平面三连杆欠驱动机械臂谐波函数控制方法

对一种平面三连杆欠驱动机械臂的稳态周期运动进行了理论分析和计算仿真,发现对于确定的欠驱动机器人系统,给系统中的主动关节施加合适的控制,被动关节出现一种"螺旋运动",而且螺旋运动速度与输入振幅和频率有关。在此基础上提出两种欠驱动机械臂位置控制的谐波函数控制方法,通过仿真验证了这种控制方法的有效性。     

平面柔性欠驱动机械臂的非线性动力学分析

研究了平面柔性欠驱动机械臂中被动关节对系统动态特性的影响 ,在动力学分析的基础上 ,提出了一种基于内共振原理的柔性欠驱动机械臂振动控制方法。在对系统的稳态周期运动进行分析研究的基础上 ,发现处于自由摆动状态的被动关节的平衡位置随系统结构的振动而发生漂移 ,并且被动关节平衡位置的漂移速度和方向与周期输入的振幅有关。提出利用结构柔性产生的振动实现被动关节位置控制的方法 ,通过平面二连杆柔性欠驱动机械臂进行了仿真计算     

欠驱动机械臂的光滑时变指数稳定

 针对一般欠驱动机械臂的运动规划和控制问题进行研究。从二阶漂移非完整约束系统的一般控制模型出发，基于李代数扩展理论，提出了二阶非完整约束系统的光滑多项式扩展概念，并进一步提出了一种二阶漂移非完整约束系统控制的指数稳定控制方法。针对欠驱动机械臂中从动关节不多于主动关节的情况，给出了一个指数稳定控制定理，并以平面2R和3R欠驱动机械臂进行了仿真。仿真结果证明了提出的指数稳定控制方法的有效性。     

基于Kinect的七自由度空间机械臂体感控制方法

针对七自由度空间机械臂的体感控制问题,提出了一种基于操作周期和运动周期的增量式关节角人机运动映射方法。使用Kinect传感器采集人体关节点坐标数据并使用空间向量法计算关节角,根据关节角增量及手势命令计算得到机械臂关节角。为解决关节坐标数据的抖动与失真问题,分析了Kinect对不同关节点采集的数据精度的关系,并给出一种限幅平滑滤波算法。结合上述结果,提出对操作周期进行分段的方法,并给出了优化后的体感控制算法。最后,搭建了空间机械臂体感控制的仿真试验平台,在Unity中搭建仿真试验场景,经体感控制下的空间机械臂运动试验验证了所提出方法的可行性。     

3R欠驱动机械臂轨迹跟踪实验研究

以含有一个自由关节的3R欠驱动机械臂为研究对象,对其轨迹跟踪进行了实验研究.搭建了3R欠驱动机械臂实验装置及其控制系统,利用主、被动关节间的动力学耦合作用,针对圆弧轨迹跟踪任务,分别在无干扰与有干扰的情况下得到实验结果,结果表明,实验具有较高的控制精度以及较强的抗干扰能力.     

基于阻抗控制的空间机械臂目标捕获技术研究

针对7自由度空间机械臂在目标捕获过程中的应用,根据机械臂末端执行器与目标适配器导向插入过程中存在接触碰撞的特点,提出一种阻抗控制方法,将机械臂末端测量的反作用力和力矩转化为位置增量,从而提高机械臂的主动柔性。并建立MATLAB/ADAMS联合仿真模型进行仿真验证,利用ADAMS的碰撞模型模拟接触捕获时的力学过程。仿真结果表明,本文提出的阻抗控制方法可以减小机械臂末端作用力和关节的驱动力矩,补偿了机械臂位置控制的误差,从而保证了机械臂对目标的捕获精度。     

基于多智能体强化学习的空间机械臂轨迹规划

针对某型六自由度（DOF）空间漂浮机械臂对运动目标捕捉场景,开展了基于深度强化学习的在线轨迹规划方法研究。首先给出了机械臂DH （Denavit-Hartenberg）模型,考虑组合体力学耦合特性建立了多刚体运动学和动力学模型。然后提出了一种改进深度确定性策略梯度算法,以各关节为决策智能体建立了多智能体自学习系统。而后建立了"线下集中学习,线上分布执行"的空间机械臂对匀速直线运动目标捕捉训练系统,构建以目标相对距离和总操作时间为参数的奖励函数。最后通过数学仿真验证,实现了机械臂对各向匀速运动目标的快速捕捉,平均完成耗时5.4 s。与传统基于随机采样的规划算法对比,本文提出的自主决策运动规划方法求解速度和鲁棒性更优。     

打磨机操作臂运动学仿真研究

采用D—H方法建立打磨机操作臂的运动学方程,并讨论该操作臂的运动学问题。首次将MATLAB中的Robotics Toolbox命令与编写的MATLAB程序相结合应用于新型打磨机操作臂正运动学、逆运动学仿真,并对正、逆运动学以及空间轨迹进行了实例仿真。通过仿真观察到操作臂各个关节的运动并得到了所需的数据,说明操作臂建模以及所设计参数的合理性和运动算法的正确性,为打磨机的动力学、控制和规划的研究提供了可靠的参数。     

