The comprehensive aerospace index (CASI): Tracking the economic performance of the aerospace industry

In this paper, we described the Comprehensive AeroSpace Index (CASI), a financial index aimed at representing the economic performance of the aerospace industry. CASI is build upon a data set of approximately 20 years of daily close prices set, from January 1987 to June 2007, from a comprehensive sample of leading aerospace-related companies with stocks negotiated on the New York Exchange (NYSE) and on the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. We also introduced the sub-indices CASI-AERO, for aeronautical segment, and CASI-SAT, for satellite segment, and considered the relation between them. These three indices are compared to others aerospace indices and to more traditional general financial indices like DJIA, S&P500 and Nasdaq. Our results have shown that the CASI is an index that describes very well the aerospace sector behavior, since it is able to reflect the aeronautical segment comportment as well as the satellite one. Therefore, in this sense, it can be considered as a representative index of the aerospace sector. Moreover, the creation of two sub-indices, the CASI-AERO and the CASI-SAT, allows to elucidate capital movements within the aerospace sector, particularly those of speculative nature, like the dot.com bubble and crash of 1998–2001.     

The hydrogen value chain: applying the automotive role model of the hydrogen economy in the aerospace sector to increase performance and reduce costs

Hydrogen will assume a key role in Europe's effort to adopt its energy dependent society to satisfy its needs without releasing vast amounts of greenhouse gases. The paradigm shift is so paramount that one speaks of the “Hydrogen Economy”, as the energy in this new and ecological type of economy is to be distributed by hydrogen. However, H₂ is not a primary energy source but rather an energy carrier, a means of storing, transporting and distributing energy, which has to be generated by other means.Various H₂ storage methods are possible; however industries' favourite is the storage of gaseous hydrogen in high pressure tanks. The biggest promoter of this storage methodology is the automotive industry, which is currently preparing for the generation change from the fossil fuel internal combustion engines to hydrogen based fuel cells. The current roadmaps foresee a market roll-out by 2015, when the hydrogen supply infrastructure is expected to have reached a critical mass. The hydrogen economy is about to take off as being demonstrated by various national mobility strategies, which foresee several millions of electric cars driving on the road in 2020.Fuel cell cars are only one type of “electric car”, battery electric as well as hybrid cars – all featuring electric drive trains – are the others. Which type of technology is chosen for a specific application depends primarily on the involved energy storage and power requirements. These considerations are very similar to the ones in the aerospace sector, which had introduced the fuel cell already in the 1960s. The automotive sector followed only recently, but has succeeded in moving forward the technology to a level, where the aerospace sector is starting considering to spin-in terrestrial hydrogen technologies into its technology portfolio. Target areas are again high power/high energy applications like aviation, manned spaceflight and exploration missions, as well as future generation high power telecommunication satellites. Similar trends can be expected in the future for RADAR Earth Observation satellites and space infrastructure concepts of great scale.This paper examines current activities along the hydrogen value chain, both in the terrestrial and the aerospace sector. A general assessment of the synergy potential is complemented by a thorough analysis of specific applications serving as role models like a lunar manned base or pressurised rover, an aircraft APU or a high power telecommunications satellite. Potential performance improvements and cost savings serve as key performance indicators in these comparisons and trade-offs.     

基于主成分分析的航天企业风险评价研究

基于我国我数航天企业正处于从计划经济到市场经济转轨阶段的现实，对比航天企业经济效益综合评估的诸多方法，综合考虑主成分分析法具有全面性、可比性、合理性和可行性等优点，建立了一套较为科学的航天企业风险评价方法，即在确立航天企业风险评价指标体系的基础上，运用主成分分析方法对风险指标体系进行科学的分析化筒，通过资信评价对航天企业风险状况展开评判。最后，结合实例作了进一步具有的说明。     

航天电子对抗星间天线捕获跟踪技术研究

随着卫星通信技术的发展,星间链路作为传输航天器控制指令信息和遥感数据的通道,应用越来越普遍。星间天线对信号的扫描捕获跟踪是星间链路接收的首要条件。针对航天电子对抗星间天线捕获跟踪的需求,对天线扫描捕获方法进行了研究,给出了仿真分析结果和参数选用建议。     

电磁铆接技术在航天产品上的应用

针对航天产品对电磁铆接的应用需求,介绍了国外电磁铆接技术的应用情况和国内科研院所对电磁铆接技术的研究实践工作,在此基础上对电磁铆接技术在航天产品上应用可行性进行探讨,并提出了适合应用电磁铆接技术的航天产品及其应用实施策略。     

