一种精化的层合梁脱层模型

建立了一种精化的复合材料层合梁脱层模型。脱层梁被分为3个区,各区位移场为厚度坐标的三次函数,能满足层间位移和剪应力的连续条件、脱层界面的脱层条件和脱层边界点的位移连续条件。构造了其有限元模型。算例表明该模型较之基于经典理论和一阶剪切变形理论的脱层模型精度显著提高。     

发动机机匣、支板系统结构动力分析

发展了在环向只能处理连续变量的常规有限条法。分析在环向由若干个离散分布的支板和支架支承的发动机机匣回转壳。各离散支板和支架回转壳刚度的贡献, 是通过支板和壳体连接处位移相等的变换, 将各支板的刚度阵叠加到回转壳的总体刚度阵上实现的。同时证明了位移在环向的Fourier级数展开式中, 只有n=0, n=1项对轴系的支承刚度有贡献。支板及支板附近的壳体的局部应力, 是由局部子结构空间板壳有限元分析得到, 该子结构的边界位移由整体的回转壳分析给出。算例表明, 本文提出的方法能有效地计算轴系的支承动刚度和壳体的局部应力。      

计及复合材料受剪板后屈曲的薄壁结构分析

 本文提出了一种具有后屈曲复合材料受剪板的薄壁结构分析方法。假定后屈曲受剪板处于半张力场应力状态。以等效受剪板代替上述的后屈曲板,则可利用常规有限元法进行该结构分析。等效受剪板的刚度等于后屈曲复合材料受剪板的增量刚度,而后者系由余虚功原理与最小余能原理决定的。利用常规有限元法确定增量位侈,然后再根据余虚功原理求得后屈曲复合材料受剪板的应力增量和应变增量。     

层合双曲率厚壳的状态方程及其半解析法

采用正交曲线坐标导出了角铺设层合双曲率厚壳的状态方程及其半解析法。该方法在α－β曲面内采用通常的有限元离散,而沿壳厚（ｒ）方向采用状态空间法给出解析解,从而计入了剪切效应的影响,且通过状态转移矩阵的建立,保证了层界面之间层间位移和应力的连续,减少了计算中未知量数目。     

若干周期性复合材料结构数学均匀化方法的计算精度

数学均匀化方法(MHM)一般需要通过有限元方法(FEM)来实现,摄动阶次和单元阶次直接影响计算结果。在解耦格式中,各阶摄动位移是相应阶次的影响函数和均匀化位移导数的乘积。单元阶次的选取取决于影响函数和均匀化位移的精度要求,而摄动阶次的选取则主要依赖于虚拟载荷的性质和均匀化位移各阶导数的计算精度;针对周期性复合材料杆的静力学问题,在施加不同阶次的载荷时,通过选择合适阶次的单元和摄动阶次得到了精确解。使用类似的方法研究了2D周期性复合材料静力学问题,指出了四边固支作为周期性单胞边界条件以及宏观位移求导精度对计算结果将有很大的影响。强调了二阶摄动对数学均匀化方法计算精度的作用;在数值结果中,应用最小势能原理评估了各阶摄动数学均匀化方法的计算精度,数值比较结果验证了结论的正确性。     

复合材料层合回转壳瞬态温度场和热应力场分析

 本文用有限元法研究了复合材料层合回转壳瞬态温度场和热应力场。考虑了各种温度边界条件。假定各铺层是横观各向同性的,但其铺设方向可以是任意的。对8节点等参元,提出了一种新的集中热容阵,有效地提高了瞬态温度场计算精度。根据本文提供的数值结果,讨论了层合壳的热传导规律,并通过比较瞬态热应力与稳态热应力的分布和大小,阐述了瞬态效应。     

盘─鼓结构体─壳过渡元的“虚假应力”现象及改进方法

分析了体—壳过渡元中产生“虚假应力”现象的根本原因，给出了两种改进方法。方案一是在采用体元应力应变模型的基础上提出了一种单元内位移、应变及应力的直接修改方法；方案二是将采用壳体应变应力状态的三维体—壳过渡元推广到轴对称，给出了具体公式。通过几个算例将上述两种方法与改进前方法进行了比较，结果表明本文提出的两种方案均大大改善了轴对称问题体壳过渡元的“虚假应力”现象，相比之下，前者公式简单，更易于实现。     

