Future Directions in Automation and Robotics for Manufacturing

The current emphasis on designing flexible manufacturing systems, particularly in the electronics manufacturing industry, is bringing automation and robotics technologies to the factory at increasing rates. The rate of advance in these technologies raises serious concerns among engineers and managers about how to proceed in building modern manufacturing systems. A large portion of this uncertainty results from the difficulty of fitting technological advances into the existing models of manufacturing. What is needed is a new framework within which to perceive automation and robotics which will permit the adoption of more encompassing design strategies and principles to be followed in the practice of modernizing and maintaining advanced electronics manufacturing systems. This paper provides a framework that might be adopted to structure new strategies for incorporating automation and robotics in manufacturing. The approach is one that we at SRI have found useful in considering automation and robotics issues for the NASA Space Station and other complex systems which need to incorporate new technologies throughout long lifetimes. These same issues are becoming increasingly important in electronics manufacturing system design and development.     

基于制冷空调职业特色的高职教学改革

制冷与空调技术的日新月异，使自动化技术在行业及人才培养中的重要性越来越突出。拓展教学内容，改进教学方法，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力是制冷空调专业高职教学改革的重要举措。     

机加工艺是数控加工技术的基础

数控加工技术是机械加工领域中的先进技术 ,应用越来越普及 ,但企业需要的数控技术专门人才却严重缺乏。怎样才能培养出优秀的数控技术专门人才 ?通过数控技能大赛中出现的一些问题进行分析 ,提出和论述了机加工艺是数控加工技术的基础 ,指出了培养数控技术人才的方向     

In-flight entertainment-getting from wishlist to reality

Much of what we see in the consumer electronics stores will eventually find its way into airplanes in the form of In-Flight Entertainment (IFE). This consumer electronic equipment is often referred to as “the leading edge of technology”. Unfortunately, that same equipment that is the “leading edge” of consumer electronics, often stalls to feel like the “bleeding edge” when you try to integrate it into IFE systems for today's modern aircraft. Unlike Avionics Systems, the technologies behind IFE equipment are not usually mature before they are integrated into the aircraft. What may work well in a home environment, may not work well at all in the aircraft environment. Often this problem results in last minute redesign in an effort to make the equipment function as intended on the aircraft. Both the FAA and the aircraft manufacturer impose many requirements on the suppliers and products of IFE. Systems need to be designed for the aircraft environment. Many variations on IFE Systems have forced the creation of new standards for integration into commercial aircraft. Power, cooling, and EMC issues are becoming more of a concern as we move to fill aircraft implementations. Beyond the technical evaluations and lab/aircraft testing, one key component is customer satisfaction. This paper will cover some of the methods and tools we use to get IFE from wishlist to reality     

民用飞机健康管理技术研究

随着民用飞机的系统集成度和复杂性大大提高,为降低民用飞机的运营成本、提高安全性和可靠性,民用飞机健康管理系统成为航空制造行业的发展趋势。本文简要介绍了民用飞机健康管理技术在国内外的发展现状,现阶段技术条件下所面临的问题以及所涉及的关键技术。着重介绍了民用飞机健康管理技术研究的方法和研究的内容,并对民用飞机健康管理技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于代理的分布式入侵检测系统研究与设计

传统的入侵检测系统一般局限于单一的主机或网络架构,对异构系统及大规模网络的检测明显不足,同时不同的入侵检测系统之间不能协同工作.分布式入侵检测将会是未来的主流.本文提出了一种基于AGENT的检测系统作为在网络环境中的IDS,AGENT的灵活性保证它可以成为保障系统的安全提供混合模式的架构,重点讨论了自适应模型生成、系统的总体结构、关键部件设计、Agent管理及系统实现等问题.     

Team effectiveness evaluation and virtual reality scenario mapping model for helicopter emergency rescue

The application of helicopter emergency rescue is becoming increasingly widespread, but the flight crew training in this area is still difficult due to high cost and risk. Nevertheless, with the development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology, virtual simulation has become a significant role in crew training of helicopter rescue. During the implementation of VR-based training, how to transform complex real tasks into VR scenarios and how to evaluate the performance of crew are of great importance. To address these issues, a novel VR-based R-E-A-D (Report, Evaluate, Agree, Do) evaluation model for training is proposed, which is suitable for complex missions with multiple tasks, multiple scenarios, and multiple people. Then, a mapping method of VR scenarios is put forward, which can transform the real tasks into virtual scenarios to serve the virtual simulation training. Finally, an experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the evaluation method and virtual scenario mapping method.     

