基于EMA的飞机全电刹车系统研究

介绍了飞机刹车系统的发展概况,针对目前传统液压刹车系统存在的不足,设计了一种适合飞机的全电刹车系统,采用机电作动器(EMA)取代传统的液压作动机构,减轻了系统重量,在系统性能、安全性、测试性及维护性等方面较现有刹车系统有了长足的进步.     

飞机全电刹车系统机电作动器的研究与设计

针对未来多电飞机发展的关键技术全电刹车系统机电作动器进行了深入的研究和分析。介绍了全电刹车系统的组成结构,建立了全电刹车系统机电作动器、无刷直流电机及全电刹车系统的数学模型。     

飞机全电刹车系统研究

以飞机全电刹车系统的设计为出发点 ,分析了全电刹车系统的具体结构和特点 ,特别针对电刹车系统特有的电作动器和力矩反馈进行了详细的分析 ,并给出了具体的设计方法。     

飞机数字化全电刹车系统的设计

设计的飞机全电刹车系统,以四无刷直流电机驱动四滚珠丝杠布局的机电作动机架,取代了原来液压刹车的活塞阀门作动机架,电机通过传动装置驱动滚珠丝杠松刹刹车盘实现飞机的刹车。在硬件设计上,刹车控制器的CPU采用TI公司的电机及运动控制专用DSP2407,以满足对控制系统的性能要求;4台无刷直流电机的换相信号由可编程逻辑器件完成;对电机的驱动采用了MOSFET与栅极驱动芯片IR2130组成的功率驱动电路,实现了无刷直流电机的高效驱动。     

飞机全电刹车系统的发展与关键技术研究

刹车系统是影响飞机起降安全的关键功能子系统之一，全电刹车是刹车系统的发展方向，是多电飞机重要的组成部分；与传统的液压刹车系统相比，全电刹车系统具有架构简单、可靠性高、经济性好等明显优势；本文首先对国内外全电刹车发展现状进行收集和整理，通过对比分析，找到国内外全电刹车技术上的差距；然后，根据样件试验情况，从自身角度出发，对全电刹车系统的关键技术进行梳理和分析，为国内全电刹车的研究和发展提供参考；最后，对国内全电刹车的发展现状进行思考。     

模糊PID在飞机全电刹车系统中的应用

文章介绍了飞机全电刹车系统的电作动机构,分析了刹车过程中的滑移率控制原理,针对滑移率变化的非线性提出了模糊PID控制方案。在滑移率偏差较大时,使用模糊控制提高系统的响应速度,在小偏差下切换入PI控制消除静差和极限环。使用模糊PID控制器,对某型飞机刹车过程的仿真表明,系统取得了很好的刹车性能。     

基于EHA的多轮系飞机刹车系统的建模与仿真

介绍了一种采用电动静液作动器(EHA)代替原有液压作动机构的飞机多轮系防滑刹车系统,在重点分析EHA的系统组成原理和工作特性的基础上.建立了EHA及多轮系飞机刹车系统的数学模型,采用Matlab/simulink对其进行仿真.仿真结果表明:所建立的模型基本正确,结果与真实刹车基本吻合;采用EHA代替液压系统能极大改善飞机刹车性能.     

飞机新原理电液自馈能刹车系统设计与优化

当前,传统飞机液压刹车系统普遍采用集中式的机载液压源作为动力,液压能通过能源管路传输到刹车作动器,整个系统零部件数目众多,管路布局复杂,由此带来的管路振动、液压油泄漏等问题突出,限制了飞机刹车系统可靠性和可维护性的提升。近年来,一种飞机新原理电液自馈能刹车系统被提出,将模块化的"自馈能装置"安装在机轮附近,回收机轮着陆时的旋转动能,并将其转换成液压能,用于刹车作动。提出了一种利用波浪曲面进行取能的专用取能机构,设计了自馈能系统紧凑型专用取能机构,研制了高可靠、低能耗、高抗污染的自馈能刹车系统原理样机,完全实现了自馈能,即使飞机失去全部动力也能正常完成刹车功能,使抗污染等级从NAS6级提升到NAS10级,可靠性和可维护性优于传统液压刹车。     

