Commilitary-another new world order

The use of commercial practices to achieve military functional designs that provide high performance in inexpensive systems, designated here commilitary, is examined. Commilitary designs call for a mix of military quality and technology with some basic restrictions and approaches that are common to the commercial world. Areas such as parts selection, environmental conditions, levels of inspection and test, and configuration control which must be tailored for high volume modules are explored. A forward looking predictive windsheer radar is presented as a successful application of this approach     

The future of military standards. A focus on electronics

The growing perception that with cutbacks in the military and the changing international economic environment, the military must rely on commercial industries in order to afford the next generation of high-performance and high-reliability military systems is discussed. One issue associated with the question of whether an industrial base for the military can be provided and maintained without major changes in the operation of both the government and commercial industry is examined, namely, whether commercial standards can effectively supplant military standards and still provide high performance and reliability for military missions     

Successful deployment of commercial ATE to an Air Force I-level (back-shop) repair facility

In today's world of constrained budgets, one of the problems the military faces is the challenge of trying to maintain organic maintenance capabilities. Historically, the US Air Force has desired to achieve an autonomous capability to maintain the equipment it uses. This has been achieved, traditionally, by setting-up three levels of maintenance: organizational; intermediate (back-shop); and depot. The I-level back-shops often utilize militarized automatic test equipment (ATE) and test program sets (TPSs) to test today's complex aircraft line replaceable units (LRUs). And even though this is still a cost-effective maintenance philosophy, it has become costly to develop militarized ATE. The Department of Defense (DoD) has been very active in trying to reduce the total ownership cost of ATE in the government inventory. One approach is to utilize commercial, instead of Mil-Spec, ATE. However, utilizing commercial ATE at an USAF back-shop is not without its tradeoffs and challenges as it represents a significant deviation from the way the USAF maintenance squadrons are accustomed to "doing business." This paper documents the current success story of replacing the legacy C-17 I-level ATE with a commercial ATE.     

Robotic technology integration for army ground vehicles

This paper discusses the US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center's (TARDEC's) four (4) axis strategy for integration of robotics into the legacy, interim, and objective forces. At the cornerstone of this strategy is the R&D effort concentrating on autonomous perception and navigation, intelligent tactical behavior, command and control, and man-robot interface entailed in the Demo III and Robotic Follower programs. Smart Manned Systems focuses on a systems engineering approach for robotic solutions into the interim force (Vetronics Technology Testbed and Crew Integration & Automation Testbed). In the near-term, application of robotics to the legacy force will be achieved through adapting commercial automation technologies, which address military requirements. Finally, Intelligent Mobility will investigate improving intrinsic platform mobility to lessen the burden on robotic sensing performance. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to advance the robotics technology state-of-the-art to achieve off-road full autonomous operations for military systems in support of the objective force     

动态保障结构下多级多层备件配置优化建模

针对作战编队执行长时间、远距离任务期间,编队后方保障站点变更的情况,结合部队维修保障的特点,基于可修复备件多级管理(METRIC)理论,通过计算编队剩余备件分布规律,建立了动态保障体系结构下基于时变可用度的三级两层备件保障模型。以备件储存空间为约束,可用度为目标,建立了分阶段边际优化模型。列举实例,采用分阶段边际算法对备件方案进行优化,对比分析了动态保障结构下和固定保障结构下装备可用度随时间的变化,并采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法对案例进行实验验证。案例结果表明:采取多个后方站点的保障方式能有效提高装备可用度;案例仿真实验结果与解析结果误差在4%以内。模型可为保障决策者制定备件方案提供辅助决策工具。     

军用飞机备件供应保障流程分析

备件是航空装备使用和维修的重要物质基础,其供应保障对于飞机的战备完好和系统效能发挥具有重要意义.本文通过对备件供应保障的详细描述,分析了现存供应保障体制存在的主要问题,重点阐述三级和两级备件的保障流程,最后指出了军机备件保障的发展方向.     

Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer target identification for radarsurveillance

This paper considers the problem of target track identification in a radar surveillance system. To build a target identifier alongside a tracker, four features which are available for real-time processing in an air surveillance system are used here: target identity (TID) from a friend-and-foe identification (IFF) system, elevation measurement from the radar, target speed, and acceleration estimated by a tracker. These four features are combined to classify air targets into five different air target categories: friendly commercial, friendly military, hostile commercial (or unknown airline), hostile military, and false targets (clutter). Two popular statistic-based techniques, namely, the Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer methods, are applied to develop radar target identification algorithms for our application. Real-life as well as simulated air surveillance radar data are used to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of this track identification approach in a radar surveillance system     

An innovative commercial avionics architecture for militarytanker/transport platforms

Honeywell has implemented a versatile integrated avionics (VIA) architecture in several advanced commercial flight deck applications ensuring a military tie to future commercial upgrades related to global air traffic management functions. The VIA architecture can also be easily extended to meet unique military requirements of the advanced military flight decks for military tanker/transport upgrade programs. The subtle changes in the architecture are a result of unique equipment interfaces and unique military equipment such as communications radios, identification friend or foe, station keeping equipment and defensive systems which must be integrated within the architecture. The ability to integrate both commercial and military functions in the same high integrity computing platform truly offers the military the best of both worlds     

金属增材制造技术应用于军用飞机维修保障浅析

金属增材制造技术的发展为军用飞机维修保障提供了一条数字化、定制化、高性能、短周期的技术新途径,可提升军用飞机维修保障的技术水平和能力。本文综述了军用飞机维修保障的国内外现状,指出了金属增材制造技术的应用优势,介绍了军用飞机零件的典型损伤形式、不同增材制造工艺的适用性及修复工艺选取方案,分析了所涉及的逆向建模、结构优化、智能机器人等关键技术,详述了目前存在的技术成熟度与可靠性不高、修复原则不明确、标准规范不统一等主要问题及解决措施,指出了增材制造技术在军用飞机维修保障领域未来的发展方向和趋势,并给出了具体的应用建议。     

飞机使用保障中的技术状态管理方法研究

目前,我国军用飞机由使用方自行规划开展飞机在使用保障阶段的技术状态管理工作,缺乏信息化手 段,效率低下,且与飞机研制交付阶段的技术状态管理工作存在断层。通过研究飞机使用保障中的技术状态管 理内涵,分析技术状态标识、技术状态控制、技术状态记实、技术状态审核等内容,提出一种适用于飞机使用保 障中的技术状态管理方法,并在某型号工程研制中进行工程实践。结果表明:该方法可显著提高飞机使用保障 中的技术状态管理效率。     

系统工程在大型客机运行支持系统研制中的应用综述

将商用飞机系统思想应用于产品运行支持系统研制过程中，从利益攸关方需要定义、功能分析、需求定义和适航约束限制、系统架构定义、接口定义、设计综合、验证确认到运行评审，完整地分析了产品运行支持系统研制的全过程，并给出产品运行支持系统全生命周期过程的模型与定义。该方法可以有效地将大型客机产品运行顶层需求分解至产品研制和运行支持系统研制需求中，并且通过过程集成以及技术集成将运行支持系统研制与飞机研制相结合，从而保证大型客机在满足适航型号合格审定（TC）和航空器评审（AEG）要求的同时，能够满足客户实际运行安全性和经济性需求。     

Safety testing of lithium ion batteries for navy devices

Lithium ion battery technology is being introduced into power supplies used by our armed forces for a variety of applications. In many cases, the same cells and design parameters that support commercial battery packs are being used in military battery packs. This approach is expected to result in a major decrease in the total life cycle cost of the equipment these batteries support. On June 13, 1991, NAVSEA issued INST9310.1B1, which states that all lithium battery powered equipment must undergo safety evaluation and approval prior to fleet use. This safety program governs a process whereby approvals are issued for lithium batteries to be used in specific equipment on ground facilities, surface combatants, air combatants, and/or submarines. The Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) manages the program. The chief technical advisors are Code 644 at NSWC Carderock Division and Code 609A at NSWC Crane Division. This paper describes three battery designs that incorporate lithium ion technology, and the results of battery safety tests conducted in accordance with navy requirements.     

