多重分形谱及其计算

多重分形理论是进行信号奇异性处理的有用工具,由于只有少数集合的多重分形谱可以有解析表达式,多重分形谱的计算是其中重要而又较难处理的问题.简要介绍了多重分形理论的一种形式体系,提出了一种采用动态链表来进行多重分形谱计算的方法,大幅度地降低了对存储器容量的要求.用所提出的方法对康托集进行了计算,计算结果与理论结果相符,表明了算法的有效性.     

Chaos and multifractals in the solar wind

By using the false-nearest-neighbours method, we have argued that the deterministic component of solar wind plasma dynamics should be low-dimensional. In fact, the results we have obtained using the method of topological embedding indicate that the behaviour of the solar wind can be approximately described by a low-dimensional chaotic attractor in the inertial manifold, which is a subspace of system phase space. We have also shown that the multifractal spectrum of the solar wind attractor is consistent with that for the multifractal measure of the self-similar generalized weighted Cantor set with two different scaling parameters and one probability measure parameter responsible for nonuniform compression in phase space and multifractality. The values of the parameters fitted also demonstrate that the complex solar wind system could only be weakly non-conservative (small dissipation) and quantify nonlinear dynamics; some parts of the attractor in phase space are visited much more frequently than other parts. In addition, to quantify the multifractality of space plasma intermittent turbulence, we consider that generalized Cantor set also in the context of scaling properties of solar wind turbulence. We investigate the resulting multifractal spectrum of a one-dimensional phenomenological model of turbulence cascade depending on its parameters, especially for asymmetric scaling. In particular, we have shown that intermittent pulses are stronger for the cascade model with two different scaling parameters. Even thought solar wind turbulence appears to be rather space filling, a better agreement with the data is obtained, especially for the negative index of generalized dimensions. Therefore we argue that there is a need to use a two-scale asymmetric cascade model. We hope that this generalized multifractal model will be a useful tool for analysis of intermittent turbulence in space plasmas. We thus believe that fractal analysis of chaotic systems could lead us to a deeper understanding of their nature, and maybe even to predict their seemingly unpredictable behaviour.     

基于小波的网络连接层流量模型

最近研究表明网络流量的统计特性在不同尺度上表现出很大的差异,由大量具有高斯性的网络流量和少量的突发性网络流量组成.为了更好地理解这种复杂的网络流量统计特性,引入多尺度分析工具小波,在多尺度分析的基础上提出一种新的基于小波的网络连接层流量模型,有机地结合了独立小波模型和多重分形小波模型的优点,即保持了独立小波模型在不同尺度对高斯性方差的拟合,同时保持了多重分形小波模型对突发性的拟合.真实网络流量的仿真结果表明这个模型能够灵活地适应网络流量在不同尺度下所表现出的高斯特性和突发行为.     

Universal scaling laws for fully-developed magnetic field turbulence near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock

We analyze the multifractal scaling of the modulus of the interplanetary magnetic field near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, measured by Cluster and ACE, respectively, from 1 to 3 February 2002. The maximum order of the structure function is carefully estimated for each time series using two different techniques, to ensure the validity of our high-order statistics. The first technique consists of plotting the integrand of the pth order structure function, and the second technique is a quantitative method which relies on the power-law scaling of the extreme events. We compare the scaling exponents computed from the structure functions of magnetic field differences with the predictions obtained by the She–Lévêque model of intermittency in anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Our results show a good agreement between the model and the observations near and far upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, rendering support for the modelling of universal scaling laws based on the Kolmogorov phenomenology in the presence of sheet-like dissipative structures.     

Turbulence,complexity, and solar flares

The issue of predicting solar flares is one of the most fundamental in physics, addressing issues of plasma physics, high-energy physics, and modelling of complex systems. It also poses societal consequences, with our ever-increasing need for accurate space weather forecasts. Solar flares arise naturally as a competition between an input (flux emergence and rearrangement) in the photosphere and an output (electrical current build up and resistive dissipation) in the corona. Although initially localised, this redistribution affects neighbouring regions and an avalanche occurs resulting in large scale eruptions of plasma, particles, and magnetic field. As flares are powered from the stressed field rooted in the photosphere, a study of the photospheric magnetic complexity can be used to both predict activity and understand the physics of the magnetic field. The magnetic energy spectrum and multifractal spectrum are highlighted as two possible approaches to this.     

