Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical behavior of plain woven CFRP composites subjected to three-point bending

The mechanical behavior of plain woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites under Three-Point Bending (TPB) is investigated via experimental and numerical approaches. Multiscale models, including microscale, mesoscale and macroscale models, have been developed to characterize the TPB strength and damages. Thereinto, Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) of the microscale and mesoscale structures are established to determine the effective properties of carbon-fiber yarn and CFRP composites, respectively. Aimed at accurately and efficiently predicting the TPB behavior, an Equivalent Cross-Ply Laminate (ECPL) cell is proposed to simplify the inherent woven architecture, and the effective properties of the subcell are computed using a local homogenization approach. The macroscale model of the TPB specimen is constructed by a topology structure of ECPL cells to predict the mechanical behavior. The TPB experiments have been performed to validate the multiscale models. Both the experimental and numerical results reveal that delamination mainly appears in the top and bottom interfaces of the CFRP laminates. And matrix cracking and delamination are identified as the significant damage modes during the TPB process. Finally, the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of plain woven composites are discussed by comparing the results of Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) and TPB simulations.     

小波变换数值均匀化方法求解振荡系数的方程

将小波数值均匀化方法用于求解二维快速振荡系数的抛物型方程.小波数值均匀化方法基于小波的多分辨分析,在细尺度空间上得到原方程的半离散方程,然后利用小波映射得到粗尺度空间的数值均匀化方程,即可在粗尺度上求解原方程,有效地减小了计算量.计算结果表明:小波数值均匀化方法与精细剖分的有限差分法相比较,既大大地节省了计算时间又获得了较好的精度.     

A novel surrogate modeling strategy of the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites

In this paper, a surrogate-based modeling methodology is developed and presented to predict the elastic properties of three dimensional (3D) four-directional braided composites. Using this approach, the prediction process becomes feasible with only a limited number of training points. The surrogate models constructed using Finite Element (FE) method and Diffuse Approximation, reduce the computational time and cost for preparing experimental samples. In the FE model, multiscale method is applied to couple the computations of elastic properties at microscale and mesoscale. Subsequently, a parametric study is performed to analyze the effects of the three design parameters on the elastic properties. Satisfactory results are obtained via the surrogate-based modeling predictions, which are compared with the experimental measurements. Moreover, the predictions obtained from surrogate models concur well with the FE predictions. This study orients a new direction for predicting the mechanical properties based on surrogate models which can effectively reduce the sample preparation cost and computational efforts.     

基于细观结构的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析

三维机织复合材料具有复杂的细观结构,通过采用双凸透镜的几何形状来描述被压扁的纤维束横截面,引入细观结构和几何参数,建立了基于织物细观结构预测三维机织复合材料的纤维体积分数和弹性常数的方法。通过参数分析预测了结构和几何参数对三维复合材料弹性性能的影响。开发了一个具有友好界面的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析软件,为复合材料结构设计者选定适合的织物增强结构提供了有效的计算工具。理论计算结果与实验值的比较,表明了分析方法的正确性。     

基于导热性能的复合材料微结构拓扑优化设计

基于均匀化理论和拓扑优化技术,提出了复合材料稳态导热性微结构构型的设计方法。根据均匀化理论给出的周期性材料微结构(单胞)等效导热系数的计算公式,结合有限元分析手段对单胞的等效导热系数求解;定义设计区域内微结构每个单元的导热系数为伪密度设计变量,约束材料用量,分别以材料微结构某个方向导热性能最好为目标和宏观结构的散热性能最佳为目标;采用实体各向同性惩罚函数法(SIMP)构造单胞拓扑结构优化数学模型,导出材料等效导热系数的灵敏度计算公式;采用凸规划对偶求解与周长控制约束相结合进行拓扑优化并获得了优化的微结构构型,数值算例结果验证了所提出的拓扑优化方法可以有效地进行复合材料微结构的导热性能设计。     

黏弹性树脂基三维编织复合材料的变温松弛模量

 利用均匀化方法,计算了树脂基三维编织复合材料在不同温度下的恒温松弛模量,通过对计算结果的分析,提出了树脂基三维编织复合材料松弛模量具有时温等效性的假设,并用数值方法验证了此假设的合理性。以该假设为基础,建立了由树脂基三维编织复合材料恒温松弛模量确定其变温松弛模量的一般方法。对模型施加合理的周期性边界条件后计算了材料编织方向的变温松弛模量,并对比了不同温度变化速率对变温松弛模量的影响。结果表明,对应于不同的温度变化历史,树脂基三维编织复合材料有不同的变温松弛模量,但稳态值相同,且快速升温可明显缩短变温松弛模量到达稳态的时间。     