PAVE PACE: system avionics for the 21st century

The PAVE PACE Initiative has been established to validate system avionics concepts for advanced military aircraft. The author presents the rationale of why the advanced architecture established by the PAVE PILLAR program should be continued under PAVE PACE to achieve: practical and affordable airborne versions of modular parallel processing network architectures for many applications currently beyond real-time implementation, readily available avionics for use in all avionics and, greatly improved techniques to reduce the cost of software development and support. An approach to the overall design structure for future avionics is also presented that entails: the use of CAD (computer-aided design) tools to assist in the development of system, hardware and software requirements, the use of replicated hardware modules (some at the wafer level), the use of reuseable software modules and the use of CAD tools to tailor hardware/software modules for specific application requirements. Continued use of the PAVE PILLAR high-speed data bus and operating system is recommended as the means to integrate and control the data input and output of physically and functionally separate parallel networks     

国外航空发动机关键件定寿和延寿方法分析

为获得航空发动机关键件的最大安全使用寿命,在国际航空领域开发了多种寿命评定方法。针对国外军、民用航空发动机通用规范对关键件的安全性要求,深入分析了5种定寿方法和基于裂纹扩展寿命、改进的统计方法、风险评估等方向研究发展起来的３种关键件延寿方法的原理、使用范围、使用条件以及安全性等问题。根据假设的轮盘试验结果,采用预定安全循环寿命法计算了轮盘的安全寿命,并分别运用改进的统计法和简化的风险模型进行了轮盘延寿的计算和分析     

Advanced developments in NiH2 Dependent Pressure Vessel(DPV) cell and battery technology

The Dependent Pressure Vessel (DPV) Nickel-Hydrogen (NiH₂ ) design is being developed by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. (EPI) as an advanced battery for military and commercial, aerospace and terrestrial applications. The DPV cell design offers high specific energy and energy density as well as reduced cost, while retaining the established Individual Pressure Vessel (IPV) technology flight heritage and database. This advanced DPV design also offers a more efficient mechanical, electrical and thermal cell and battery configuration and a reduced parts count. The DPV battery design promotes compact, minimum volume packaging and weight efficiency, and delivers cost and weight savings with minimal design risks     

军民融合视角下民用飞机维修体系建设及其在国防装备保障领域的应用

随着科技的快速发展,国防装备复杂程度日益增高,目前,以军方的保障能力要想合理有效地独立完成其保障任务仍有难度。为了提供更好的供应保障,基于民用飞机维修体系,结合国防装备使用特点,从军民融合的视角提出民用飞机维修体系建设经验在国防装备保障领域的应用建议,将民用飞机维修体系中的客户需求分析、健康监控与管理技术、维修策略、保障模式等融入国防装备研究领域,健全完善国防装备的技术和保障模式。     

带PMC背板的VME模块热加固技术研究

目前,大量的工业级芯片及电子模块产品已经开始运用到军用电子产品领域.通过对某机栽计算机中的带PMc背板的VME模块的热加固方法进行分析,阐述了工业级芯片及电子模块产品军用化的热加固基本思想和方法,揭示了在对工业级产品进行加固时应注意的问题,从而为有效解决该类模块的热加固问题打下基础.     

基于寿命件的民航发动机送修目标确定方法

为了科学合理地制定维修工作范围,提出了一种面向全寿命周期的基于寿命件的民航发动机送修目标确定方法.首先以全寿命周期内送修次数最少、寿命件总成本最低、目标在翼总循环最长为优化目标,建立了多目标优化模型;在分析各优化目标的基础上,提出了一种基于分步求解策略的模型求解方法;最后,采用某航空公司一台航发动机的实际数据对提出的送修目标确定方法进行了验证.结果表明提出的方法能够基于妥协系数和各优化目标权重实现全寿命期内送修次数和寿命件总成本的平衡,能够为发动机送修目标的确定提供决策支持,避免了送修目标确定的随意性.     

ULM battery technology review and applications update

The Ultra Low Maintenance (ULM) battery technology and its historical performance validation programs are reviewed. Recent military flight test programs are discussed and the growing lists of both military and commercial aircraft flying ULM batteries are presented