低压电动车开关磁阻电机隔离驱动技术

在传统的低压电动车开关磁阻电机(SRM)驱动系统的设计中,优先考虑的问题是系统的体积和成本。通常在MOSFET驱动电路、相电流和母线电压采样电路设计中直接忽略了数字地和功率地的隔离问题,使得整个驱动系统的可靠性大打折扣。在保持传统的非隔离驱动系统中驱动电路和电阻采样电路的基础上,提出采用高速光耦实现PWM控制信号与MOSFET驱动信号的隔离,采用线性光耦实现相电流和母线电压采样信号与控制器AD采样信号之间的隔离。该方式可以在尽量不增加系统体积和成本的情况下,实现数字地和功率地隔离,从而进一步提升低压电动车SRM驱动系统的可靠性,具有广阔的应用前景。     

MOSFET开关过程的研究及米勒平台振荡的抑制

设计功率MOSFET驱动电路时需重点考虑寄生参数对电路的影响。米勒电容作为MOSFET器件的一项重要参数,在驱动电路的设计时需要重点关注。重点观察了MOSFET的开通和关断过程中栅极电压、漏源极电压和漏源极电流的变化过程,并分析了米勒电容、寄生电感等寄生参数对漏源极电压和漏源极电流的影响。分析了栅极电压在米勒平台附近产生振荡的原因,并提出了抑制措施,对功率MOSFET的驱动设计具有一定的指导意义。     

飞机数字化全电刹车系统的设计

设计的飞机全电刹车系统,以四无刷直流电机驱动四滚珠丝杠布局的机电作动机架,取代了原来液压刹车的活塞阀门作动机架,电机通过传动装置驱动滚珠丝杠松刹刹车盘实现飞机的刹车。在硬件设计上,刹车控制器的CPU采用TI公司的电机及运动控制专用DSP2407,以满足对控制系统的性能要求;4台无刷直流电机的换相信号由可编程逻辑器件完成;对电机的驱动采用了MOSFET与栅极驱动芯片IR2130组成的功率驱动电路,实现了无刷直流电机的高效驱动。     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

一种小型高功率密度伺服驱动模块设计

针对新一代工业数控系统对交流伺服驱动控制系统提出的小型化、高功率密度的迫切需求,提出一种新型功率伺服驱动模块。该模块集栅极驱动、功率变换、信号传感、电路保护等多功能于一体。重点研究了功率开关器件MOSFET的驱动电路和过压、过流及过温保护电路,详细说明了各保护电路结构及参数的优化计算方法。试验结果表明:该伺服驱动模块具有体积小、驱动能力强、功率密度高、功耗低和可靠性高等优点。     

Design and implementation of a sensorless switched reluctance drivesystem

This paper presents a new sensorless switched reluctance drive system. The drive system can perform well when the system is operated in the pulse-width modulated (PWM) region. By suitably shaping an induced voltage in an inactive phase which is adjacent to an energized phase of a switched reluctance motor (SRM), the shaft position of the rotor can be easily obtained. As a result, the position sensor can be eliminated. First, the theoretical analysis of the proposed method is presented. By systematic theoretical analysis, a voltage signal which can easily estimate the shaft position of the motor is derived. This signal is only related to the input dc voltage of the converter, and the self and mutual inductances of the motor. Then, a new method to measure the self and mutual inductances of the SRM is proposed. After that, the design for a simple circuit which can synthesize the required voltage signal for rotor position estimation is presented. Next, how a 32-bit microprocessor system is used to execute the position and speed estimation, speed-loop control, and current-commands generation is shown. A closed-loop drive system is thus achieved. Several simulated and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis. A new direction in the design and implementation of a sensorless switched reluctance drive system is presented     

一种基于SG3524和IR2110的爪极汽车发电机励磁控制电路

本文简述了爪极发电机的结构和励磁绕组的工作原理,同时介绍了PWM控制芯片SG3524和高压驱动器IR2110的性能和结构特点,并根据爪极发电机的工作原理设计了采用SG3524和IR2110为核心器件的爪极汽车发电机励磁控制电路,该电路利用SG3524产生脉宽调制信号,调制信号通过IR2110驱动功率器件,实现了爪极发电...     

