嵌入式小型智能气流传感器原理及应用研究

高隐身性、高敏捷性和大信息量是未来作战飞机的突出特点,也是基本的战术要求。满足这样条件的大气数据系统,应保证飞机具有光滑的表面,能够精确控制大迎角机动状态下的飞行和作战,同时应具备快速处理大量信息的软件算法和硬件环境。因此大气数据系统的研究集中在取消传统的突出式气动探测器,发展嵌入式的气动探测系统。本文提出了一种嵌入式小型智能气流传感器设计原理和试验方法,对试验结果进行分析和总结。     

Supersonic drag reduction technology in the scaled supersonic experimental airplane project by JAXA

Anticipating the international cooperative development of a next generation supersonic transport (SST), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed an advanced drag reduction technique as one of the key technologies that will be required. JAXA's technique is based on an aerodynamically optimum combination of well-known pressure drag reduction concepts and a new friction drag reduction concept. The pressure drag reduction concepts are mainly grounded in supersonic linear theory and involve the application of an arrow planform, a warped wing with optimum camber and twist, and an area-ruled body. The friction drag reduction concept is a world-first technical approach that obtains a natural laminar flow wing with a subsonic leading edge at supersonic speed. An ideal pressure distribution is first designed to delay boundary layer transition even on a highly swept wing, then an original CFD-based inverse design method is applied to obtain a wing shape that realizes the pressure distribution. An unmanned and scaled supersonic experimental airplane was flown at the Woomera test field in Australia in October 2005 to prove those concepts. Flight data analysis and comparison of flight data with CFD design data validated the drag reduction technique both qualitatively and quantitatively.     

民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件和飞行试验协同平台的接口研究与实现

针对试飞资源复杂多样的特点,阐述了在民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件和飞行试验协同平台间建立接口交联的必要。飞行试验协同平台接口应用计算机技术,借助民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件前端试验信息处理和管理功能,依托试飞任务单和试飞试验点,实现民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件对飞行试验协同平台试飞数据的读取和调用。经应用分析,通过开发接口能便捷地获取完整、准确的试飞数据,降低试飞成本,减少试飞工作量,提高试飞效率,有助于型号试飞工作的更顺利进行。     

研究转子内流动的大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术

本文在评述国外同类技术的基础上,介绍近年研制成的,以研究转子内流动为主要对象的低速大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术,包括实验台、旋转四坐标全电动探针位移机构、并行多通道高速数据采集器、高频压力探针及一整套高频压力探针、热丝和激光多普勒动态测量技术,列举了典型的转子内和转子进、出口复杂流场测量结果。      

航空发动机分布式控制系统技术分析及系统方案

分析了航空发动机分布式控制系统的系统结构、通讯总线、智能元件、高温电子元器件及分布式电源总线等领域的研究现状,并进行技术成熟度评估.结果表明:航空发动机分布式控制系统研究处于基础研究阶段,各项技术成熟度(TRL)主要处于TRL1~TRL2.针对某涡扇发动机提出基于TTCAN(时间触发控制器局域网协议)总线的过渡分布式和部分分布式两种控制系统方案,分析了各方案中系统结构、控制功能和信号交互特点,以期为航空发动机分布式控制系统进一步研究提供参考.      

Low-NOx Combustor Development pursued within the scope of the Engine 3E German national research program in a cooperative effort among engine Manufacturer MTU,University of Karlsruhe and DLR German Aerospace Research Center

MTU Aero Engines, the University of Karlsruhe and the DLR Aerospace Research Centre co-operated within the scope of the German national aeronautical research program Engine 3E. The program was focused on improving high-bypass turbofan engines. As a part of this program, a low-emission single-annular combustor was developed. The NOx emissions of this combustor are significantly reduced by using the rich-lean combustion concept.The basic idea of this concept is to avoid stoichiometric combustion conditions by splitting the combustion domain into a fuel-rich zone (low-oxygen zone) and a fuel-lean (low temperature zone). The NOx reduction capability of a combustor of this type scales with the homogeneity of the mixture in the rich zone and the time interval needed for the transition from the rich to the lean zone.Based on the insights gained from this cooperative research, an annular combustor was developed and tested at pressures up to 20 bar and inlet temperatures up to 800 K. The tested annular combustor was found to have NOx emissions of about 40% of the ICAO 96 standard. The carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions of the combustor are of about the same levels as present state of the art combustors.     

