Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

压燃式航空活塞发动机转矩与空燃比的控制

通过对压燃式航空活塞发动机的空燃比进行需求分析,采用发动机转矩需求的逆向倒推法,从螺旋桨的转矩需求倒推至发动机总转矩需求,建立转矩需求的主控通道和前导通道的控制模式,前导通道是利用微分控制的超前特性,加快转矩控制的动态响应能力。由相关转矩需求和进气量估算模块计算后,建立了最优空燃比控制的计算方程,实时计算得到对应的每循环总喷油量。在模拟保持飞机从零海拔起飞至1 890 m的发动机最大转矩输出条件下,列举了定海拔恒转速变转矩工况和定海拔发动机外特性工况的实验分析。实验结果表明：采用最优控制理论建立的空燃比控制,既保障了过量空气系数处于合理范围1.3～3.5之内,发动机的工作效果又能达到预期目标。     

永磁辅助式同步磁阻电机转矩预测控制方法

为了验证永磁磁阻电机具备宽调速域的优势,同时充分发挥永磁磁阻电机在弱磁运行时的输出转矩,提出了一种基于转矩预测控制的全速域控制方法。采用Ansys设计了一台永磁磁阻电机,并与Simulink联合仿真验证了方法的可行性。验证结果表明:转矩预测控制方法可以使电机在全速域获得良好的动态性能,同时永磁磁阻电机弱磁运行时依然具有优秀的转矩输出能力。     

基于二次调节原理的力矩负载模拟器中压力波动的补偿

 基于静液二次调节原理的力矩负载模拟器具有能够连续高速旋转和无多余力矩的特点。在恒压网络中,二次元件的力矩输出与其斜盘倾角成正比,即：如果系统压力出现波动,也将导致输出力矩的波动。导致系统压力变化的原因可能是油源压力脉动,但更主要是负载的变化。为了研究压力波动的影响及补偿,建立了基于静液二次调节原理的力矩负载模拟器,给出了仿真参数,并在此基础之上进行了仿真研究。为了提高力矩跟踪精度,提出利用斜盘倾角传感器和系统压力传感器来进行压力补偿,可有效地将系统压力波动对于力矩输出的影响抑制到20%左右。仿真和试验验证了此补偿方法的有效性。     

滚珠旋摆作动器的优化设计

提出了一种新型液压执行机构--滚珠螺旋液压旋摆作动器,建立了一套伺服动态优化设计理论及分析方法。在结构上,采用了多头大升角的滚珠螺旋副、滚珠花键副、滚珠卸荷副、活塞式液压缸等结构,以保证作动器受力特性好、传动平稳、效率高、且输出扭矩大,适应于低、中、高压任何压力的液压系统;在理论上,导出了滚珠螺旋液压旋摆作动器优化参数的设计计算公式,分析了优化参数与系统效率、频宽之间的关系。按照该理论设计的滚珠螺旋液压旋摆作动器,系统耗能最小、效率最高、频带最宽。     

冗余飞轮构型下力矩分配策略设计与分析

 主要研究了航天器姿控系统中冗余飞轮构型的力矩分配问题。在阐明该问题的基础上,首先给出了能量最优的力矩分配策略,并考虑飞轮力矩约束对其进行了限幅处理;接着基于静态最优化理论和飞轮系统性质,对四飞轮和多飞轮情况分别设计了相应的力矩最优分配策略,由于可有效地输出飞轮系的最大力矩,其有重要的工程应用价值;最后研究并对比了几种典型构型下两种分配策略所能输出的力矩包络,表明了所设计方法的有效性。     

Fault tolerant control with torque limitation based on fault mode for ten-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

This paper proposes a novel fault tolerant control with torque limitation based on the fault mode for the ten-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under various open-circuit and short-circuit fault conditions, which includes the optimal torque control and the torque limitation control based on the fault mode. The optimal torque control is adopted to guarantee the ripple-free electromagnetic torque operation for the ten-phase motor system under the post-fault condition. Furthermore, we systematically analyze the load capacity of the ten-phase motor system under different fault modes. And a torque limitation control approach based on the fault mode is proposed, which was not available earlier. This approach is able to ensure the safety operation of the faulted motor system in long operating time without causing the overheat fault. The simulation result confirms that the proposed fault tolerant control for the ten-phase motor system is able to guarantee the ripple-free electromagnetic torque and the safety operation in long operating time under the normal and fault conditions.     

