利用信号特征的风电场对二次雷达影响评估

研究表明风力发电场可能会影响航管雷达系统,导致其工作性能下降,因此准确评估风电场对航管雷达的影响具有重要意义。利用二次雷达信号特征给出了一种风电场对二次雷达影响的评估方法。首先根据二次雷达信号特征从风电场反射信号干扰方面分析了风电场对航管二次雷达可能产生的影响．然后阐述了以反射信号的时延来划分风电场影响区域的评估方法。最后通过在DEM（digital elevation model数字高程模型）数据上的仿真实验来验证本文评估方法。     

ACARS的过去、现在和未来

2009年5月31日，法国航空447航班从里约热内卢于当地时间19：29起飞，并预定在6月1日上午10：03到达巴黎。UTC（世界协调时）01：35，班机与航管进行了最后一次通话，并在UTC01：49离开巴西雷达监管范围，随后与空管部门失去联系。各方随即展开了对飞机的搜索，最终确认飞机已经失事，失速掉进了茫茫的大西洋中。     

东芝二次雷达典型故障分析与维修

二次雷达（英文缩写为：SSR）作为现代航管监视系统，主要提供飞机的航班号、高度、方位、距离等信息，是空中交通管制员的“千里眼”，在空中交通管制中发挥着极其重要的作用。随着民航通信导航雷达事业的迅速发展，在飞行繁忙的地区和航线将从程序管制逐步过渡到雷达管制，雷达将发挥越来越重要的作用。     

飞机对预警雷达的影响和限制

首先讲述了飞机天线方向图及近场，远场方向图的预测。然后介绍了雷达罩及春分类，雷达罩对这性能的影响，振动与声波对天线和雷达性能的影响，最后介绍了冷却和主电源并对重量设计与平衡进行了简单的讨论。     

雷神二次雷达典型故障分析

航管监视雷达是空中交通管制员的“千里眼”，随着雷达管制的实施，航管监视雷达对监视空中飞行目标起着越来越重要的作用，实现管制区域内的多重雷达覆盖也是发展趋势。雷神二次雷达是从国外引进的一套先进的雷达设备，在全国很多机场得到了广泛应用。在维护雷达设备过程中，面对故障现象，如何准确地分析、判断故障点，采取一切必要措施快速恢复设备正常工作，对于确保空中交通管理安全有着重要的意义。笔者将维护雷神二次雷达中遇到的典型故障作了简要的分析总结，希望能对同行们的工作起到一定的借鉴作用。     

电磁环境研究

电磁环境是制定飞机和机载设备电磁兼容性要求的依据,本文阐述了确定电磁环境的方法,并对飞机飞行区域以及机内的电磁辐射环境进行了分析.出时还讨论了试验室内的电磁环境电平大小对电磁兼容性试验,天线方向图和雷达反向散射横截面积测试精度的影响。     

STAR2000发射信号序列剖析

全固态S波段航管一次雷达STAR2000发射信号为一定的发射脉冲序列，这是航管一次雷达提高发现概率与距离分辨力、实现远近距离目标探测、解决盲速和距离模糊的基础，本文对STAR2000的发射脉冲序列进行技术剖析。     

航迹规划中雷达探测空间的生成

从飞机突防习行任务规划出发，综合考虑地球曲率、陆地（或海洋）的反射和杂波干扰、大气折射和吸收损耗等因素的影响，采用临界散射截面法生成了对空警戒雷达在不同地貌、发现概率下，对不同雷达散射截面的目标的探测空间。计算并分析了飞行高度、目标雷达散射截面、发现概率和地貌等因素对雷达探测空间的影响，以便选择低探测概率的飞行走廓，这对制定和实施安全突防飞行策略有实际意义。     

TCAS系统的功能分析

随着航空事业的迅速发展,空中交通密度日增,航路拥挤,以及飞行高度层控制的改进,以至航管雷达所存在的同步窜扰,非同步窜扰和假目标出现的问题更趋严重,针对现用二次雷达存在的种种问题,除了飞机上使用新的S模式雷达和数据通信系统外,航空工业界在1955年通过航空运输协会(ATA)开始寻找能防止飞机碰撞的系统,在1970年集中研究空中交通管制雷达应答机(ATCRBS)作为该系统的中心,1981年美国FAA宣告研制交通警告防撞系统(TCAS)的     

首都机场引进国外先进雷达

该新建航路监视雷达已进入全面安装、调试阶段。这是中国民航总局为改善和加强首都机场及华北地区空运保障能力投资1亿元兴建的。这套雷达由美国雷锡恩公司生产的全固态一、二次远程监视雷达组成,具有飞机上升、下降、机号、飞行高度显示等项功能,覆盖半径     

Computation of aircraft geometric height under radar surveillance

A radar system for geometric height estimation of civil aircraft is described. The system consists of one standard or mode S secondary surveillance radar (SSR) and one omnidirectional antenna sited away from SSR under an airplane. The geometric height is derived by trilateration. Systematic errors are compensated for by deriving the profile of the effect on height measurements of the bias in range measurements. A curve-fitting technique is then used, which estimates both the geometric height and any non-zero systematic errors     

农林飞机超低空飞行大气紊流影响研究

在建立农林飞机超低空飞行时的大气紊流模型基础上,结合频域和时域两种计算方法研究了各种不同紊流强度下的大气紊流对农林飞机超低空飞行的影响,同时采用加速度综合评分的方法对其影响进行定量评估,最后给出了大气紊流对农林飞机超低空飞行影响的规律,对工程应用有一定的参考价值。     

Separation of SSR Signals by Array Processing in Multilateration Systems

Location and identification of cooperating aircraft in the airport area (and beyond) may be implemented by multilateration (MLAT) systems using the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) mode S signals. Most of these signals, spontaneously emitted from on-board mode S transponders at a fixed carrier frequency, arrive randomly at the receiving station, as well as many mode A/C replies from legacy transponders still in use. Several SSR signals are, then, overlapped in multiple aircraft situations. Therefore, the aim of this work is the separation of overlapped SSR signals, i.e., signals superimposed in time at receiving stations. We improve the MLAT receiving station by replacing the single antenna by an array of m elements and using array signal processing techniques. In the literature, several algorithms address the general source separation problem, but a very few of them are specifically designed for a mixture of overlapping SSR replies. Unfortunately, all of them have either some shortcomings, or an expensive computational cost, or no simple practical implementation. In this paper, we use the time sparsity property of the sources to propose more reliable, simpler, and more effective algorithms based on projection techniques to separate multiple SSR signals. Real recorded signals in a live environment are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.     