航天飞控中心软件再工程方法与实践

从软件再工程的基本概念和模型入手,首先说明了航天飞控中心软件再工程的目标和意义,然后结合测控应用软件的特点,讨论了为保障功能、质量、开发周期等要求可以采取的再工程策略方法。文中还分析总结了作为航天指控中心首次软件再工程实践的“某应急控制系统”软件开发经验,对如何更加有效提高软件质量和融合新兴技术提出了观点。     

现代电传操纵飞机驾驶员手操纵器试飞演示

介绍了１９９４年在俄罗斯格罗莫夫飞行研究（ＦＲＩ）的Ｔｙ－１５４Ｍ空中飞行模拟器上进行的现代电传操纵飞机试飞演示的情况，其中包括试飞文件编写，飞行前训练，飞行试验，驾驶员评定，数据处理和编写技术报告等内容，对现代电传操纵飞机驾驶员手操纵器试飞方法进行了综合分析与研究，获得了一些实践经验，可供国内同行参考。     

Open systems architecture solutions for military avionics testing

Raytheon makes extensive use of open systems architecture methods in developing special test equipment (STE) for testing military avionics equipment. Such use has resulted in significant cost and schedule savings in the development of production test equipment for radar and infrared systems. With open systems architectures, a test system can be assembled using COTS products. This brings economies of scale to test equipment, which is normally built in very low quantities. Therefore, the potential cost savings due to COTS usage is proportionately greater in STE than in the higher volume avionics systems that are tested. A second major benefit of using COTS products is that test system development schedule cycle time is greatly reduced. This paper describes the application of Open Systems Architectures (OSA) to avionics testing. The following major architectures are surveyed: VME bus, VXI bus, IEEE GPIB, IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test bus, 1553 Military Bus, Fibre Channel, and COTS Test Applications Software. We describe how the benefits of OSA have been extended at Raytheon into achieving vertical test commonalities. The flexibility of OSA can be exploited to provide an overall optimum test solution, taking all levels of test into account. For example, test systems can be tailored with COTS products to provide integrated methods for avionics tests at the module, unit, and system levels. Test systems can be configured to maximize the reuse of COTS hardware over all test levels. Test software can also be programmed to optimize such reuse over levels of test. Additional test verticality synergies derived from such OSA usage are described, including: test false alarm avoidance; test cones of tolerance optimization; and efficient test of field returns     

The German satellite mission TerraSAR-X

TerraSAR-X is Germany's first national remote sensing satellite being implemented in a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and EATS Astrium GmbH. TerraSAR-X was launched on June 15, 2007 and will supply high-quality radar data for purposes of scientific observation of the Earth for a period of at least five years. At the same time, it is designed to satisfy the steadily growing demand of the private sector for remote sensing data in the commercial market [1].     

飞行环境模拟系统多容腔流-固传热建模

为了提升高空台飞行环境模拟系统(FESS)数值仿真平台的置信度,提出了一种多容腔流-固传热的建模方法,该方法考虑了混合器气流掺混、流-固传热、管道压力损失等因素的影响;建立了包括调节阀流量特性、液压伺服系统、混合器、混合器出口导流栅流量特性、整流子系统、管道容腔模型在内的部件模型库,并基于该模型库构建了仿真平台。为了验证本文建模方法的有效性,采用两次掺混试验数据对仿真模型进行对比验证表明,仿真结果与试验测量结果动态变化趋势基本一致,且温度、压力的最大误差分别不大于2.5K、2kPa;为了分析FESS控制系统的能力,假定了一次典型的发动机试验条件来进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,FESS控制系统具备进行发动机平飞加速和等马赫数爬升试验的能力。     

Density and Temperature in Wind Tunnels Using Electron Beams

In a paper presented at the last meeting of the International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, a method of measuring gas density by radiation scattering was presented. Since that time, the method has been further developed using scattering of 50-keV electrons and has been applied in a wind tunnel using air as a test gas. Test section temperature and density were in the neighborhood of 150°K and 6×10-8 g/cm3. In this application, accuracies better than 1.0 percent appear to be attainable, together with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. The application is described, and comprehensive design data are presented. In addition, the density measurements have been supplemented by measurements of the local rotational temperature, utilizing nitrogen molecular band radiation excited by a second electron beam. Comparisons between the density and temperature measurements and flow properties obtained by standard gas-dynamic calculations are made.     

基于CPCI总线的直升机飞参外场便携式测试系统研究

介绍了对基于CPCI总线技术的直升机飞参外场便携式测试系统的研究,着重从采用CPCI总线的硬件平台构建和COM组件技术的软件平台构建两方面对该测试系统进行了阐述.     

