CDAS 主站测距机方案设计

为完成风云二号卫星三点测距任务,研制了ＣＤＡＳ主站测距机。介绍了测距机的用途和功能,叙述了侧音测距原理和距离测量过程,给出了测距机性能指标和系统组成,设计了一纯侧音测距体制的测距机方案,讨论了方案设计的技术特点及其达到的性能。     

风云二号气象卫星指令与数据获取站

风云二号气象卫星指令与数据获取站是中国第一套集遥感图像接收与实时处理,多种云图广播与数据通信,以及对卫星跟踪、三点测距、确定卫星姿态、遥测、遥控等多种功能于一体,多载波体制工作的具有国际先进水平的大型综合站。文章对其任务、系统组成与功能进行介绍,给出了系统框图和主要参数。对研制全过程的重要技术问题,特别是对原始云图实时处理为展宽云图,三点测距等关键技术难点进行了较详细的分析。     

“风云二号”再踏长征路

中国航天科技集团公司成立一周年之际,6月25日19时50分,由航天科技集团公司所属上海航天技术研究院与中国空间技术研究院、第四研究院,以及中国科学院、信息产业部所属有关单位共同研制的风云二号气象卫星,“乘坐”长征三号运载火箭从西昌起飞,踏上了漫漫的太空之旅。 风云二号气象卫星是完全依靠国内的力量,自力更生研制的。卫星设计工作寿命3年,由国家卫星气象中心北京CDAS站     

静观风雨 感知冷暖——“风云家族”的作为与贡献

<正>2014年12月31日9点02分,随着风云二号08星顺利升空,备受关注的"风云家族"又添"新丁"。据专家介绍,风云二号08星是风云二号03批地球静止轨道气象卫星工程的第二颗业务应用卫星,与风云二号02批卫星相比,风云二号08星观测能力有了进一步提升,测量大气温度和湿度变化等方面的误差值更小,数据更精准,其探测波段完全与国际接轨。同时,该卫星在区域快速观测     

北斗GEO卫星CEI相时延解算方法研究

连线端站干涉测量(connected element interferometry，CEI)是高精度测角技术，在中高轨卫星、月球及深空航天器定轨定位中有良好的应用前景。基于CEI技术特点，提出了一种新的测量方法，即在相干测距模式下利用测距音和载波信号作为信号源进行连线端站干涉测量。构建了CEI试验系统对北斗GEO卫星进行观测，利用相干测距模式下的下行信号解算群时延、相时延。利用北斗GEO卫星精密星历计算的时延理论值，对北斗GEO卫星CEI群时延和相时延结果进行评估。结果表明，相干测距模式下CEI群时延和相时延残差均值分别为0.47ns、0.08ns，标准差(3σ)分别4.2ns、0.13ns。该项研究验证了相干测距模式下CEI相时延解算的可行性，可为共位地球同步卫星精密相对定位、月球探测器CEI测量提供技术参考。     

基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法

在转发式卫星测定轨系统中,基于伪码测距原理的星地距离测量是实现卫星精密定轨和高精度时间比对的基础。为获得高精度的星地距离,需要将地面站设备时延从伪码测距值中精确扣除。在转发式卫星测轨原理的基础上,提出了基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法,实现了对转发式地面站设备时延的标校,标校精度能够优于0.5ns,对提高转发式卫星定轨精度和卫星双向时间比对精度具有重要作用。     

卫星扩频信号抗窄带干扰性能限研究CSCD

卫星扩频信号的抗干扰性能关系到卫星链路系统的安全性。在高精度测距和有限星载处理能力约束下增加抗干扰环节会增加信号接收机复杂度并且引入测距误差,定量分析扩频测距中的天然抗窄带干扰能力可以为在什么条件下不需要采取抗干扰措施提供决策,对优化系统设计具有重要意义。本文对扩频测距的抗窄带干扰性能限进行了定量计算、分析,设计了实验测试方法和系统,达到了预期目的。     

卫星扩频信号抗窄带干扰性能限研究

卫星扩频信号的抗干扰性能关系到卫星链路系统的安全性。在高精度测距和有限星载处理能力约束下增加抗干扰环节会增加信号接收机复杂度并且引入测距误差,定量分析扩频测距中的天然抗窄带干扰能力可以为在什么条件下不需要采取抗干扰措施提供决策,对优化系统设计具有重要意义。本文对扩频测距的抗窄带干扰性能限进行了定量计算、分析,设计了实验测试方法和系统,达到了预期目的。     

基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法

在转发式卫星测定轨系统中,基于伪码测距原理的星地距离测量是实现卫星精密定轨和高精度时间比对的基础。为获得高精度的星地距离,需要将地面站设备时延从伪码测距值中精确扣除。在转发式卫星测轨原理的基础上,提出了基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法,实现了对转发式地面站设备时延的标校,标校精度能够优于0.5ns,对提高转发式卫星定轨精度和卫星双向时间比对精度具有重要作用。     

多级容错实时遥测定姿系统

介绍了风云二号卫星指令与数据获取站（ＣＤＡＳ）实时遥测定姿系统,该系统是一个采用多级容错、多处理器并发运行体系结构,统一实现包括精太阳脉冲解调在内的模拟遥测信号实时处理、卫星姿态实时确定、编码遥测信号解调和数据实时处理、卫星星－地回路仿真测试及系统大容量数据、图形、字符实时处理、通信、记录等多功能、长寿命、高可靠实时遥测定姿系统。     