小型机电驱动系统

<正> 液压系统的力矩重量比大、动态响应快、多年来使用是有效的;但有传输、泄漏、易燃、幸存性差、维护成本高的缺点。小型机电驱动系统有可能全部替代复杂的液压系统,构成一种动力电传操纵系统(Power—by—Wire),这样为70年代中期出现的全电飞机概念准备了实现的条件;反过来,全电飞机的设计也刺激了机电驱动系统的研究。     

DIMA架构下飞机全电刹车系统故障传播行为分析与评估

在DIMA平台开放性体系架构的背景下,飞机航电与机电等系统功能逐渐渗透融合,面向DIMA架构的全电刹车系统是未来飞机刹车系统的主流设计趋势,但目前尚未形成针对DIMA架构下全电刹车系统的故障传播行为分析与评估方法。针对上述问题,首先结合DIMA架构特征和全电刹车相关标准,分析面向DIMA架构下的全电刹车系统分层架构,在此基础上构建全电刹车系统任务-功能-资源层次模型。其次,考虑到DIMA平台资源共享的特点,结合系统层次模型开展系统耦合关联分析,引入Floyd算法计算间接耦合矩阵以及路由矩阵,通过构造失效严重程度矩阵量化系统关联耦合度,建立系统故障传播结构模型,综合考虑故障路径传播概率和系统边缘介数,构建DIMA架构下全电刹车系统故障传播强度模型,以识别系统故障传播关键路径,完成故障传播行为分析与评估。最后通过实例分析,以验证所提方法的正确性与合理性。     

A novel integrated self-powered brake system for more electric aircraft

Traditional hydraulic brake systems require a complex system of pipelines between an aircraft engine driven pump (EDP) and brake actuators, which increases the weight of the aircraft and may even cause serious vibration and leakage problems. In order to improve the reliability and safety of more electric aircraft (MEA), this paper proposes a new integrated self-powered brake system (ISBS) for MEA. It uses a hydraulic pump geared to the main wheel to recover a small part of the kinetic energy of a landing aircraft. The recovered energy then serves as the hydraulic power supply for brake actuators. It does not require additional hydraulic source, thus removing the pipelines between an EDP and brake actuators. In addition, its self-powered characteristic makes it possible to brake as usual even in an emergency situation when the airborne power is lost. This paper introduces the working principle of the ISBS and presents a prototype. The mathematical models of a taxiing aircraft and the ISBS are established. A feedback linearization control algorithm is designed to fulfill the anti-skid control. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the ISBS, and experiments are conducted on a ground inertia brake test bench. The ISBS presents a good performance and provides a new potential solution in the field of brake systems for MEA.     

High-efficiency aircraft antiskid brake control algorithm via runway condition identification based on an on-off valve array

The aircraft antiskid braking system is an important hydraulic system for preventing tire bursts and ensuring safe take-off and landing. The brake system adjusts the force applied on the brake discs by controlling the brake pressure. Traditional aircraft antiskid braking systems achieve antiskid performance by controlling the braking pressure with an electrohydraulic servo valve. Because the pilot stage of an electrohydraulic servo valve is easily blocked by carbonized hydraulic oil, the servo valve would become a dangerous weak point for aircraft safety. This paper proposes a new approach that uses an on-off valve array to replace the servo valve for pressure control. Based on this new pressure control component, an efficient antiskid control algorithm that can utilize this discontinuous feature is proposed. Furthermore, the algorithm has the ability to identify the runway circumstances. To overcome the discontinuity in the process of using an on-off valve array, the Filippov framework is introduced. The conditions of convergence of the system are also discussed. The results of the digital simulations and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) braking experiments are used to verify the efficiency and stability of the proposed control algorithm. The method also proves that the on-off valve array can replace the servo valve perfectly as a new type of antiskid braking pressure control component.     