表面裂纹的分区混合元分析

 本文对三维体表面裂纹问题进行分析,应用应力和位移的渐近解在表面裂纹区域构造一个奇异应力单元,采用分区混合有限元法计算裂纹顶端各个位置的应力强度因子。     

Analysis of geometrically nonlinear shells of revolution based on the finite element method with the vector interpolation of desired quantities

In this paper, we present an algorithm for geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of the shells of revolution. Use is made of the most proper algorithms for vector interpolation of displacements through the nodal unknowns and an efficient algorithm for obtaining the stress-strain increment relation at a step of loading. By comparing the results of analyzing a geometrically nonlinear shell of revolution obtained on the basis of the ANSYS software with the scalar interpolation of displacements with those obtained on the basis of an author-developed finite element, it has been shown that application of the FEM vector displacement interpolation leads to increasing the accuracy of the finite element solutions in analyzing the stress-strain state of the geometrically nonlinear shells.     

Residual stress determination in friction stir butt welded joints using a digital image correlation-aided slitting technique

This paper presents an incremental cutting method for evaluating the longitudinal residual stresses in a butt welded thin plate via combining the traditional residual stress measurement methods and the advanced optical technique.The proposed approach,which can be called digital image correlation (DIC)-aided slitting technique,introduces a successive extension slot to a speci men and employs the DIC technique to measure the released displacement profiles of the cutting sections after each cutting increment.Then the displacement profiles are used to directly calculate the residual stress distributions up to the slot tip and hence,a stress distribution can be obtained after a cutting increment.Finally,all of the stress distributions are averaged to ultimately determine the original residual stress field.This method does not include any complex experimental operations or tedious derivation,and the resolution of stress variation is greatly improved by the continuous measurement of the released displacements.The presented method has been preliminarily verified by a specimen with residual stress introduced by a four-point bending test.The results show that residual stresses determined by the DIC-aided slitting technique agree well with those from finite element (FE) prediction.The residual stress in a friction stir welded aluminum specimen obtained by the presented technique is also consistent with the evaluations given by X-ray diffraction.Fur thermore,the residual stresses obtained by the DIC-aided slitting technique demonstrate higher accuracy and stability than the evaluations derived by the DIC-aided contour method.     

复合材料层合/夹层板分析方法

分别用ANSYS软件的实体单元solid-46.基于一阶理论的壳单元shell-99和基于整体-局部高阶理论有限元计算了复合材料层合/夹层板结构,包括层合板孔边应力集中和层合板热响应的算例,比较了各算法的精度.计算结果表明:ANSYS软件不能准确计算层合板/夹层板的层间应力,对孔边应力和热响应问题精度较低,整体-局部高阶理论有限元对于上述问题的计算具有较高精度.     

Influence of residual stresses on failure pressure of cylindrical pressure vessels

The utilization of pressure vessels in aerospace applications is manifold.In this work,fnite element analysis（FEA）has been carried out using ANSYS software package with 2D axisymmetric model to access the failure pressure of cylindrical pressure vessel made of ASTM A36 carbon steel having weld-induced residual stresses.To fnd out the effect of residual stresses on failure pressure,frst an elasto-plastic analysis is performed to fnd out the failure pressure of pressure vessel not having residual stresses.Then a thermo-mechanical fnite element analysis is performed to assess the residual stresses developed in the pressure vessel during welding.Finally one more elasto-plastic analysis is performed to assess the effect of residual stresses on failure pressure of the pressure vessel having residual stresses.This analysis indicates reduction in the failure pressure due to unfavorable residual stresses.     