基于光学测角数据的风云四号同步轨道卫星精密定轨

针对风云四号同步卫星的精密定轨和精度评估需求,首先利用地面光学测角数据对FY-4A卫星进行精密定轨,定轨后方位角和高度角的残差rms分别为0.25＂和0.45＂。与基于测距数据的轨道相比,位置精度在有测角数据的弧段内小于50m。进一步联合测角数据和测距数据对FY-4A卫星进行联合定轨,定轨后轨道重叠精度优于15m。利用联合定轨结果评估了基于测距数据的实时轨道产品精度,可以明显发现轨道精度随着测距数据的积累而逐步提高。     

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

“风云一号” B 卫星姿态控制系统

“风云一号”气象卫星姿态控制系统采用了三轴稳定对地定向的主动控制方案。已发射了两颗（Ａ、Ｂ）卫星,其中Ｂ星是在Ａ星主控系统的基础上,增加了一个完整的备份系统,采取一系列冗余措施并设计全方位姿态重新捕获的故障对策。经飞行试验及在轨故障应急处理证明,系统设计是完善和成功的,其中反作用飞轮控制、偏置动量控制、磁章动进动和飞轮卸载控制、全方位姿态重新捕获方案在中国是首次采用,均取得了较好的飞行效果,为长寿命卫星姿态控制系统的设计积累了宝贵经验。     

环火星测量数据处理及精密轨道确定

为支持我国首次火星探测任务取得圆满成功，宇航动力学国家重点实验室将全自主开发的精密定轨平台系统，应用于环火星轨道确定中。为满足多对象、多弧段、多中心天体的定轨需求，平台系统设计了卫星结构、测站结构、观测结构和天体结构4大基础结构，并在4大基础结构之上，设计了灵活的弧段结构和估计结构。为验证平台系统是否具备环火星定轨能力，平台系统首先使用2020年上半年跟踪火星快车实验的数据对测量模型进行了检核，得到了理论测距和实测测距偏差（11m~21m）；其次，使用2009年实测双程测速和三程测速数据定轨，单独使用双程测速定轨，轨道与欧空局精密星历位置偏差最大不超过100m，测速残差的均方根（Root Mean Square, RMS）为0.0137(cm/s)。使用三程测速定轨，位置偏差不超过250m，三程测速RMS为0.0119（cm/s）；最后，使用两天三站测距仿真进行了自定轨验证，初轨和随机差都基本收敛回仿真初值。结果显示，宇航动力学国家重点实验室精密定轨系统能够满足我国首次火星探测任务的基本需求。     

Recent Progress of Fengyun Meteorology Satellites

After nearly 50 years of development, Fengyun (FY) satellite ushered in its best moment. China has become one of the three countries or units in the world (China, USA, and EU) that maintain both polar orbit and geostationary orbit satellites operationally. Up to now, there are 17 Fengyun (FY) satellites that have been launched successfully since 1988. There are two FY polar orbital satellites and four FY geostationary orbit satellites operate in the space to provide a huge amount of the earth observation data to the user communities. The FY satellite data has been applied not only in the meteorological but also in agriculture, hydraulic engineering, environmental, education, scientific research and other fields. More recently, three meteorological satellites have been launched within the past two years. They are FY-4A on 11 December 2016, FY-3D on 15 November 2017 and FY-2H on 5 June 2018. This paper introduces the current status of FY meteorological satellites and data service. The updates of the latest three satellites have been addressed. The characteristics of their payloads on-boarding have been specified in details and the benefit fields have been anticipated separately.      

Spin motion determination of the Envisat satellite through laser ranging measurements from a single pass measured by a single station

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is used to accurately determine the position of space objects equipped with so-called retro-reflectors or retro-reflector arrays (RRA). This type of measurement allows to measure the range to the spacecraft with high precision, which leads to determination of very accurate orbits for these targets. Non-active spacecraft, which are not attitude controlled any longer, tend to start to spin or tumble under influence of the external and internal torques and forces.If the return signal is measured for a non-spherical non-active rotating object, the signal in the range residuals with respect to the reference orbit is more complex. For rotating objects the return signal shows an oscillating pattern or patterns caused by the RRA moving around the satellite’s centre of mass. This behaviour is projected onto the radial component measured by the SLR.In our work, we demonstrate how the SLR ranging technique from one sensor to a satellite equipped with a RRA can be used to precisely determine its spin motion during one passage. Multiple SLR measurements of one target over time allow to accurately monitor spin motion changes which can be further used for attitude predictions. We show our solutions of the spin motion determined for the non-active ESA satellite Envisat obtained from measurements acquired during years 2013–2015 by the Zimmerwald SLR station, Switzerland. All the necessary parameters are defined for our own so-called point-like model which describes the motion of a point in space around the satellite centre of mass.     

Design and performances of laser retro-reflector arrays for Beidou navigation satellites and SLR observations

Beidou is the regional satellite navigation system in China, consisting of three kinds of orbiting satellites, MEO, GEO and IGSO, with the orbital altitudes of 21500–36000 km. For improving the accuracy of satellites orbit determination, calibrating microwave measuring techniques and providing better navigation service, all Beidou satellites are equipped with laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) to implement high precision laser ranging. The paper presents the design of LRAs for Beidou navigation satellites and the method of inclined installation of LRAs for GEO satellites to increase the effective reflective areas for the regional ground stations. By using the SLR system, the observations for Beidou satellites demonstrated a precision of centimeters. The performances of these LRAs on Beidou satellites are very excellent.