柔性臂空间机器人的一类运动学方程及轨迹规划

用柔性机械臂连杆末端的弹性变形以及变形角度来表示空间机器人柔性臂的弹性运动变量,克服了用无穷维振动模态变量来表示弹性变形给系统运动学建模带来的困难;基于广义雅可比矩阵的思想,建立了柔性臂空间机器人"双广义雅可比矩阵"形式的运动学模型,该运动学模型描述了柔性臂弹性变形对空间机器人的运动影响;以运动学方程为基础,设计了柔性臂空间机器人的惯性空间内连续轨迹规划算法。仿真表明,规划的机械臂关节运动规律可以补偿柔性连杆振动给机械臂末端位置带来的影响,使机械臂末端位置准确沿着期望的轨迹运动。     

漂浮基柔性臂空间机器人输出力矩受限的自适应PID输出反馈

针对输出力矩受限的漂浮基柔性臂空间机器人的控制问题,结合系统动量守恒关系和拉格朗日方法建立了系统动力学模型;利用奇异摄动法,慢变子系统设计了输出力矩受限情况下仅有位置传感、建模不确定性及干扰的空间机械臂系统协调运动的自适应PID输出反馈控制算法,快变子系统设计了线性二次最优控制方法主动抑制。该算法采用高精度滤波器估计机器人关节速度,使得整个系统的闭环控制仅需位置输出反馈;在控制率中引入饱和函数,保证输出力矩在给定限制范围内,同时采用自适应PID控制器补偿建模不确定性和干扰。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了该算法可确保控制系统是渐近稳定的,针对平面两关节漂浮基柔性臂空间机器人的仿真结果表明了所提出的控制方案良好的跟踪性和快速收敛性。     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

柔性冗余度机器人改善频率特性的研究

对改善柔性冗余度机器人的频率特性进行了研究。首先分析了影响柔性机器人固有频率的因素,得出了在结构参数不变的情况下可以通过适当调整关节运动参数来提高机器人固有频率的结论。然后分析了机器人的自运动与关节运动参数之间的关系。在此基础上,提出了在保证末端名义运动不变的情况下通过规划柔性冗余度机器人的自运动调整关节运动参数来提高系统的固有频率,以避开动力奇异并改善机器人动态性能的方法,此外给出了相应的优化算法。最后通过数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

Failure treatment strategy and fault-tolerant path planning of a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Aiming at a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure, a failure treatment strategy and fault-tolerant path planning method is proposed in this paper. This method can realize failure treatment of a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure through determination of the optimal locked joint angle and dynamics model reconfiguration. Fault-tolerant path planning is realized by the establishment of the degraded workspace with integrated kinematics performance (DWWIKP) and an improved A-Star (A1) algorithm. This paper has the following contributions. The determination of the optimal locked joint angle can ensure that the manipulator is able to continue follow-up tasks while maximizing the workspace of the manipulator after locking the fault joint. Underactuated control of a high degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator can be effectively solved through dynamics model reconfiguration. The analysis process of the dynamics coupling relationship can be applied to cases where the active joint and the passive joint are parallel or perpendicular to each other. The establishment of the DWWIKP can demonstrate the kinematics performance of the manipulator in both joint space and operation space comprehensively. The improved A1 algorithm based on the integrated kinematics performance index (IKPI) can search a fault-tolerant task trajectory that satisfies the requirements of reachability and the overall kinematics performance simultaneously. The method proposed in this paper is verified by a 7-DOF manipulator, and it is available to any DOF manipulator with free-swinging joint failure.     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

A modified forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics based incremental control for space manipulators

Forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics (FABRIK) is an efficient two-stage iterative solver for inverse kinematics of spherical-joint manipulator without the calculation of Jacobian matrix. Based on FABRIK, this paper presents an incremental control scheme for a free-floating space manipulator consists of revolute joints and rigid links with the consideration of joint constraints and dynamic coupling effect. Due to the characteristics of FABRIK, it can induce large angular movements on specific joints. Apart from that, FABRIK maps three dimensional (3D) problem into two dimensional (2D) problem by a simple geometric projection. This operation can cause infinite loops in some cases. In order to overcome these issues and apply FABRIK on space manipulators, an increments allocation method is developed to constrain the angular movements as well as to re-orient the end-effector. The manipulator is re-positioned based on the momentum conservation law. Instead of pure target position tracking, the orientation control of the end-effector is also considered. Numerical simulation is performed to testify and demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed incremental control approach.     

Analysis of reaction torque-based control of a redundant free-floating space robot

Owing to the dynamics coupling between a free-floating base and a manipulator,the non-stationary base of a space robot will face the issue of base disturbance due to a manipulator's motion.The reaction torque acted on the satellite base's centroid is an important index to measure the satellite base's disturbance.In this paper,a comprehensive analysis of the reaction torque is made,and a novel way to derive the analytical form of the reaction torque is proposed.In addition,the reaction torque null-space is derived,in which the manipulator's joint motion is dynamically decoupled from the motion of the satellite base,and its novel expression demonstrates the equivalence between the reaction torque null-space and the reaction null-space.Furthermore,the reaction torque acted as an optimization index can be utilized to achieve satellite base disturbance minimization in the generalized Jacobian-based end-effector Cartesian path tracking task.Besides,supposing that the redundant degrees of freedom are abundant to achieve reaction torque-based active control,the reaction torque can be used to realize satellite base attitude control,that is,base attitude adjustment or maintenance.Moreover,because reaction torque-based control is a second-order control scheme,joint torque minimization can be regarded as the optimization task in reaction torque-based active or in-active control.A real-time simulation system of a 7-DOF space robot under Linux/RTAI is developed to verify and test the feasibility and reliability of the proposed ideas.Our extensive empirical results demonstrate that the corresponding analysis about the reaction torque is correct and the proposed methods are feasible.