DGPS-based aircraft flight guidance/test system

The utilization of the GPS system for Aircraft Flight Guidance/Test (AFGT) is a research project in China. The paper describes the concepts and the technical realization of such a system, including three components: ground subsystem, on-board subsystem and data communication link using TDMA technique. The purpose of the proposed AFGT system is to calibrate and verify performance of an on-board radar. Therefore, it must meet the requirements of evaluation of radar performances in several areas: accuracy, coverage range, and others. The AFGT System's displays are separately: a Moving Colored Digital Map on which flight trajectories, waypoints, and heights of aircrafts are clearly marked; and a Polar Coordinate Figure on which the bearings, headings, and distances of aircrafts relative to the origin of the ground control center are shown. The AFGT may monitor and guide several aircrafts flying in the pointed airspace. It support airport surface surveillance and air traffic control at the terminal area. A real-time software package RTTEST, which includes tracking display software and on-flight test software for radar evaluation, has conducted simulation with satisfactory position accuracy     

Cryogenic rocket engine research within the National Technology Program TEKAN at the German Aerospace Center

The paper presents the highlights and a summary report of the research activities on cryogenic propulsion at the German Aerospace Center in Lampoldshausen within the National Technology Program. The research is conducted in cooperation with European industries and research establishments. The German National Technology Programme on Cryogenic Rocket Engines TEKAN, which is presented here, is a joint DLR/Astrium GmbH project with the aim to provide key technologies for future cryogenic rocket engines. The research work at the German Aerospace Center is focused on the injector, combustor, and nozzle technology and related topics.     

大型运输机发动机高空试验方法比较

本文介绍了大型运输机发动机高空试验需求,以及两种高空试验方法,即高空台模拟试验和飞行台试验,重点阐述了这两种试验方法各自的优缺点,突出了高空模拟试验在大型运输机发动机研制中的重要地位,从而表明了试验基地加速SB101高空模拟试车台2号高空舱续建具有极其重要的意义.     

Mission/flight systems integration study: a long-term electronicsplanning project

The objective of the Mission/Flight System Integration Study (M/FSIS) is to identify the requirements and development objectives for electronics systems technologies and conceptual architectures in future weapon system applications (in and around the year 2005), based on analyses of future missions, threats, scenarios, aerospace system concepts, and technology trends. The products are substantiated requirements for future electronics functions, systems, and architecture; technology development objectives and roadmaps; and conceptual electronics architectures and functional definitions. The study outputs will serve to guide laboratory technology development planning and programs; guide weapon system program office long-range electronics planning; illustrate user needs in terms of electronics requirements; and guide air logistics center weapon-system master planning     

民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件适用性研究

飞行试验是民机研制的重要手段,也是飞机取得适航证的必经过程。随着现代大型民用飞机的设计越来越复杂,试飞制约因素越来越多样,任务量越来越庞大。试飞成为制约型号进度和研制成本的重要因素。对于试飞工作者而言,必须采用科学的方法对试飞任务进行合理规划和管理。为此,国内某飞机设计研究院历时三年,开发了一款用于试飞任务管理的软件——民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件(Flight Test Control System,简称FTCS)。以国内某型号飞机试飞为例,对FTCS的适用性进行了分析和评估,为FTCS的应用和发展提供建议。     

Control of a decelerating boundary layer. Part 3: Optimization of round jets vortex generators

In the previous two parts of this study [G. Godard, M. Stanislas, Control of a decelerating boundary layer. Part 1: Optimization of passive vortex generators, Aerospace Sci. Technol. 10 (3) (2006) 181–191; G. Godard, J.M. Foucaut, M. Stanislas, Control of a decelerating boundary layer. Part 2: Optimization of slotted jets vortex generators, Aerospace Sci. Technol. 10 (5) (2006) 394–400], two different types of vortex generators were characterized and optimized in an adverse pressure gradient boundary layer. The model used was a bump in a boundary layer wind tunnel, which mimics the adverse pressure gradient on the suction side of an airfoil at the verge of separation. The present contribution describes the results of a test campaign performed in the same facility to optimize round jets devices with continuous blowing. The optimization was done as previously with hot film shear stress probes. The results show that the optimized jet devices give performances comparable to standard passive vortex generators in terms of skin friction. They also allow a quantitative comparison between three different types of vortex generators: passive devices, slotted and round jets. This comparison is performed in both co- and counter-rotating configurations.