三相永磁容错电机单相故障的容错控制

为了使三相永磁容错电机在单相故障后仍能输出满足要求的转矩,提出了容错电流优化控制方法。针对开路故障,利用故障前后磁动势不变的原则,得到了故障时的容错补偿电流,实现对转矩脉动的补偿。针对短路故障,利用分开补偿的策略,对由短路电流引起的转矩脉动和缺相不对称转矩脉动进行分开补偿,进行了电流矢量合成,实现了电机在短路时输出转矩脉动的最小化。通过MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,验证了所提出容错控制方法的有效性。     

球柱联合转台轴承摩擦力矩特性

为研究球柱联合转台轴承摩擦力矩特性,建立了轴承的力学模型,采用Newton-Raphson法对模型进行求解。分析了轴承摩擦力矩产生机理,建立了摩擦力矩计算模型,利用试验机对模型进行了试验验证,研究了不同结构参数对轴承摩擦力矩的影响。结果表明:所建立的模型可较好的实现轴承摩擦力矩预测,轴承摩擦力矩与轴向载荷、倾覆力矩和轴承转速呈正相关;减小初始轴向游隙可显著降低轴承摩擦力矩;钢球数量存在一个最优值使轴承摩擦力矩最小;沟曲率半径存在合理区间使轴承综合性能最优;适当减小保持架质量可有效降低轴承摩擦力矩。研究结果为球柱联合转台轴承的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Output Power Controller for a Wind-Driven Induction Generator

A constant stator power output controller for a wind-driven grid-connected induction generator is described. The load torque of the generator is controlled by varying the rotor resistance electronically. A dynamic model for the wind energy conversion system is proposed for both controlled and uncontrolled operation.The model is then used to predict the changes in shaft speed,turbine torque, and stator power output in response to change in wind speed. Data pertaining to a 60 kW commercial wind turbine generator is used in this investigation. Results based on analog computer simulation demonstrate the feasibility of the controller for scheduling a desired power output from the induction generator.Results of the tests on a laboratory induction generator driven by amicrocomputer-controlled dc motor drive simulating the characteristics of the wind turbine are included.     

基于模糊自适应PID的开关磁阻电机滞环脉宽调制直接瞬时转矩控制

开关磁阻电机(SRM)具有转矩脉动较大的特点。提出一种结合滞环控制和脉宽调制(PWM)的直接瞬时转矩控制策略解决此类问题。分析了转矩在控制过程中出现大波动的机理,制订了单相区和换相区不同控制方法。考虑到转矩在不同条件下输出特性,将PWM等效策略引入滞环限间,优化了转矩控制效果。加入了模糊自适应PID控制器,提高系统响应性能。仿真结果表明该控制策略响应速度快,能有效地抑制SRM的转矩脉动。     

Study on the Behavior of Solar Array Deployment with Root Hinge Drive Assembly

In this paper, a method of using a root hinge drive assembly (RHDA) to control the solar array deployment is provided and a multi-DOF mechanism dynamic model of the system is established. In this way, the root hinge torque can be calculated iteratively. Then taking the predicted torque as a reference, a RHDA is designed for a large multiple-stage packaging and deployable solar array system. The control effect of the drive assembly is validated by ground tests. The test results indicate that the solar arrays can be deployed smoothly, and the deployment velocities are restricted by the drive assembly as expected. During the tests, the RHDA output speed and output torque are obtained. In order to examine the impact force when the yoke is lock-up with a hard stop, dynamics simulations are performed according to the actual behavior. The simulation result indicates that the designed RHDA reduces the impact force significantly and improves the lock-up reliability effectively.     

基于转子再设计的电动汽车永磁同步电机再制造研究

随着电动汽车的发展,淘汰替换的旧电机越来越多,对旧电机的再制造研究也越发必要。通过对转子外圆优化以减小饱和磁密面积和优化气隙结构来提升电机性能,分析了不同偏心圆对电机齿槽转矩的影响规律,对比了旧电机和再制造电机的性能变化,研究了不同倒角圆对电机磁密谐波和齿槽转矩的影响趋势。结果表明电机齿槽转矩随着偏心圆的增大先增大后减小,不同倒角圆对再制造电机谐波影响较小;在额定情况下,再制造电机偏心圆为36 mm、倒角圆为4 mm时,再制造电机铁心损耗下降6.55 W/kg,再制造电机效率提高0.05%,输出转矩收缩4%,再制造电机在减小损耗提高效率的同时减小了输出转矩。     

一种大转矩外转子永磁轮毂电机驱动特性分析

提出一种大转矩外转子永磁轮毂电机,可用于纯电动机场摆渡车、机场大巴车、公交大巴车等。合理设计电机外转子的永磁磁极倾斜角,使电机相反电动势为只含有3次谐波的梯形波,线反电动势为正弦波,同时不降低电机的输出转矩。分析比较了采用不同矫顽力的磁钢对相反电动势的影响,兼顾转矩输出能力和电机调速范围后,选择了拥有合理矫顽力的永久磁钢。同时,搭建了基于SimplorerMaxwell软件的场路联合仿真平台,比较、分析了基于正弦波磁场定向控制策略和基于方波控制策略的电机驱动特性。虽然两种方法都能实现转矩控制,但磁场定向控制策略的转矩波动更小。     