轴对称杂交应力元的优化列式

文章把杂交元的单元优化设计原理应用于轴对称问题,从优化条件的轴对称形式出发,导出了这类杂交应力元的优化列式。其优化性能突出表现在离散模型对于计算背景（如网格的形式、单元的畸变和材料的不可压缩性等）的广泛适应性。文章还对优化杂交元的收敛、以及伪剪应力等问题开展了讨论,并与轴对称问题的其它有限元方法进行了计算比较。     

考虑预应力和液体影响的圆柱壳颤振分析

 为了研究预应力和液体对圆柱壳颤振的影响,采用杂交元方法,建立了圆柱壳的气动弹性方程。由Sanders薄壳理论和经典有限元理论,从壳的精确解推导节点位移函数入手,并由一阶活塞理论得到结构的气动阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵,最终推导出考虑预应力和内部液体影响的圆柱壳的混合有限元公式和气动弹性方程。通过特征值法验证了此种有限元方法的正确性,并重点研究了预应力和内部注有液体对圆柱壳稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:预应力和液体对圆柱壳的颤振特性有显著的影响。     

柔性接头结构应力经验公式适用性

设计了接头球半径为8cm的柔性接头及其增强件环向应力电测系统,测试了不同燃烧室压强和摆角条件下增强件的环向应力,并与现有经验公式、有限元分析结果进行了对比,基于有限元分析研究了接头球半径变化对增强件环向压缩应力的影响,提出了新的接头球半径在6~10cm范围内增强件环向压缩应力估算公式,另外研究了喷管喉径对柔性接头结构应力的影响,讨论了冷试容器压强和热试车发动机燃烧室压强换算公式的适用性。结果表明:增强件环向压缩应力试验测试结果和有限元计算结果吻合较好,现有增强件环向压缩应力经验公式估算结果值得商榷,柔性接头冷试结构应力与热试结构应力是不同的,冷试容器压强和热试车发动机燃烧室压强换算公式对于增强件环向压缩应力是适用的,但是对弹性件切应力不适用。      

复合材料叠层结构边缘应力分析的翘曲修正模型

研究复合材料叠层结构在单轴拉伸状态下的边缘应力问题。在厚度方向 ,利用翘曲修正理论 ,推导出了叠层板三个方向的位移分布规律 ;在宽度方向 ,采用升阶谱位移模式 ;应用虚功原理 ,给出了叠层板边缘应力分析的特殊有限元模型。通过典型例题的计算表明 :边缘应力计算结果与精确弹性解符合很好 ,还进行了收敛性的研究。本文方法的自由度度少 ,方法简单 ,优于差分法、常规有限元法 ,适用于解决边缘效应问题     

一种简便的隔热涂层残余应力分析方法及结果讨论

从涡轮叶片隔热涂层等离子喷涂的工艺过程中残余应力形成机理为出发点,通过对喷涂过程进行合理的分析和简化,并结合有限元方法,给出了一个可行的隔热涂层残余应力分析简便方法。最后通过算例,进行了分析讨论。      

具有元外节点的相容元素

使用有限元素法做应力分析时,经常需要在不同的部位采用疏密程度不同的网格。在应用所谓“选择加密网格”进行最佳网格分析时尤其如此。这时,在粗细网格区域的分界处出现了位移不协调。本文建议一种利用元外节点的内插方案,从而得到完全相容的元素。文中叙述了这类元素形状函数的构造方法,适用性和优缺点。     

环形过渡元素及其在轮盘振动分析中的应用

 本文发展了联结环形等参数元素和环形厚板元素的一类环形过渡元素,它对于轴对称体的结构动力分析具有重要意义。环形元素采用了半解析的方法,把三维问题降为二维问题来处理,大大节省了计算机存贮量及计算时间。文中对某实际涡轮盘的振动特性进行了计算,其结果是令人满意的。     

Analysis of nonlinear deformation and stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells under bending with internal pressure

A finite element statement of solving problems on stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells taking into account momentness and nonlinearity of their subcritical stress strain state is presented. The explicit expressions for displacements of noncircular cylindrical shell elements as rigid bodies are determined by integrating the equations obtained by equating the components of linear strains to zero. These expressions were used to construct the form functions for an efficient quadrilateral finite element of natural curvature. An efficient numerical algorithm of nonlinear deformation and stability of shells was developed. The stability of reinforced elliptic cylindrical shells under combined loading by bending moment, transverse boundary force and internal pressure is analyzed. We also examine how the critical loads are affected by the strain nonlinearity and ellipticity of shell deformation at the subcritical stage.