使用综合数据分析飞机的失速尾旋特性

在六自由度仿真计算时,综合使用旋转天平数据、振荡天平数据显得尤其重要。沿速度矢量的旋转角速度用于旋转天平试验数据。旋转角速度的其他分量用于振荡天平试验数据。在综合使用数据时提出了综合因子的概念。最后给出了单独使用振荡天平数据、综合使用振荡天平试验数据和旋转天平数据的六自由度仿真结果,以及相应的试飞结果。     

旋转天平试验和飞机尾旋预测

本文阐述了研究飞机失速／尾旋的重要性和研究尾旋的方法，介绍了哈尔滨空气动力研究所研制的旋转天平试验装置和校准模型的试验结果以及如何应用旋转天平试验数据预测飞机尾旋特性。     

CARDC旋转天平风洞试验系统

旋转天平风洞试验系统主要用于风洞中测定飞机模型在不同姿态角时绕风轴以不同旋转速率作等速旋转状态下的气动特性，为飞机尾旋特性的分析和预测提供必要的气动系数。本文简要介绍了中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速所的旋转天平风洞试验系统的总体方案、试验能力和性能。文中给出了校验模型试验的主要结果，对试验数据的精准度进行了简单的讨论。校验模型试验结果表明，本试验系统给出的旋转状态气动力系数的精准度达到了较高的水平     

FD09风洞旋转天平试验系统研制

为了分析和预测飞机的尾旋特性,一般通过旋转天平风洞试验测定飞机模型在不同姿态角时绕风轴以不同旋转速率作等速旋转状态下的气动特性。针对上述情况,研制FD09低速风洞旋转天平试验系统,介绍该旋转天平试验系统的设计特点、性能指标,并进行SDM标模和战斗机模型对比验证。结果表明:本试验系统工作稳定可靠,试验结果与参考曲线有较好的重复性,并且本试验系统试验曲线的光滑性要更好一些,同时本试验系统给出的试验数据精度较高,可以用于开展型号试验及相关空气动力学研究。     

矢量喷管六分量测力试验台的研制

为用于矢量喷管试验而研制的新型六分量天平试验台选择台式天平作为测力平设计方案，对称全弹性波纹管作为连接试验台和固定管道的引气管道，采用地轴单元校和地轴多元获取天平工作公式，并采用试验修正消除波纹管的影响，根据天平静校和标准收敛喷管的动校检验，该天平性能达到了设计要求，说明天平的研制是成功的。     

某飞行器推力矢量试验测力装置研制

为满足某飞行器推力矢量试验的测试要求,采用两台六分量应变天平和一个空气桥组成测力装置来实现飞机全机气动力和喷管推进特性同时分别测量。基于有限元软件,对天平的应变及空气桥对天平的干扰进行了分析。结果表明:空气桥对天平力分量的干扰值优于5%,对力矩(滚转力矩除外)分量的干扰值优于15%,达到了设计指标。通过校准获得了单独天平、天平带空气桥(充压、不充压)状态下的校准公式,校准结果表明:两台天平各分量的综合加载误差均优于0.3%,天平带空气桥(充压、不充压)状态下各分量的综合加载误差优于0.5%,空气桥对天平的干扰量值与有限元分析结果一致。理论分析与实测结果证明:研制的天平及空气桥达到了预定目标,它的测量精准度高,满足推力矢量风洞试验需求。     

Φ5m立式风洞旋转天平试验装置研制

Φ5m立式风洞旋转天平试验装置是为开展飞机尾旋特性研究而研制的重要基础设备,主要用于测定模型在绕风轴以不同速率作等速旋转状态下的气动特性,为飞机尾旋特性的分析和预测提供必要的气动参数。该装置采用双立柱弧形轨结构形式,采用网络一体化试验管理和控制模式,不但能够开展旋转天平试验,而且还具备动导数试验、大迎角试验、旋转/振荡耦合试验等功能。主要介绍旋转天平试验装置系统组成和设计,分析了引导性试验结果,最后给出了结论。     