FPGA宇航应用全流程保证技术

文章分析了FPGA的结构特点,结合宇航型号研制流程和国内近年来元器件保证技术的研究和工程实践,提出了FPGA宇航应用保证流程和保证的内容,针对其中的器件测试、封装工艺鉴定、开发验证和确认、单粒子效应减缓措施等关键技术进行了深入研究。文章提出的相关技术可以作为FPGA宇航应用评价和保证的参考。     

Will we see a regional or global duopoly in the satellite manufacturing industry? The European perspective

Consolidation in the aerospace industry in the 1990s has been swift and dramatic as companies strive to gain size and scale in order to better compete both in the global aerospace commercial market and in the regional institutional market. Restructuring has stalled, however, in the satellite manufacturing industry since the turn of the century. And, despite the significant over-capacity that plagues the market and the financial stress endured by satellite manufacturers, the industry has shown remarkable resistance to restructuring and adapting itself to the new market size and reality. This paper explores whether the current satellite manufacturing industry structure is sustainable, or whether it will evolve towards a global or regional duopoly (one or two satellite manufacturers on each side of the Atlantic), by focusing on the European side of this hypothesis.     

混合不确定信息航天机构可靠性综合分析方法

为更加准确全面描述和分析航天机构的概率、非概率和模糊信息混杂模型的可靠性,提出非概率-模糊-概率信息统一的可靠性模型。在凸集非概率的基础上,结合模糊随机类信息,同时考虑机构系统的响应域落在失效域和不落在失效域两种情况下的可靠性度量。统一的可靠性模型运用基于凸集非概率模型、模糊割集方法和概率可靠度方法对非概率和模糊概率信息相容处理,然后对这两种情况分别进行可靠性分析。当系统的响应域落在失效域时,将统一模型中的区间信息用基于区间均匀分布的二阶拟合可靠性分析方法(SORM)进行分析,用蒙特卡罗仿真抽样方法计算统一模型的可靠度量化值。当系统的响应域不落在失效域时,将统一模型归一到凸集模型中,用凸集模型融合模糊和概率信息,并用HL-RF求解非概率可靠性指标。最后文章通过数值案例和某卫星天线双轴驱动机构的工程案例对提出的方法进行验证。     

The Future of Public–Private Partnerships in Satellite Communications

Around 50 leaders and experts from space industry, governmental and financial institutions participated in an ESA conference on “The Future of Public–Private Partnerships in Satellite Communications” in Vienna in March 2009. An increasing portion of commercial and institutional space projects are operated under the provisions of service contracts, with public–private partnerships (PPPs) becoming a significant source of financing for space programmes. The conference was based on a study initiated by ESA and performed by Euroconsult, Milbank and ESPI, outlining the main perspectives of modern PPP models in the European satellite communications sector.     

超轻开孔泡沫铝及其在航天领域的应用

超轻开孔泡沫铝具有孔隙率高、质量小、比表面积大、比强度高等特征,是一种结构性与功能性兼备的新型材料,在航空航天、能源与环境等领域有广泛的应用前景。文章针对航天领域对轻质功能性材料的需求,介绍了超轻开孔泡沫铝的基本结构、性能特征以及相关研究进展,并对该材料在航天领域的应用进行了展望,希望为未来航天器的设计提供参考。     

从空天防御体系建设看航天电子对抗未来发展

空天防御作战是指在国家最高空天防御指挥机构统一指挥下,综合运用陆基、海基、空基和天基作战力量,对航空、航天空间各类来袭目标及其武器系统实时的先制、抗击和防护作战行动.简述了美俄的导弹空天防御体系建设思路,结合空天防御的热点,总结出航天电子对抗的未来发展方向.     

基于Kubernetes的航天地面应用软件架构设计与实现

为了满足航天地面应用软件功能组成日益复杂、资源动态重组、系统可用性要求越来越高等新需求，采用微服务架构思想并结合容器轻量级的特点，设计并实现了一套基于Kubernetes微服务管理的航天地面应用软件架构，详细介绍了微服务划分和部署、服务发现和负载均衡、服务动态更新以及服务高可用等关键功能并进行了关键性能测试。测试结果表明，架构有效提高了复杂化的航天地面应用软件的可用性、可复用性和资源利用率，极大地降低了软件开发和运维成本。     

航天材料基因工程及其若干关键技术

材料基因工程的理念和将空间环境与效应纳入到航天材料研制全流程的思路将对航天材料的开发带来颠覆性的革命。文章在对国内外材料基因组计划和航天材料需求分析的基础上,首先对航天材料基因工程的内涵进行阐述,进而对基于航天材料基因工程的航天材料研制流程进行分析,最后结合空间环境效应及材料基因工程,从计算工具、试验工具、数字化数据三个维度,提出空间多因素环境与航天材料的耦合作用机理、航天材料空间多因素环境效应等效评价方法、空间复杂使役环境下航天材料性能演化模型、航天材料空间环境效应数据库、基于材料基因工程的航天材料设计模型、航天材料研制的不确定性及优化方法等关键技术和发展方向。     

航天电子对抗的概念与发展

从电子对抗的概念出发,阐述航天电子对抗的概念和在现代战争中的核心作用, 概述国内外航天电子对抗的发展情况和航天电子对抗的需求. 在分析航天电子对抗的特点和技术途径的基础上,提出航天电子对抗系统的总体设想及其组成,最后分析航天电子对抗的关键技术.     