火电辅机变频器低压穿越直流电压补偿及其控制

针对火电辅机变频器因厂用电压跌落而触发闭锁,造成发电机组停机的问题,设计了基于变频器直流母线电压补偿的辅助穿越装置。辅机变频器采用直接转矩控制,低压穿越装置主电路采用三重交错并联升压变换器结构,在电压跌落期间维持变频器直流母线电压稳定,同时减小输出电流高频纹波。考虑到并联模块参数差异造成的均流问题,提出在传统电压电流双闭环控制的电压外环加入均流环的解决方法,消除环流,使开关管电流应力更为均衡。由于控制系统具有非线性、强耦合的特点,传统PI控制器存在局限性,所以利用模糊控制算法优化PI控制器参数整定,改善其性能。最后用仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

A Stepping Motor Drive Circuit Using Magnetic Core Logic

A new magnetic core circuit that is used to supply power in the proper phase and time sequence to a bidirectional stepping motor is described. This circuit will power a standard voltage stepping motor from a nonstandard voltage power supply and includes a means for maintaining a constant energy pulse excitation over a wide range of dc power supply input voltage, a means for supplying power to the winding of the motor on pairs of isolated conductors, and a means for conductively isolating the low-level logic circuits from the high-level power circuits.     

一种新型结构机电混合式功率控制器技术研究

 分析了飞机270 V高压直流电力系统中对高压开关的需求，介绍了一般的混合式功率控制器（EMPC）的结构并分析了它所存在的缺陷。提出了一种新的EMPC结构形式，该结构基于RCD+继电器的吸收网络，有效地吸收关断电压尖峰，又不会在开通瞬间造成短路，新的控制方案还解决了EMPC的开通带容性负载的问题。实验表明，新型的EMPC既具有无触点开关不产生电弧的性能，又具有机械接触器导通压降小的优点，对负载的适应能力强，适合于在飞机270 V高压直流电力系统中使用。     

直流28V2A固态功率控制器的初步设计

固态功率控制器是利用功率型固体器件的导通与截止来控制功率电路的通断。本文提出了额定断开电压为直流28V,额定导通电流为2A 安的固态功率控制器的一种具体电路的设计。对电路的原理及元件选择作了说明和分析,采用消颤抖电路可消除由于机械开关触头的颤抖而引起的误动作,提高电路的可靠性。     

基于专家控制器的电动汽车感应电机弱磁区优化控制研究

由于感应电机驱动系统采用数字控制器和脉宽调制输出会伴随着数字延迟的问题,加之参数可能存在的扰动,使得传统的间接磁场定向控制方法在感应电机高速弱磁区的控制性能降低。针对此问题,提出了一种基于专家控制器和模糊推理机制的感应电机弱磁区优化控制策略。考虑到传统间接磁场定向控制中电流调节器在弱磁区若没有获得适合的电流参考指令,则可能会产生高频振荡乃至失稳。因此,在传统方法的基础上将转速闭环输出的电流参考先送入到专家控制器,专家控制器基于数据库和模糊推理,对电流参考进行修正,其中模糊推理机制基于简单的高斯函数逻辑实现。最后,构建了感应电机驱动试验平台,开展了电机在弱磁区的高速驱动试验,试验结果验证了新型控制策略的有效性。     

电磁式无刷交流同步发电机的MATLAB/PSB建模

 针对电磁式无刷交流同步发电机建模分析的困难 ,提出一种在MATLAB环境中为此类电机构造PSB模型的方法 ,即利用PSB中的测量元件模块和受控电源模块沟通电机的数学模型与电路拓扑模型 ,从而实现了高效率、高质量的“电路—电机—控制”系统的混合仿真。这一建模方法有效地解决了带电力电子装置的复杂电机控制仿真问题 ,并可方便地推广到各种机电混合系统的建模分析中。     

