具有效率优化计算的异步电动机自抗扰与滑模直接转矩控制

为了克服异步电动机直接转矩控制中转矩和电流脉动大等缺点,设计改进的自抗扰速度控制器取代传统的比例积分(PI)控制器。根据异步电动机的数学模型以及滑模变结构控制理论设计了一种基于转矩误差和磁链平方误差的新型滑模控制器。考虑电机运行过程中负载转矩未知问题,设计了一种基于Supertwisting算法的负载转矩观测器。Supertwisting定子磁链观测器的应用提高了观测精确度。通过效率优化计算得出稳态时最优定子磁链,并将其引入调速系统。仿真试验结果表明,该控制策略有效地减小了转矩和电流脉动,并且对外部扰动具有较强抑制作用,同时能够降低电机运行损耗,具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

基于模糊控制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

设计了基于模糊控制的永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)系统,采用模糊控制器取代了传统DTC系统中的磁链和转矩滞环比较器及开关表。仿真结果表明:模糊控制PMSM DTC系统运行良好,可实现四象限运行,与传统开关表相比,可有效减小转矩脉动和平均开关频率。研究了转矩误差论域和零电压矢量对模糊控制性能的影响,并基于转矩角对电压矢量作用的影响规律,提出了考虑转矩角的PMSM模糊直接转矩控制。仿真结果表明:在转矩角较大时,考虑转矩角的PMSM模糊DTC系统可有效减小转矩和磁链脉动,改善控制性能。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

永磁同步电机变论域模糊直接转矩控制

直接转矩控制(DTC)相比矢量控制转矩响应快,能够很好地适应对转矩响应要求较高的应用场合。但常规DTC存在转矩脉动、磁链脉动大和谐波电流较大的缺点,可能导致更高的定子铜耗,从而降低驱动效率。针对这一问题,以DTC基本原理为出发点,提出一种用磁链和转矩模糊控制器代替传统滞环比较器的控制策略。常规模糊控制器可能会出现模糊规则不足或得不到充分应用的情况,导致模糊控制效果变差,针对这一不足在转矩环加入变论域模糊控制。使用MATLAB/Simulink对变论域模糊DTC系统进行仿真。仿真结果表明:该变论域模糊控制系统能够有效地抑制转矩脉动、磁链脉动和谐波电流。     

Study on Friction Torque Loading with an Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

This article, in order to precisely impose friction on aircraft and weapon actuation systems, presents a new friction loading method characteristic of “torque-zero velocity” switching control with an electro-hydraulic load simulator. As the general Stribeck friction model has little related to static friction, it proposes a “torque-zero velocity” switcher, in which a zero-velocity controller is developed to load the static friction and a torque controller the kinetic friction. With the help of mathematical modeling, this article designs a “torque-zero velocity” switching controller and, correspondingly, provides a “dual-threshold judgment” algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can be successfully used to carry out the static and kinetic friction simulation with an electro-hydraulic load simulator.     

Active fault-tolerant control strategy of large civil aircraft under elevator failures

Aircraft longitudinal control is the most important actuation system and its failures would lead to catastrophic accident of aircraft. This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control(AFTC) strategy for civil aircraft with different numbers of faulty elevators. In order to improve the fault-tolerant flight control system performance and effective utilization of the control surface, trimmable horizontal stabilizer(THS) is considered to generate the extra pitch moment. A suitable switching mechanism with performance improvement coefficient is proposed to determine when it is worthwhile to utilize THS. Furthermore, AFTC strategy is detailed by using model following technique and the proposed THS switching mechanism. The basic fault-tolerant controller is designed to guarantee longitudinal control system stability and acceptable performance degradation under partial elevators failure. The proposed AFTC is applied to Boeing 747-200 numerical model and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed AFTC approach.     

基于降维负载转矩观测器的调速系统控制技术研究

针对高精度电动燃油调速系统在负载突变工作时燃油增压与燃油流量调节的稳定性问题,研究了前馈补偿控制策略,提出了一种基于降维负载转矩观测器的抗负载扰动控制方法。该方法实时对电动调速系统的同步电机输出转速与负载转矩进行观测,并将观测到的负载转矩补偿到同步电机交轴电流,实现闭环调速控制,从而避免了负载扰动影响系统输出转速,减小电动燃油泵对燃油的压力与流量的影响。仿真和试验结果表明,在快速加载与卸载实验条件下所提出的方法的正确性与可行性。     

陀螺稳定平台视轴稳定系统自适应模糊PID控制

 在运动载体上的光电跟踪系统中，需要采用建立在陀螺稳定平台上的视轴稳定控制。分析了平台结构和惯性稳定隔离原理。针对系统机械谐振、力矩耦合及电气参数波动等非线性不确定因素的影响，设计了复合自适应模糊PID控制器。引入自适应调整因子进行控制规则和参数的在线修正，采用复合控制克服模糊控制固有的盲区，实现无差调节。在光电跟踪转台上的实验结果显示该方法能够有效地隔离载体扰动，减小扰动造成的误差，保证视轴对目标的准确瞄准，具有快速的动态响应和较强的抗干扰性。     

基于非线性抗扰滑模控制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)内部参数不确定和外部干扰未知的问题,提出了一种基于非线性光滑扩张状态观测器(ESO)的非线性控制方法。通过引入非线性光滑函数设计了ESO,实现了对PMSM内部和外部不确定因素的观测,并把观测结果实时补偿给非线性控制器,有效提高了电机的动静态性能和抗扰能力。采用基于非线性光滑函数的滑模控制器替代传统直接转矩控制中的滞环控制器,有效地削弱了转矩和磁链的抖振和脉动。仿真结果表明所提方法响应速度快、稳定性好、抗扰能力强,是一种鲁棒性强的控制方法。     

基于遗传算法和转矩分配函数的开关磁阻电机转矩脉动抑制

开关磁阻电机(SRM)特殊的双凸极结构导致其运行时会产生很强的转矩脉动。传统的转矩分配函数(TSF)控制方法虽然可以在一定程度上起到抑制转矩脉动的作用,但是受到开关频率、功率电源电压值等物理条件的限制,仍会存在较大的转矩脉动。为此,提出了一种基于遗传算法的SRM TSF控制方案。利用遗传算法良好的寻优能力,在指数型TSF控制的基础上,将转矩脉动作为优化目标来寻取最优的开关角。将1台四相8/6极的SRM作为研究对象,搭建了以TMS320F28335为控制核心的试验平台。试验结果验证了基于遗传算法的TSF控制方法可以有效减小SRM的转矩脉动。     

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.     

