊断中的应用

针对旋转机械振动过程的复杂性和振动故障产生的随机性,提出了1种以信息熵理论为基础,通过多测点、多转速下的功率谱信息熵(功率谱熵)差矩阵来描述旋转机械振动过程变化规律的故障定量诊断方法。采用在转子试验台模拟转子振动的4种典型故障,得到4个测点多转速下的振动故障数据;对这些故障数据进行分析和处理,求其功率谱熵矩阵。结果表明:通过对转子振动故障信号进行实例计算和分析,该方法在转子振动故障分类和故障严重程度判断方面效果良好。     

Resolution of signal sources via spectral moment estimation

In different practical situations it is desired to estimate the number of signal sources and their positions in space or in frequency domain. The first problem is known as the detection or the order estimation and the second one as the resolution. For the resolution problem techniques such as nonlinear least squares (NLSM), high-order Yule-Walker method (HOYW), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), Pisarenko harmonic retrieval method, min-norm method, estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), were proposed (Marple, 1987 and Stoica and Moses, 1997). All these high-resolution methods are based on the analysis of the signal covariance matrix. But the covariance matrix is not the only choice to represent the signal spectrum. In different applications (weather radars, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing, ultrasound imaging in medicine, atmospheric turbulence measurements) the signal spectrum can be modeled through its algebraic moments. Recently a number of efficient nonparametric methods have been proposed to estimate the algebraic spectral moments (Monakov, 1999). The presented paper is an attempt to solve the direction of arrival (DOA) problem via estimation of the algebraic spectral moments. A method proposed in the article is comparable in its accuracy with the MUSIC method. At the same time its computational burden is much lower. The method permits to estimate the signal power of sources easily to complete the full spectral line analysis. Additionally the method shows good robustness in situations when signal sources have noticeable spatial extend