FL-26风洞条带悬挂支撑內式天平研制

FL-26风洞条带悬挂支撑內式六分量天平采用管状结构的试验方案,有效地解决了天平的静校问题;天平内腔采用扁圆结构,有效地解决了天平轴向力元件处的强度和刚度问题,较好地降低了前后测量梁上下应变不对称的程度,同时增大了侧向力及偏航力矩的输出;用关于天平轴向对称布置的双铰链梁测量滚转力矩,提高了滚转力矩分量的测量精准度。本文主要介绍条带悬挂支撑內式六分量天平研制难点、解决方案及天平动校结果。     

尾旋预测技术

研究了旋转气流环境中快速鉴定飞机气动特性的兰利尾旋风洞中的旋转天平设备。设计者为获得机内旋转天平数据图表，预测稳定尾旋模型并同时获取数据，可在现场研究高抗尾旋形态，如果尾旋特性用于特技飞行或训练，就可演示所希望的尾旋特性。旋转天平数据也用于计算随时间变化的最初阶段、发展阶段和改出尾旋阶段。本文介绍和讨论这些尾旋分析技术：旋转天平数据评价，稳定尾旋平衡预测，大角度、六自由度随时间变化的计算。     

喷管模型试验器六分量天平校准技术

为了提高喷管内流试验台六分量测力天平的静态和动态校准的精度和准度,采用了理论计算与标模试验相结合的方法,开展了天平校准技术研究.对静校的原始数据进行1次项与3次项对比分析,得出了天平在安装、调试阶段的经验模型,重复性标模试验表明完善的数据处理方法可以极大地提高天平动校精度和准度,试验结果与四分量天平比较,证明了天平性能的可靠性以及以喷管落压比为基准修正测力系统附加力、附加力矩的正确性.该六分量天平校准方法可对其他多分量测力系统的校准提供参考.      

基于数据的发动机模型匹配方法研究

针对在使用环境条件下发动机部件特性未知的问题,为获得在实际装机条件下的发动机部件特性,采用1种基于参考数据的发动机部件级模型匹配方法,在对测量数据和模型特征分析的基础上,选取适当调整参数,以模型在非设计点的仿真输出与参考数据的匹配精度为目标,通过迭代方法求解部件特性。仿真数据表明:采用基于数据的发动机匹配技术得到的发动机模型,其仿真输出与参考数据的偏差均在允许范围内。利用该方法可以得到在使用条件下的发动机部件特性,为装机状态发动机的仿真预测提供技术支撑。     

航空矢量喷管测试平台用六分量盒式天平结构设计

为了满足航空发动机推力矢量高精度测量的需求,研制了一种结构紧凑的能够实现推力矢量彻底分解的六分量盒式天平.该天平关键结构包括:三维传感器、固定框和浮动框.其中三维传感器的弹性体采用串、并联组合的结构型式.基于有限元分析,对传感器弹性体的设计进行了模拟,结果显示传感器各测力元件对本分量载荷作用敏感程度均远高于其他分量,支撑元件也较好地阻隔了各测力元件之间的相互干扰,该结论也通过了传感器的校准验证.六分量盒式天平整体的刚度和模态分析结果:天平无需做弹性角修正;1阶固有频率为218.8Hz,高于设计指标180Hz.六分量盒式天平校准表明:天平各分量精确度优于3‰,准确度优于5‰.      

Comparison of strapdown inertial navigation algorithm based on rotation vector and dual quaternion

 For the navigation algorithm of the strapdown inertial navigation system, by comparing to the equations of the dual quaternion and quaternion, the superiority of the attitude algorithm based on dual quaternion over the ones based on rotation vector in accuracy is analyzed in the case of the rotation of navigation frame. By comparing the update algorithm of the gravitational velocity in dual quaternion solution with the compensation algorithm of the harmful acceleration in traditional velocity solution, the accuracy advantage of the gravitational velocity based on dual quaternion is addressed. In view of the idea of the attitude and velocity algorithm based on dual quaternion, an improved navigation algorithm is proposed, which is as much as the rotation vector algorithm in computational complexity. According to this method, the attitude quaternion does not require compensating as the navigation frame rotates. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, simulations are carried out utilizing the software, and the simulation results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm is approximately equal to the dual quaternion algorithm.     