导电塑料在航天领域的应用展望

文章从导电塑料的概念和原理出发,分析了其衍生产品在航天领域应用的可行性,并提出了航天器塑料化的发展路线建议。导电塑料的发明使得塑料从绝缘体跨入导体和半导体的行列,由导电塑料衍生出的塑料屏蔽薄膜、塑料太阳能电池、塑料蓄电池等高性能、低成本产品为航天产品轻小型化、塑料化开辟出新的发展方向。     

Analysis of Low-Frequency Microaccelerations onboard the Foton-11Satellite

The method and the results of investigating the low-frequency component of microaccelerations onboard the Foton-11satellite are presented. The investigation was based on the processing of data of the angular velocity measurements made by the German system QSAM, as well as the data of measurements of microaccelerations performed by the QSAM system and by the French accelerometer BETA. The processing was carried out in the following manner. A low-frequency (frequencies less than 0.01 Hz) component was selected from the data of measurements of each component of the angular velocity vector or of the microacceleration, and an approximation was constructed of the obtained vector function by a similar function that was calculated along the solutions to the differential equations of motion of the satellite with respect to its center of mass. The construction was carried out by the least squares method. The initial conditions of the satellite motion, its aerodynamic parameters, and constant biases in the measurement data were used as fitting parameters. The time intervals on which the approximation was constructed were from one to five hours long. The processing of the measurements performed with three different instruments produced sufficiently close results. It turned out to be that the rotational motion of the satellite during nearly the entire flight was close to the regular Eulerian precession of the axially symmetric rigid body. The angular velocity of the satellite with respect to its longitudinal axis was about 1 deg/s, while the projection of the angular velocity onto the plane perpendicular to this axis had an absolute value of about 0.2 deg/s. The magnitude of the quasistatic component of microaccelerations in the locations of the accelerometers QSAM and BETA did not exceed 5 × 10^–5–10^–4m/s²for the considered motion of the satellite.     

航空航天复合材料发展现状及前景

文章通过空客A-350XWB飞机和波音公司B-787飞机复合材料之战的实际案例,介绍了航空航天应用复合材料,特别是碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）的发展现状、特点以及航空航天复合材料结构一体化综合等新技术,并对未来发展前景进行讨论。     

预警体系面临新型目标的严峻挑战

未来战争威胁主要来自空天,超高声速武器等新型目标的发展给预警体系提出了严峻挑战。在分析常规雷达探测技术与新型航空航天目标特征的基础上,重点就现代雷达探测新型目标的关键技术与核心问题进行了研究,并给出了相关仿真结果。     

The real aerospace plane

In this article reproduced from Aerospace, Spring 1986, James Haggerty reports on the US National Aerospace Plane (NASP) research programme. NASP is a joint Department of Defense/NASA programme to develop and demonstrate the technologies for a revolutionary class of aerospace vehicles, powered by airbreathing engines, that would have the capability to take off from and land horizontally on standard runways, cruise in the atmosphere at hypersonic speeds, or fly into low-Earth orbit. The Air Force has been named executive agency for the programme. NASA is charged with overall technology direction. Other DoD participants include DARPA, the Navy and the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization.

In April 1986, the USAF awarded development contracts to seven aerospace manufacturing firms. Contracts for air-frame design went to Boeing Aerospace Company, Lockheed Advanced Aeronautics Company, General Dynamics Corporation, McDonnell Douglas Corporation and Rockwell International Corporation. General Electric Company and Pratt & Whitney Division of United Technologies were awarded propulsion contracts.     

宇航用脉宽调制器评估试验方法

文章结合航天应用需求和脉宽调制器的特点,对宇航用脉宽调制器评估试验的方法和项目开展了深入研究,针对脉宽调制器在寿命前后及不同温度下的典型振荡频率的温漂,基准电压的温漂及长期稳定性,以及外接电阻、电容与振荡频率的关系等特性进行了评估。并通过试验验证了评估方法的有效性,可以为脉宽调制器的宇航应用提供全面的数据支撑和应用指导。