民用飞机高原风场进近驾驶行为变化对失控趋势的影响

高原机场运行安全性是颇具中国特色的飞行安全研究领域。在高原机场终端区,飞机的飞行性能下降,如果遭遇大风等不利天气条件,不安全事件的发生概率增加,其中飞行失控(LoC)是重要的潜在威胁类型。为了分析风场飞行的失控机理并研究高原环境中驾驶员生理变化对LoC趋势的影响,对高原机场终端区驾驶员的操纵行为进行参数化表征,模拟了高原环境对于驾驶行为的可能影响,并结合高原特征风场模型,通过数值仿真分析穿越风场飞行时失控风险的变化趋势。仿真结果表明:危险的山谷风和突风是导致LoC的重要诱因,高原环境中驾驶员生理心理的恶化也会增加LoC的危险,不合适的增益、过大的延迟和滞后都会导致飞机的失控。如果能够对驾驶员进行有针对性的训练,降低应对风扰动出现时的操纵增益波动,并保持适当紧张状态以尽量降低操纵延迟,将有利于应对风扰动,并保持完成飞行任务的能力。     

机载前视式低空风切变探测数值模拟研究

使用二维面对称微下击暴流数值模式,对“湿”微下击暴流风切变进行了模拟,并通过工作在Ｘ－波段的微波多普勒雷达,对飞机着陆下滑航迹前方的微下击暴流风切变进行探测。结果表明：通过单元－单元自动增益控制、杂波滤波和天线仰角控制,可提前８０ｓ（６ｋｍ）探测到“湿”微下击暴流风切变,符合ＦＡＡ提出的适航要求     

Design and calibration of the SeaWinds Scatterometer

The SeaWinds Scatterometer is a Ku-band Earth orbiting remote sensing radar. It has a 1 m dish antenna shared by two beams with respective nadir look angles of 40 and 46 deg, scanning azimuthally to provide greater than 90% daily coverage of the Earth at an altitude of 800 km. The first sensor was launched in 1999 and produces sea surface wind field to 2 m/s accuracy at 25 km resolution. The design and calibration of the SeaWinds radar is described here.     

Analysis and design optimization of monopulse receivers forsecondary surveillance radar

The sensitivity to calibration and component errors of the receiver configurations used for monopulse processing of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) replies is analyzed. The effects of video gain error in amplitude processors and large Gaussian perturbations in phase processors are discussed. Phase processors are shown to be robust to variations in antenna difference pattern null depth. A half-angle phase processor that yields the benefits of phase processing without the sensitivity to system errors associated with conventional implementations is described     

基于尾流效应的编队飞行优化分析

针对如何利用前机尾涡的上洗气流来达到减小后机飞行阻力的问题,进行了基于尾流效应的编队飞行优化分析。首先,通过分析后机在尾涡上洗气流中的受力情况,建立了尾流效应相关模型;然后,通过计算诱导滚转力矩系数评估后机飞行的安全性,通过阻力系数的变化判定诱导减阻效果;最后,建立多目标优化评价模型,以后机的安全性和诱导减阻效果为优化目标来确定后机在编队飞行中的最佳位置。研究结果表明,最佳编队位置并不是固定的,飞行高度、飞行速度等外部因素都会对编队飞行中后机的最佳编队位置产生一定的影响。     

Experiments on aeronautical satellite communications using ETS-Vsatellite

The world's first aeronautical satellite communication experiments, conducted at L-band frequencies using a commercial aircraft, are described. An airborne antenna with electronically steerable beam and communication equipment was installed in a B-747F freighter flying over transoceanic flight routes. The satellite used in these experiments is the Engineering Test Satellite-Five (ETS-V). During the test period, various experiments, such as antenna pattern measurements, transmission performances, and voice quality evaluation were conducted. As the airborne antenna is the key component for the aeronautical satellite communication system, emphasis has been placed on antenna characteristics. Its performance is found to be closely related to the fading characteristics in low-elevation areas and to transmission error performance     

Performance Analysis of Monopulse Receivers for Secondary Surveillance Radar

In modern secondary surveillance radar (SSR) the monopulse technique is currently introduced for the measurement of the azimuth of the targets. The monopulse technique is based on a suitable processing of signals received by a multiple antenna. In SSR the signals are generated by a transponder on the aircraft as replies to interrogations from ground equipment, and consist of trains of pulses. The monopulse measurements can be carried out on the basis of a single pulse from each train, so that it provides a great number of azimuth estimates. Many monopulse measurement devices exist, corresponding to different processing techniques. From the point of view of accuracy and precision, their behaviors differ with respect to the sources of errors, both internal (noise and imperfect calibrations) and external (interference and propagation effects). The four main types of monopulse receivers are analyzed here with respect to the effects of the internal error sources on the resulting measurement accuracy. After an introductory discussion of the performances of the receivers, a detailed analysis is carried out on the basis of a general mathematical model. The results are given in an analytical form and in some comprehensive diagrams.