基于DSP的永磁同步电机控制系统硬件设计

以小功率永磁同步电机(PMSM)为研究对象,结合数字信号处理器TMS320F2812功能特点,给出了一套PMSM驱动控制系统硬件设计方案。详细阐述了功率驱动主电路、反馈信号检测电路以及供电电路的设计,介绍了主要元器件选型和参数计算方法。基于设计的硬件平台,对PMSM调速控制系统进行了测试。试验结果表明,所设计的控制系统硬件设计可靠、性能稳定、控制精度高。     

无刷直驱型圆刀裁布机的控制系统设计

针对服装产业的发展需求,采用无刷直流电机(BLDCM)驱动技术研制出一种直驱型圆刀裁布机的控制系统,实现了综合性能的提升。设计由单片机及外围电路、功率及驱动电路、霍尔位置检测电路、操控电路和辅助电源组成的数字控制器硬件电路,根据直驱结构的BLDCM特性和整个裁布机的工作特点,分析设计转速闭环控制策略。通过负载测试试验证明,调速性能精确高效；通过堵转测试试验证明,堵转时的过流保护迅速可靠。     

用于故障穿越的飞轮储能双三相异步电机驱动控制研究

随着海上风电场的发展和高压直流输电技术的应用,风电场系统存在交流侧故障穿越的问题。针对这个问题,提出了一种用于故障穿越的基于模块化多电平变频器和双三相异步电机的飞轮储能系统,并设计了其驱动控制方案。飞轮储能系统采用了模块化多电平技术能方便地构建大功率高压变频器,并具备扩容能力。为了提高飞轮储能系统的可靠性,采用了双三相异步电机驱动,从而提高了冗余性。接着设计了能均衡各个模块电容电压的双三相异步电机驱动控制算法。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台建立了风电场和飞轮储能系统的仿真模型,进行了仿真计算。仿真结果验证了飞轮储能系统的功能和驱动控制策略的性能。     

步进电机控制接口实例

文章以脉冲分配器集成电路TD2803P为主，用压控振荡器74LS624进行频率控制，采用直流固态继电器作为驱动器，步进电机采用低压双路供电，改善起动性能。该电路比以硬件为主的传统电路简单，又比以软件实现的环行分配电路节小计算机内部资源和占用I／O接口少，又很容易实现正转，反转，速度，模式，步进步数等控制，是未来步进电机控制接口技术发展的方向。     

Motor drive technologies for the Power-By-Wire (PBW) program:options, trends and tradeoffs. II. Power electronic converters anddevices

For pt. I see ibid., vol. 10, pp. 37-41 (1995). This is the second of two papers on the motor drive technology options for the Power-By-Wire (PBW). The organization of this paper is based on the four components of the electrical actuator (EA) system and the options available to suit the PBW program as given in the PBW studies. The first paper discussed the options available for the motor and the controller parts of a drive. This paper discusses the power electronic converter and device options. The power converter options are divided into hard-, snubbered- and soft-switching converters. The power device options are the MOSFET, the Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT), the gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) and the MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT)     

Highlights of a Brushless Direct-Drive Solar Array Control System Design

This paper summarizes a drive system design for controlling the position and rate of solar power arrays on orbiting spacecraft. There are no gears or sliding contact elements used anywhere in the system and only low-speed bearings are needed. Such mechanization is particularly well suited to solid lubrication techniques, and wear rates are very low, so that the drive system can operate directly in the space environment for long periods of time. Three major components were developed for implementation of this design concept. They are: 1) a brushless dc torque motor; 2) a rotary power transformer; and 3) an offset-tooth shaft position and rate sensor. These components are combined in a hybrid system configuration in which the signal processing and logic functions are performed by digital and linear integrated circuits. A root contour and describing function analysis, confirmed by experimentation, shows that several modes of limit cycle generation can occur in the vicinity of null. Compensation circuits are given that inhibit or suppress limit cycling and provide controlled electronic damping of the system. The system offers relatively high stiffness and can be operated at indefinitely low angular rates with minimum power consumption.