基于一种新的均匀化实施方法的FRP刚度预测

基于一种新的渐近均匀化(AH)实施方法,预测并讨论了单向纤维增强复合材料(FRP)的宏观等效弹性性能及纤维排列方式对等效力学性能的影响。该方法方便地将有限元分析(FEA)软件作为一个工具箱使用,只需在单胞上施加简单位移周期边界条件开展静力学分析,即可经过简单计算得到等效弹性常数,相比传统均匀化实施方法显著降低了实施难度并简化了计算过程。通过对比不同数值方法的结果验证了该方法的有效性和精确性。数值结果表明:六边形排列下单向纤维增强复合材料呈现横观各向同性,而正方形排列下则呈现宏观正交各向异性,经过刚度平均化过程可得到横观各向异性材料性质,纤维体积含量对两种排列方式下材料等效弹性模量影响显著但有所差别。     

基于临界面-损伤参量法的高压涡轮盘多轴疲劳寿命预测

基于临界面法对某高压涡轮（HPT）盘及GH4169合金试样进行多轴疲劳寿命预测,得出SWT（Smith-Watson-Topper）模型对单轴疲劳具有较好的预测效果而对多轴疲劳的预测效果较差,Fatemi-Socie （FS）模型也能较好地预测单轴加载下的疲劳寿命,但FS模型仅考虑最大剪应变幅平面上的正应力对疲劳损伤的影响,导致其多轴疲劳寿命预测偏保守。基于此,本文以最大剪应变幅为主要损伤控制参数,同时以最大剪应变幅平面上的正应力和正应变组成的修正参数作为多轴疲劳损伤的第二控制参数,提出了一个新的多轴疲劳临界面-损伤参量模型。结合GH4169合金及某高压涡轮盘试验验证。结果表明,对比SWT、FS和Wang-Brown （WB）模型,新模型的多轴疲劳寿命预测精度更高。     

疲劳载荷下单向陶瓷基复合材料界面摩擦力识别

为了确定疲劳加载过程中不同循环数下界面摩擦力的大小,对单向陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)的疲劳迟滞行为进行了研究,提出了单向CMCs疲劳载荷下界面摩擦力识别方法。基于剪滞模型,确定了疲劳峰值和谷值应力下纤维应力分布。并基于数形结合的方法推导了迟滞环割线模量的理论值与界面摩擦力之间的函数关系。将迟滞环割线模量的实验值与理论值进行比较,识别了不同循环数下界面摩擦力的大小。结果表明,在前1000个循环内,界面摩擦力从9.89MPa 减小为5.28MPa,并在随后的循环内保持近似不变,说明疲劳过程中界面磨损主要发生前1000个循环内。     

电场均匀化对 2091Al-Li 合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响

 应用扫描电镜（SEM）及电子探针（EPMA）研究了强电场作用下Al-Li合金的均匀化过程。实验结果表明，强电场加速了2091Al-Li合金的均匀化过程，但是随着电场作用时间的增加，发生了镁、铜原子的上坡扩散，导致镁、铜原子的非平衡偏聚。因此，电场及非电场的联合处理方法是一个有效的均匀化处理制度。同时，还研究了强电场均匀化对显微组织及力学性能的影响，发现强电场均匀化促进T1相的形核，抑制δ‘和S’相析出，提高了Al-Li合金的屈强比。     

PREDICTION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF WHISKER REINFORCED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE:PART-Ⅱ. VERIFICATION & APPLICATION

The present paper continues the discussion in Part-I. Model and Formulation. Based on the theory proposed in Part-I, the formulae predicting stiffness moduli of the composites in some typical cases of whisker orientations and loading conditions are derived and compared with theoretical representatives in literatures, experimental measurement and commonly-used empirical formulae. It seems that (1) with whisker reinforcing and matrix-hardening considered, the present prediction is in well agreement with the experimental measurement; (2) the present theory can predict accurate moduli with the proper pre-calculated parameters; (3) the upper-bound and lower-bound of the present theory are just the predictions of equal strain theory and equal stress theory; (4) the present theory provides a physical explanation and theoretical base for the present commonly-used empirical formulae. Compared with the microscopic mechanical theories, the present theory is competent for modulus prediction of practical engineering composite in accuracy and simplicity.     

一种新型耐腐蚀铝合金均匀化工艺研究

介绍了一种新型耐腐蚀铝合金的均匀化工艺研究,针对合金的特点,从改善合金性能的角度出发,研究了该合金的均匀化制度,通过试验确定了适合该材料铸锭的均匀化工艺,为新型耐腐蚀铝合金通过大变形获得较好的综合性能研究奠定了基础。     

Analytical Solution for Predicting In-plane Elastic Shear Properties of 2D Orthogonal PWF Composites

This paper proposes a new analytical solution to predict the shear modulus of a two-dimensional(2D) plain weave fabric(PWF) composite accounting for the interaction of orthogonal interlacing strands with coupled shear deformation modes including not only relative bending but also torsion,etc.The two orthogonal yarns in a micromechanical unit cell are idealized as curved beams with a path depicted by using sinusoidal shape functions.The internal forces and macroscopic deformations carried by the yarn families,together with macroscopic shear modulus of PWFs are derived by means of a strain energy approach founded on micromechanics.Three sets of experimental data pertinent to three kinds of 2D orthogonal PWF composites have been implemented to validate the new model.The calculations from the new model are also compared with those by using two models in the earlier literature.It is shown that the experimental results correlate well with predictions from the new model.     