一种起落架载荷谱相似性判别方法

起落架结构的寿命监控对保障其安全性与经济性具有重要作用,但由于地面谱复杂的高低载荷非线性交互作用,难以准确计算单机谱的损伤。以当量损伤计算方法为基础,通过对寿命监控中的单机谱进行初步筛选,判别单机谱与基准谱的相似程度,进而分析损伤计算方法的适用性。提出了一种基于时间序列分析中的动态时间弯曲方法的起落架载荷谱相似性判别方法,进行了基准谱与4个单机谱下的疲劳实验,通过分析损伤计算误差与起落架载荷谱相似距离的关系,验证所提载荷谱相似性判别方法的合理性。      

变更载荷谱情况下的耐久性分析技术与应用

针对全尺寸飞机结构疲劳(耐久性)试验过程中更改载荷谱情况下对全尺寸结构疲劳试验机(单机)进行耐久性评定的需求,基于耐久性分析的概率断裂力学方法和改进的裂纹萌生方法,提出了综合不同谱下耐久性试验数据集确定描述结构细节原始疲劳质量的当量初始缺陷尺寸分布的方法,给出了载荷谱变更情况下计算各应力区裂纹超越概率的损伤累加方法,从而建立了能够准确预测载荷谱变更情况下结构经济寿命的耐久性评定方法.这种方法已成功应用于某型飞机结构全尺寸试验中更改载荷谱情况的耐久性评定,有着重要的工程应用价值.      

歼击机特殊部件设计载荷谱编制技术

介绍了用飞行模拟仿真法编制新机设计载荷谱的技术途径和特点.重点阐述了整体油箱压力/应力谱和垂尾阵风侧滑机动谱等歼击机特殊部件设计载荷谱编制技术.整体油箱载荷谱编制的关键在于各种载荷状态的压力计算,还应考虑地-空-地循环.垂尾谱不能完全由飞行模拟获得,而必须以空测统计数据为基础.     

飞轮振动频谱特征的初步理论分析和验证

飞轮振动是影响卫星姿态控制精度的重要因素。通过理论分析的方法初步分析了飞轮振动频谱的基本组成特征,其中包括滚动轴承的振动特性。理论分析表明,飞轮径向振动频谱中主要包括飞轮旋转频率成分及其高次倍频成分。最后利用振动测量实验数据验证理论分析结果的合理性和准确性。     

冬季中层顶区域重力波谱特性

使用DYANA试验期间19枚Chaff火箭在81—105km高度范围测量的高分辨率水平速度数据，研究标量水平速度垂直波数谱在冬季的谱特性．分析结果显示冬季平均垂直波数谱有-3．02的谱斜率，这与各种饱和理论预测的-3谱斜率很一致，提供了饱和重力波谱在冬季的观测证据．与各种饱和理论比较表明，这个冬季谱的谱振幅与线性饱和理论预测的谱振幅完全一致，但是总是小于非线性饱和理论预期的、激光雷达测量的谱振幅．这个冬季谱与最近得到的夏季饱和重力波谱一道，共同表明我们的观测结果支持了线性饱和理论，而不管季节，地理位置和高度范围的不同．由这个冬季谱估计的盛行垂直波长为15km，它比夏季的12．8km盛行垂直波长稍大．     

On the effects of dynamical turbulence on the perpendicular diffusion of low-energy cosmic ray electrons

Diffusion perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field plays an integral role in the transport of charged particles in the heliosphere. In this study the perpendicular diffusion coefficient of low-energy cosmic ray electrons is calculated, using an equation derived from the random ballistic decorrelation interpretation of nonlinear guiding centre theory. An observationally motivated 2D turbulence power spectrum is assumed and the effects of various turbulence inputs on the resulting perpendicular diffusion coefficient are investigated. The perpendicular diffusion coefficients are first determined at 1 AU, for both magnetostatic and dynamical turbulence conditions. These solutions are also evaluated for radial distances of 0.1 AU to 10 AU to further investigate the values of the perpendicular diffusion coefficients in the very inner heliosphere. The results of this study show that the dissipation range of the turbulence power spectrum provides a negligible contribution towards the perpendicular diffusion coefficient, and that solutions derived using only the energy containing range serve as good approximations for solutions derived assuming the full 2D turbulence power spectrum. Finally, it is shown that the effects of dynamical turbulence, as considered in the present study, do not affect the perpendicular diffusion coefficients derived from the scattering theory considered here.     