基于四开关三相变频器的永磁同步电机驱动系统转矩脉动优化控制

针对低成本三相四开关变频器构成的永磁同步电机驱动系统存在转矩脉动较大的问题,提出了一种系统转矩脉动优化控制策略。系统中存在的转矩脉动分为低频和高频转矩脉动,对于由直流电容电压波动产生的低频脉动,采用了引入一种基于非正交坐标变换的补偿方案,而对于高频脉动,分析评估了不同调制策略的影响,选择了最优调制策略。此外,线性调制范围设置考虑了系统直流电容电压波动,避免了低频脉动造成的过调制。同时,还设计了电容电压偏移抑制控制以扩大线性调制区范围。试验结果验证了新型控制策略抑制系统转矩脉动的效果明显。     

Adaptive Fuzzy Torque Control of Passive Torque Servo Systems Based on Small Gain Theorem and Input-to-state Stability

Passive torque servo system (PTSS) simulates aerodynamic load and exerts the load on actuation system, but PTSS endures position coupling disturbance from active motion of actuation system, and this inherent disturbance is called extra torque. The most important issue for PTSS controller design is how to eliminate the influence of extra torque. Using backstepping technique, adaptive fuzzy torque control (AFTC) algorithm is proposed for PTSS in this paper, which reflects the essential characteristics of PTSS and guarantees transient tracking performance as well as final tracking accuracy. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic system is utilized to compensate parametric uncertainties and unstructured uncertainties. The output velocity of actuator identified model is introduced into AFTC aiming to eliminate extra torque. The closed-loop stability is studied using small gain theorem and the control system is proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. The proposed AFTC algorithm is applied to an electric load simulator (ELS), and the comparative experimental results indicate that AFTC controller is effective for PTSS.     

控制力矩陀螺磁轴承-框架动力学耦合特性仿真研究简

框架角速率精度决定着控制力矩陀螺输出的姿态控制力矩精度,前者的精度由框架伺服电机力矩精度和框架转动惯量决定.磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺框架转动和陀螺转子的微小扭摆运动间存在动力学耦合,其框架表现出比标称值大的等效转动惯量.在柔性结构框架动力学模型和磁轴承刚度-阻尼模型基础上,研究磁轴承-框架动力学特性,推导出框架等效转动惯量和磁轴承控制参数之间的关系式,表明调整磁轴承控制参数能增大框架等效转动惯量,提高框架角速率精度.根据闭环系统稳定性和轴承承载力,确定了磁轴承控制参数取值范围,并给出了框架等效转动惯量的调节范围.通过对某小型磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺框架角速率控制系统的Simulink仿真,证明了控制力矩精度可以提高5倍,验证了模型的准确性.     

航空变频电源下笼型感应电机矩形转子槽结构优化分析

当前大功率的航空发电机开始采用360~800Hz的变频输出方式,在航空变频电源的直接供电下,感应电机的性能受到频率变化最大的影响是在高频时起动转矩太低。针对笼型感应电机,采用解析计算的方法对矩形转子槽尺寸进行优化,在不改变稳态性能的条件下获得最大起动转矩。深槽尺寸的变化将影响集肤效应系数和槽漏感2个方面,二者对起动转矩的作用相反。通过综合2个方面的因素,建立起包含槽型尺寸和频率的动态转子参数模型,并采用该动态转子参数对传统的转矩公式进行调整,进而获得关于转子槽尺寸的起动力矩解析式,同时基于该解析式实现对起动力矩的优化。采用该解析方法对7.5kW感应电机进行深槽转子优化,并对航空变频电源驱动时的起动特性进行了仿真和样机实验,验证了该方法在矩形转子槽优化设计中的有效性。     

磁悬浮反作用飞轮速率模式控制系统设计

针对磁悬浮反作用飞轮干扰力矩对输出力矩精度的影响,提出了一种速率模式数字控制方法,实现了正向加速、正向减速、反向加速、反向减速的四象限高精度稳定的转速跟踪控制,减速时,高速段利用飞轮储存的动能进行能耗制动,低速时进行反接制动,从而实现磁悬浮反作用飞轮速率模式控制.     

陀螺角接触球轴承摩擦力矩波动性分析

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了陀螺角接触球轴承的动力学微分方程组与摩擦力矩数学模型,采用预估-校正的GSTIFF(gear stiff)变步长积分算法求解其动力学微分方程组,研究了轴承轴向预紧力以及保持架结构参数对轴承摩擦力矩幅值及波动性的影响,并进行了相关试验验证。结果表明:过大和过小的轴向预紧力均会增加轴承摩擦力矩的幅值与波动性;过大的保持架兜孔间隙和过小的保持架引导间隙都将引起轴承总摩擦力矩的幅值及波动性的增加,进而影响陀螺电动机输出功率的稳定性;保持架运行越稳定,轴承总摩擦力矩的幅值和波动性越小。