基于预测扭矩前馈的涡轴发动机内模控制方法

基于内模原理设计了涡轴发动机功率涡轮转速控制器.针对主旋翼扭矩变化对功率涡轮转速的干扰,提出了一种基于极端学习机的扭矩预测方法.极端学习机训练基于动态仿真数据,其输入通过相关分析获得.基于内模原理的功率涡轮转速控制器采用极点配置的设计方法,将输入信号的内模直接加入控制器,实现鲁棒跟踪.扭矩前馈采用比例微分(PD)控制策略,实现对发动机负载变化干扰的有效补偿.数字仿真结果表明:极端学习机扭矩预测精度高,扭矩相对误差小于1.5‰,与不加前馈控制相比,所提出的控制方法减小了机动飞行过程中功率涡轮转速的超调或下垂30%以上.      

基于支持向量回归机的发动机/直升机扭矩超前控制

主要研究涡轴发动机转速按扰动补偿控制问题,提出了一种基于迭代约简最小二乘支持向量回归机算法和模型预测机制的直升机扭矩动态超前预测模型设计方法.首先用迭代约简最小二乘支持向量回归机设计了旋翼扭矩按飞行状态和操纵量估计的非参数动态反馈模型,然后设置了扭矩模型预测机制,以获得扭矩的超前动态信息.接着利用扭矩超前预测信息设计了...     

基于MRP的全局稳定的PID刚体姿态控制

针对刚性航天器姿态控制问题,建立了由修正Rodrigues参数(MRP)表示的混杂姿态模型,并基于此模型设计了一种具有迟滞特性的非线性比例-积分-微分(PID)切换控制器.该控制器包含一个对克里奥利力矩和期望机动力矩的前馈补偿项和一个用于消除轨迹跟踪误差的PID反馈项.通过一个特别的Lyapunov函数分析得到了全局渐...     

基于Lyapunov函数的永磁同步电机速度控制器设计

传统的PI 速度控制器具有速度超调、动态时间长、跟踪精度低、抗负载转矩扰动能力和恢复能力差等缺点。提出了利用永磁同步电机(PMSM)的运动方程和转矩方程推导出控制系统q轴电流给定量,基于Lyapunov稳定性条件设计出的一种PMSM速度控制器。相比于传统的PI速度控制器,该控制器没有速度超调量、动态时间短、跟踪精度高,抗负载扰动能力和恢复能力有一定的提高。利用 MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件,搭建控制系统模型并进行仿真分析。仿真验证了提出的PMSM速度控制器的有效性,获得了很好的速度控制性能。     

冲压发动机连续可调喷管模糊控制研究

为了提高几何可调冲压发动机尾喷管控制性能,针对具有静差与动态不对称特性的连续可调喷管作动系统,采用模糊控制算法进行控制器设计,并利用自适应遗传算法进行控制器参数优化,最后将模糊控制系统与PID控制系统进行性能对比。结果表明,相较于常规模糊控制系统,优化后的模糊控制系统消除了稳态误差,减小了大小喉径在调节时间上的差异,鲁棒性较强。相较于优化后的PID控制系统,优化后的模糊控制系统在保证无稳态误差的基础上,具有更短的调节时间与更小的超调量,跟踪信号时具有更小的误差包络,优化后的模糊比PID控制系统性能提高2.6倍。总之,基于自适应遗传算法优化的连续可调喷管模糊控制系统比PID控制系统性能更高,能够满足高动态几何可调冲压发动机提出的响应快、调节精准、超调小的要求。     

Fuzzy adaptive robust control for space robot considering the effect of the gravity

Space robot is assembled and tested in gravity environment, and completes on-orbit service（OOS） in microgravity environment. The kinematic and dynamic characteristic of the robot will change with the variations of gravity in different working condition. Fully considering the change of kinematic and dynamic models caused by the change of gravity environment, a fuzzy adaptive robust control（FARC） strategy which is adaptive to these model variations is put forward for trajectory tracking control of space robot. A fuzzy algorithm is employed to approximate the nonlinear uncertainties in the model, adaptive laws of the parameters are constructed, and the approximation error is compensated by using a robust control algorithm. The stability of the control system is guaranteed based on the Lyapunov theory and the trajectory tracking control simulation is performed. The simulation results are compared with the proportional plus derivative（PD） controller, and the effectiveness to achieve better trajectory tracking performance under different gravity environment without changing the control parameters and the advantage of the proposed controller are verified.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Force Control of Hydraulic Load Simulator

This paper deals with the high performance force control of hydraulic load simulator. Many previous works for hydraulic force control are based on their linearization equations, but hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative control not yield to high-performance requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear system model is derived and linear parameterization is made for adaptive control. Then a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust force controller is developed for hydraulic load simulator. The proposed controller constructs an asymptotically stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. Meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also developed to cope with the hydraulic system uncertain nonlinearities. The controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, the scheme also achieves asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation and experiment comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.     

Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.