FFH／DS混合扩频体制通信技术研究

简要介绍扩频通信的基本原理和不同种类扩频方式的特点,提出了一种用直扩芯片和数字频率合成器实现FFH/DS混合扩频通信系统的技术方案。     

小行星探测用双谱段相机设计

基于DSP+FPGA架构,采用全透式光学系统及非制冷红外探测器和CMOS探测器,设计并实现了一种轻小型双谱段相机。该相机同时具备红外和可见光成像能力,可作为小行星探测用光学敏感器的原型机,也可作为微小卫星的光学载荷。首先,建立了双谱段相机的技术指标体系;其次,论述了相机的组成和基本工作原理;再次,详细阐述了相机的光学系统和电子学设计;最后,介绍了原理样机的研制情况。     

中值随机载荷谱数据处理专家系统

解决飞机结构定寿、延寿的先决条件是,编制出能模拟飞机真实情况具有代表性的典型载荷-时间历程,即载荷谱,以此作为理论分析和全尺寸结构疲劳试验的基础.对此,在探讨中值随机载荷谱数据处理与编制过程的基础上,建立了中值随机载荷谱数据处理专家系统.内容包括系统结构设计、数据描述与参数设置、实现过程和数据库设计等.本项研究成果已用于飞机、航空发动机、飞机起落架和主战坦克等载荷谱的实测数据处理与编制之中.     

雷达对扩频通信系统干扰分析方法

针对雷达与扩频通信系统的电磁兼容问题,提出一种基于时域符号级的雷达干扰分析方法.首先详细分析了雷达对扩频通信系统电磁辐射干扰的机理,推导得出扩频通信系统在脉冲雷达干扰下的误码率公式和曲线;然后利用建立的雷达电磁干扰仿真模型,对扩频通信系统采用不同扩频因子以及不同频率隔离度时的受扰性能进行了仿真分析,验证了理论分析结果的合理性;最后利用所提方法计算给出了微波频段5种典型雷达与扩频通信系统的频率-距离隔离关系.研究结果表明:该方法对于在更深层次上揭示雷达辐射干扰的本质,提高频谱利用效率具有重要意义.     

用泰勒级数求解非线性代数和微分方程组

提出一种求解非线性代数方程和非线性常微分方程的新方法。所论方程组被转换成增量形式，而解被表示成泰勒级数。在代数方程（多项式形式）的情况下，此算法归结为求解一系列线性方程组，而且在每一增量步中系数矩阵是不变的；在常微分方程组的情况下，此算法归结为一组递归算式，并不要求解方程组。此方法固有的自动走步功能，可保证得到收敛的解，从而大大节省计算时间。     

一种基于小波变换的多分形布朗运动合成算法

为了更有效地描述点状奇异性指数沿样本路径变化的信号,利用多分形的概念,在基于离散小波变换技术的基础上,提出了一种合成多分形布朗运动的新算法.该算法通过控制高斯白噪声的小波系数权来获得期望的信号局部正则性,而合成过程的收敛性由收敛因子保证.通过与基于Durbin-Levinson 和轮换矩阵嵌入技术算法的比较以及数字仿真试验,表明提出的算法不仅计算复杂度低,而且适用于生成非高斯的、自协方差函数事先未知的多分形过程.      

非单调语义网络中继承的信任理论

描述了一种新的具有例外的多继承语义网络推理方法--继承的信任理论,这是一种很具有吸引力的可废止继承方法.它应用于非循环语义网络的继承的分析,能够产生适合于继承直觉的非多义性结论.文中还讨论了Etherington的基于缺省逻辑的继承理论,提出了继承信任理论和继承信任缺省逻辑.给出了继承信任逻辑的性质,并且证明了构造继承信任缺省逻辑理论的唯一扩张是递推过程.信任理论的扩张能够快速求解.这种快速推理算法可以应用于专家系统推理.