Psychological, psychiatric, and interpersonal aspects of long-duration space missions

America's future in space calls for manned missions that are of long duration and increasing complexity. Under these conditions, psychological and interpersonal stressors will take on added importance in affecting the safely of the crew and the outcome of the mission. Through an analysis of reports from manned American and Soviet space missions and Earth-bound simulations, several psychological, psychiatric, and interpersonal issues can be identified that could affect the success of the space station and other long-duration space ventures. Psychological issues include sleep problems, alteration in time sense, demographic effects, career motivation, transcendent experiences, homesickness, and alteration in perceptual sensitivities. Psychiatric issues include anxiety, depression, and psychosis, psychosomatic symptoms, emotional problems related to the stage of the mission, and postflight personality changes. Interpersonal issues include interpersonal tension, decreased cohesiveness over time, need for privacy, and task vs emotional leadership. Steps can be taken to minimize the impact of these issues, both before and during the mission.     

基本公共服务均等化研究现状与展望

基本公共服务均等化概念一经提出,迅速成为学术界研究的热点之一。学者主要从宏观社会政策、社会公正、公共财政等视角对基本公共服务均等化的内涵、供给问题、供给内容与途径等方面进行了研究。完善社会政策、注重社会公正、合理重构公共财政体制是公共服务均等化的必要途径。目前基本公共服务供给协调机制尤其是激励机制的研究亟待加强,基本公共服务均等化与大部制改革研究有待推进和深化。     

Performance evaluation of digital beamforming strategies for satellite communications

Smart antennas are becoming one of the promising technologies to meet the rapidly increasing demands for more capacity of satellite communication systems. A main component in a smart antenna system is beamforming. Because of the limitations of analog beamforming, digital beamforming will be employed in future satellite communication systems. We evaluate the performance of various digital beamforming strategies proposed in the literature for satellite communications: 1) single fixed beam/single user, 2) single fixed beam/multiple users, 3) single adaptive beam/single user, and 4) single Chebyshev dynamic beam/multiple users. Multiple criteria including coverage, system capacity, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and computation complexity are used to evaluate these satellite communication beamforming strategies. In particular, a Ka-band satellite communication system is used to address the various issues of these beamforming strategies. For the adaptive beamforming approach, subarray structure is used to obtain the weights of a large 2D antenna array, and a globally convergent recurrent neural network (RNN) is proposed to realize the adaptive beamforming algorithm in parallel. The new subarray-based neural beamforming algorithm can reduce the computation complexity greatly, and is more effective than the conventional least mean square (LMS) beamforming approach. It is shown that the single adaptive beam/single user approach has the highest system capacity.     

The Need for a Wholistic Design Approach when using Gallium Arsenide Technology

The emerging Gallium Arsenide digital integrated circuit technology is rapidly becoming well enough established that designers of signal and data processors are planning its incorporation into advanced computational engines of all types. An examination of the characteristics of present and future generation GaAs integrated circuits indicates that they will emphasize moderate on-chip gate counts and high gate speeds. Complete advantage can be taken of GaAs digital technology only if traditional signal processor architectures are completely recast at the memory layout, logic design, arithmetic implementation, and system architecture levels, and if these issues are considered in combination with system, logic board, and chip layout and packaging constraints in a single integrated approach.     

Algorithmic, architectural, and beam pattern issues of sidelobecancellation

Various important issues concerning the sidelobe cancellation (SLC) approach for suppressing sidelobe interference signals in radar are investigated. The concepts are presented in a tutorial manner and include: formulating the calculation of the complex weights for the auxiliary channels as an exact least-squares (LS) problem; computing the LS weights using orthogonal transformation for improved numerical accuracy; and mapping orthogonalization-based algorithms onto systolic arrays. The problem of excessive degrees of freedom (EDOF) associated with utilizing too many auxiliary elements when a relatively small number of jammers are present, is also considered. A divisionless orthogonalization-based algorithm is presented for the computation of the auxiliary weights. Many of these issues have previously been either implicitly stated or only individually addressed in various sources by a number of researchers. Besides showing simulation results and the divisionless procedure for obtaining the final auxiliary weights, a major consideration was to present all of the aforementioned concepts in a coherent and unified framework     