Modeling and analysis of solar Doppler difference bias with arbitrary rotation axis

The solar rotation causes the solar Doppler difference bias, which leads to the decline of the velocity measurement accuracy. Modeling and compensation are an effective solution. The limited model with specific geometric direction, where the solar rotation axis is perpendicular to the plane through the Sun, the Earth and Mars, was established. However, in fact, the geometric relationship among the Sun, Mars and the spacecraft is not fully in line with the hypothesis of the model due to the spacecraft orbital angle and the solar rotation axis drift. Thus, this model is not consistent with the fact. In order to solve this problem, a universal solar Doppler difference bias model, which provides the expression with arbitrary rotation axis, is established in this paper. In this method, for any point at the solar surface, four variables including the direction of the solar rotation linear velocity at this point, the distance from this point to the rotation axis, the vector from this point to Mars, and the vector from this point to the spacecraft are calculated. Based on these four variables, the solar Doppler difference bias corresponding to this point is obtained. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the solar Doppler difference bias model with the actual rotation axis is different from that with one of the specific rotation axes. Therefore, it is indispensable to build the proposed model for compensation. Besides, the direction of the solar rotation axis, the spacecraft-Mars-Sun angle and the spacecraft-to-Mars distance are important impact factors for the proposed model.     

Experimental and numerical simulation of bird-strike performance of lattice-material-infilled curved plate

The anti-bird-strike performance of a lattice-material-infilled curved plate is investigated herein. Since automatically filling the curved structure by classical lattice material filling methods will cause a large number of manufacturing defects, a space-dependent lattice material filling method for the curved plate is firstly proposed in this paper Next, using a face-centered cubic lattice, a lattice-material-infilled test piece with a hollow ratio of 40.8% is built. The test pieces are manufactured via additive manufacturing using titanium alloy. In bird-strike experimental tests, the test pieces are crashed against gelatin birds at an impact velocity of 200 m/s. Dynamic strain gauges are used to record the crash history and the results are discussed. Furthermore, a numerical analysis to simulate the bird-strike experiment is performed. The results from the experimental tests and numerical simulation agree well. This work shows that the lattice-material-infilled curved plate yields promising bird-strike resistance. Therefore, lattice-infilled materials are feasible for protecting aerospace components against bird-strike as well as for reducing the component weight.     

Rotation method for direction finding via GPS carrier phases

A baseline rotation method is proposed for determining the direction of the baseline vector via Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase measurements. The space difference technique is adopted to resolve GPS carrier phase cycle ambiguities. Possible applications include the determination of the aiming directions of artillery rockets and the line of sights of tracking radars, etc. For such armaments, the direction findings are important and the rotating mechanisms are well equipped already. A general baseline vector which can be rotated on a two-degree-of-freedom platform is considered first. The relationship among the baseline vector and the two rotation axes is not known. A sequence of rotations is used to change the configuration of the system to find the direction of the baseline. Under different circumstances such as the cases that some orthogonal conditions among the unknown vectors are given, simplified algorithms are devised. To verify our method, software simulation and hardware experiments have been conducted. The simulation outcomes are used to determine the experimental parameters, such as the length of the baseline, the rotation angles etc. The results of repeated hardware experiments show that the sample standard deviation for the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the 1.35 m baseline vector are 0.91 deg and 1.23 deg, respectively. The GPS receivers employed are Motorola ONCOREs. The errors of the estimated direction angles induced by the inaccuracy of rotation angles, which are unavoidable due to the imperfectness of the mechanical structure, are analyzed as well. Numerical examples for the error analysis are included     

On the rotation vector differential equation

A direct and simple derivation of the differential equation of the rotation vector is provided. The property that the time derivative of the rotation vector and the angular velocity have equal magnitude along the direction of the rotation vector is also derived     

风洞中复杂流场三维速度LDV测量

本文将一台TSI 9100-7型两分量激光测速仪改进为可测三个速度分量的LDV系统,并用于测量风洞中椭球体模型、双三角翼模型大迎角下的复杂流场三维速度分量。流场横截面内的速度矢量分布与相同实验条件下的流态显示结果相符合,并对涡流场加以分析。     

发动机构件低循环疲劳模拟试验件设计方法

通过多子样模拟件可靠性寿命试验，补充构件试验量的不足，得到构件可靠性寿命，是解决发动机构件试验费昂贵的有效途径。探讨了低循环疲劳模拟试验件的设计方法，讨论了相关的寿命模型、设计准则和模拟件典型样式。