轴流压气机中喘振和旋转失速的数值模拟

基于轴流压气机逐级过失速特性，建立了多级轴流压气机过失速瞬态，包括喘振或旋转失速的分析模型。发展了分析轴流压气机过失速响应的动态滞后方法，并确定了压气机过失速响应的统一时间滞后常数。对一实验轴流压气机的过失速瞬态进行了数值模拟，与实验结果的一致性较好。     

改进的小波均匀化方法求解小周期系数抛物型方程

对传统的小波数值均匀化方法通过加入逐层修正的步骤进行了改进,并将改进后的方法用于求解具有小周期系数的抛物型方程。数值算例结果表明：在保持较高计算效率的同时,改进后的方法比改进前方法在精度方面有明显的提高。因此,改进后方法是小周期系数抛物型方程的一种高效率、高精度的数值求解方法。     

单向纤维增强复合材料的压缩弹塑性微屈曲

本文讨论单向纤维增强复合材料在沿纤维纵向承压时的贯穿型细观失稳。文中提出纤维弹塑性微屈曲的观点,并由弹塑性稳定理论导出层状周期排列的纤维复合材料的临界失稳载荷参数式。结合压缩应力应变关系可进一步确定弹塑性失稳点的位置,从而导出压缩强度的理论公式。所得理论预测值与4种主要纤维增强复合材料的实验结果均能定量符合。借助该理论公式,可分别对由脆性和由韧性纤维增强的压缩折带破坏模式作出定性解释。     

中国民航旅客吞吐量的灰色马尔可夫模型预测

民航旅客吞吐量的规模和增长速度是民航基础数据,是衡量民航发展的重要指标,旨在通过统计学的一般方法揭示民航旅客吞吐量的变化规律、做出准确的预测。民航旅客吞吐量的规模和增长可以使用灰色预测模型进行预测．并且结果比较准确。在此基础上,提出了引入马尔可夫链预测理论,建立民航旅客吞吐量灰色马尔可夫预测模型的设想。以期使预测结果更加准确可靠。在实例中,对比了灰色预测模型和灰色马尔可夫预测模型的预测结果．验证了民航旅客吞吐量的灰色马尔可夫预测模型预测精度高于灰色预测模型预测精度。可见。灰色马尔可夫预测模型可用于民航旅客吞吐量预测,并可以提供比灰色预测模型更为准确可靠的预测结果。最后．依据灰色马尔可夫预测模型计算得出了2007年和2008年的民航旅客吞吐量预测值．     

三维编织复合材料宏细观多尺度传热分析

近年来三维编织复合材料在航空、航天等领域得到了广泛应用,而热传导性能是其重要的物理性能之一。根据三维四向编织复合材料细观单胞模型,建立其热传导性能的宏细观多尺度模型,包括等效热传导系数的均匀化模型和温度场分布的多尺度模型;基于宏细观多尺度有限元算法,计算三维四向编织复合材料的等效热传导系数,并与实验结果进行对比;在此基础上,研究编织角和纤维体积含量对热传导系数的影响规律,并确定材料内部的温度场分布。结果表明:等效热传导系数与实验值吻合较好,细观单胞模型能较为真实地反映三维四向编织复合材料的结构构形,宏细观多尺度方法能有效预测三维编织复合材料的热传导性能,并且能有效捕捉材料内部的局部振荡效应。     

Topology Optimal Design of Material Microstructures Using Strain Energy-based Method

提出了基于能量法的微结构灵敏度计算和构型优化新方法,与均匀化方法相比,虽然本质相同,但计算效率高、且软件实现更加简便。本文以微结构等效弹性矩阵各分量的不同组合为设计目标,采用对偶凸规划方法结合周长约束策略进行二维、三维微结构构型优化设计。算例结果表明,采用能量法的微结构优化方法与均匀化方法具有相同的效果,不仅能获得具有极端特性构型的材料微结构,而且具有推导简洁、编程简单的优点。     

Modeling of Heat Conduction in Thermoplastic Honeycomb Core/Face Sheet Fusion Bonding

Honeycomb sandwich materials have been widely used in aerospace industry as secondary structural materials or interior panels. Recently the research of full thermoplastic honeycomb sandwich materials has been of interest due to their recyclability. In their production, they usually demand an adhesive-free process, namely fusion bonding, to connect thermoplastic honeycomb core and face sheets. It is a heat induced process where a parameter of temperature should be well controlled to guarantee the product quality. This article presents a mathematical model of heat conduction to analyze the transient temperature distribution from heating tools towards inner part of the core under fusion bonding conditions. In order to simplify the complexity of 3D honeycomb geometry, a homogenization method is used to obtain average thermal properties of the honeycomb along the major heat flux direction. The model is validated by comparing with the results of in-situ temperature measurement during fusion bonding. The presented model can also be applied to analyzing general out-of-plane heat conduction through honeycomb sandwich structures made from other materials.