刹车阀综合试验台系统方案设计

介绍了刹车阀综合试验台的实现机理及采用方案。     

国外飞机机轮刹车系统的发展

阐述了航空机轮刹车系统最新的研究方向包括吸收能量更多并且更耐磨损的高密度碳材料,寻求更轻更强的结构部件材料,提升设计方法以优化刹车性能,机轮刹车系统的结构动力学研究,更大范围的电刹车装置和电刹车控制系统研究等。     

Design and experimental characterization of modern helicopters rotor brakes

The demands on helicopter rotor brakes are given by laws and airworthiness regulations. The systems are designed and certified according to airworthiness demands such as JAR 27/29 and FAR 27/29. The present paper presents the rotor brake systems of commercial and military helicopters. The rotor brake systems include brake discs made out of steel and brake callipers with two-side-activating pistons. The actuation is performed by independent hydraulic systems. Together with the development of the different helicopter types an evolution of the brake systems took place. An example for this evolution is the indication of the brake control system on a state-of-the art commercial helicopter. Every occurring brake effort between brake disc and brake pads is indicated by the motion of the brake calliper against a micro switch. An example of a brake system which includes a brake disc made out of carbon fiber reinforced carbon material is presented. The disc is mounted with the possibility of sliding in axial direction. The hydraulic actuation is included in the main pressure supply system of the helicopter. Difficulties may occur by inhomogeneous heating of the brake discs. The analysis of the short and long duration tests on test benches and by helicopter flight tests revealed the detailed behavior especially of the thermal spots. The non-uniform heat dissipation caused hot spots and in some cases cracks. With the gained knowledge of the physical behavior, the brake disc was redesigned with success.The goal of the paper is to show the specific demands of helicopter rotor brakes, the designs for different helicopter types as well as the realization of the solutions and system tests.     

基于单神经元自适应PID的摩擦试验机电惯量系统的研究

为了保障飞机刹车性能,对于飞机刹车材料摩擦性能的测试准确度要求很高.因此,需要设计出一个良好摩擦试验机系统.本文将神经网络与常规PID调节器控制相结合,产生一种单神经元自适应PID控制器,并应用于摩擦试验机电惯量系统.根据电惯量系统建立仿真模型,验证改变转矩电流分量的电流环给定电压来实现电惯量的可行性,通过突加负载和改变转速给定来研究加入单神经元自适应控制器后系统的控制效果.     

面向系统集成的起落架地面运动特性建模方法

大型飞机地面运动特性是飞机性能的重要组成部分,主要涉及到飞机的地面滑跑、转弯以及刹车等过程。地面运动特性的分析涉及到动力学、液压、控制等多领域,是典型的多学科耦合的复杂问题。以某大型民用飞机为研究对象,从主制造商的系统集成性能分析需求出发,通过多学科解耦和模型物理度划分两个角度进行地面特性模型架构的分解与定义,并以飞机刹车系统性能分析为例,验证了本架构的有效性。本文提出的模型架构灵活,既适用于飞机集成商的飞机级性能分析,又适用于特定系统级的性能分析。     

Moving towards a more electric aircraft

The latest advances in electric and electronic aircraft technologies from the point of view of an "all-electric" aircraft are presented herein. Specifically, we describe the concept of a "more electric aircraft" (MEA), which involves removing the need for on-engine hydraulic power generation and bleed air off-takes, and the increasing use of power electronics in the starter/generation system of the main engine. Removal of the engine hydraulic pumps requires fully-operative electrical power actuators and mastery of the flight control architecture. The paper presents a general overview of the electrical power generation system and electric drives for the MEA, with special regard to the flight controls. Some discussion regarding the interconnection of nodes and safety of buses and protocols in distributed systems is also presented