光纤通道节点端口状态机的分析、建模与仿真

随着航电系统的发展,传统的通信网络已经不能满足发展需要,光纤通道(FC)技术已成为航电系统新一代高性能网络的研究方向.研制机载FC网络,其中一个重要环节是FC协议分析,FC节点端口状态机作为FC-2层中最为基础但最为复杂的功能块需要重点突破.分析了FC节点端口状态机的状态组成,基于0PNET Modeler仿真软件,说明了FC端口状态机的建模和仿真结果,通过仿真分析为下一步深入研究FC协议积累了一些理论基础.     

CIM标准化方法和特点

ＣＩＭＳ标准化具有高新技术标准化的特点,技术的发展与标准化的发展互相平行且互为补充,贯穿于ＣＩＭＳ产品的整个生命周期。本领域的标准化涉及信息技术和制造业技术标准化,且交织在一起形成了新的标准化领域。建立参考模型是当前ＣＩＭＳ标准化工作的新方法。本文试图抽象出一种理论上的建模框架以描述这种新的概念和方法。     

对华人家族企业现代化管理的思索

华人企业以其独特的家族管理模式而闻名世界。但是，随着科学的进步和世界经济的发展，面对经济全球化和管理信息化、知识化的挑战，它也逐渐表现出其局限性。华人企业如何对这种传统的管理模式进行改造，家族企业又该如何走上现代化管理之路，作者对此进行了探讨。     

零不合格品质量控制图研究

目前,接近零不合格过程的质量控制已成为质量控制理论中的一个新的发展方向.本文建立了基于正态分布的零不合格品质量控制图,弥补了传统休哈特质量控制图的不足.     

直升机型号研制中FMEA工作几个问题的考虑与建议

本文根据型号研制中FMEA(故障模式及影响分析)工作所遇到的问题,首次提出了型号生产制造中开展FMEA工作的见解;并就系统与成附件二次配套协调中FMEA工作提出了建议;文中对FMEA工作的实施所要注意的问题进行了讨论。     

可靠性设计咨询专家系统

提出了重要度、适应度和损失度的概念,并将他们用于该专家系统的推理机中,介绍了该专家系统的特点,主要功能和以飞机起落架收放系统为对象的可靠性设计咨询专家系统原型的研究成果。实例的运行结果表明,该专家系统的开发是成功的,所采用的思路、概念、方法是正确的,得到有关设计集团的好评。     

Identification of key factors affecting the failure of aviation piston engine turbochargers based on an improved correspondence analysis-polar angle-based classification

Turbocharging is an efficient approach for addressing power reduction and oil consumption increase in aviation piston engines during high-altitude flights. However, a turbocharger significantly increases the complexity of a power system, and its considerably complex matching relation with the engine results in a coupling of failure modes. Conventional analytical methods are hard to identify failure-inducing factors. Consequently, safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. This study focuses on methods for identifying failure-inducing factors. A whole-machine system model is established and validated through experimentation. The response surface method is employed to further abstract the system simulation model to a surrogate model (average error: ~ 3%) in order to reduce the computational cost while ensuring accuracy. On this basis, an improved Correspondence Analysis (CA)-Polar Angle (PA)-based Classification (PAC) is proposed to identify the key factors affecting the failure mode of turbochargers. This identification method is based on the row profile coordinates G varying with the numerical deviations of the key factors, and is capable of effectively identifying the key factors affecting the failure. In a validation example, this method identifies the diameter of the exhaust valve (e₂) as the primary factor affecting the safety margin for each work boundary.     

Decisions, endings, and new beginnings

The Washington Watch column examines NASA shuttle developments, airline pilot age issues, development of a personnel recovery vehicle, and includes an obituary for retired Air Force General Bernard Schriever, remembered as an air and space pioneer. The discussion of NASA shuttle developments reports on the space shuttle flight schedule and NASA's ability to deliver hardware to the International Space Station, funding levels and equipment development schedules related to President Bush's mandate to visit Mars, a report on the space program by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and top-level management changes at NASA. The discussion of airline pilot age issues examines efforts to change mandatory retirement requirements. The discussion of personnel recovery vehicles reports on development of an aircraft designed to rescue survivors during combat search and rescue missions.