非正侧面机载相控阵雷达自适应杂波抑制

研究了基于非正侧面机载相控阵雷达时空二维自适应杂波抑制方法.通过对时空杂波分布特性的分析,提出采用混迭式结构进行时空二维降维自适应杂波抑制的3种实现结构,其中,空域阵元混迭级联时域脉冲混迭进行自适应处理的实现结构是一种实用的时空二维降维自适应处理方法,该方法充分利用了各阵元信号和脉冲信号的信息,从而达到了较为理想的杂波抑制性能.     

利用一次雷达实现低空空域的安全监视

介绍了一种低成本的低空空域雷达监视实验系统,并提出了一种基于雷达平面位置指示(PPI,Plane Position Indicator)图像的目标检测与跟踪算法,其中杂波抑制和目标状态估计是两项关键技术.经过背景差分的雷达PPI图像,仍然含有大量的背景边缘杂波,该算法利用其空域特性进行杂波抑制,并采用交互式多模型(IMM,Interactive Multiple Models)方法对目标的匀速、加速、减速、转弯等机动运动进行跟踪.详细分析了仿真数据的跟踪效果,并将整套算法应用于两组实测PPI图像,实验结果说明其有效性.     

距离门信号级的机载双基雷达地杂波模拟方法

由于几何配置的多样性,双基雷达地杂波模拟比较复杂.虽然单基雷达杂波散射元划分的方法可用于双基地杂波仿真,但不利于特定距离门信号的分析.在比较了单双基地雷达地面散射元等距线的基础上,提出一种距离门信号级的机载双基雷达地杂波模拟方法,距离向以双程斜距分辨率划分椭圆环,推导出地面椭圆表达式和散射元坐标解析解,方位向引入椭圆中间参量,在保证多普勒分辨率基础上划分杂波元网格,给出杂波模拟中未知参量的计算.该方法不仅能进行所有观测区域杂波功率谱的仿真,且可完成某些或某个距离门杂波回波信号的计算分析,实现距离门信号级杂波的模拟.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.      

Non-Gaussian clutter characterization applied to OTHR using a mixture of two Rayleigh probability density functions

A practical technique for characterizing non-Gaussian radar clutter is specified and demonstrated using Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) data, as an example. The technique employs maximum likelihood to fit the probability density of the clutter amplitude returns to a mixture of two Rayleigh probability densities instead of the single Rayleigh density typically used for Gaussian clutter. This model for non-Gaussian clutter is fully specified for any set of clutter amplitudes by a log likelihood, two Rayleigh parameters, and a mixing coefficient. A 3D plot of these values yields an easily-visualized clutter characterization, as is illustrated using OTHR data. This technique is a demonstration of clutter characterization using OTHR data, but the method can be applied to characterize other types of clutter data.     

基于积谱的雷达目标高分辨率距离像识别

针对飞机目标的识别问题,将一种用于语音识别中的积谱特征引入雷达目标一维距离像识别领域.积谱定义为功率谱与群延迟的乘积,该特征能够充分利用目标一维距离像的幅度谱与相位谱信息.在目标分类阶段,选择基于弹性传播(RPROP)算法的多层前馈神经网络作为分类器.利用4种飞机模型的重点散射源二维分布测试数据和频率步进法得到目标的一维纵向距离像,对距离像积谱的分类性能进行了测试,结果表明基于积谱的特征对于一维距离像具有较高的识别率,并具有较好的抗噪性能.      

基于运动模型的低空非合作无人机目标识别

为保障低空安全,在利用雷达数据探测无人机目标的同时剔除飞鸟等虚警信息,提出了一种基于运动模型的低空非合作无人机目标识别方法,作为已有目标跟踪方法应用的拓展。首先,建立多种运动模型模拟无人机和飞鸟目标运动;然后,基于多种运动模型进行目标跟踪,并估计各种运动模型的出现概率;最后,以各种运动模型在连续时间内出现概率的方差均值来度量目标运动模型的转换频率。通过对仿真数据和机场低空监视雷达实测数据的处理,所提方法能够在杂波环境中跟踪无人机目标并剔除飞鸟目标,进一步验证了其有效性和实用性。      

Effects of a “day-time” substorm on the ionosphere and radio propagation

Propagation mechanisms of lateral (non-great-circle) signals on a high-latitude HF radio path during magnetospheric substorms that occurred in the day-time have been considered. The path is equipped with oblique ionospheric sounding (OIS) from Murmansk to St. Petersburg. The OIS method gives the possibility to determine propagation modes, MOF (maximum observed frequency) values, signal delays, etc. Data of the CUTLASS radar, the IMAGE magnetometer system, the Finnish riometer chain, and the Tromso ionosonde were also used for the analysis. The main results are the following: (1) the lateral signal propagation takes place, as a rule, if the path midpoint is located near the irregularity region that moves sharply from high to low latitudes. The lateral signal propagation appearing during day-time is a new effect. (2) Formation of dense field-aligned irregularities during a substorm leads to decreasing F2MOF values on radio paths. These results can be useful for problems of radiolocation, HF communications and navigation.     

Gravity wave propagation studies using the Indian MST radar observations

The Indian MST radar facility at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) has been utilised to study the propagation of gravity waves from the troposphere/lower stratosphere to the mesosphere and their interaction with the radar backscattered signal variations. The main objective is to correlate vertically propagating gravity waves derived from the tropospheric velocity fields with the dynamics of mesospheric scattering centres. The tropospheric wind velocities and signal strengths over the entire height range have been subjected to power spectral and wavelet analysis to determine the predominant wave periods/amplitudes and the coupling between the lower atmosphere and mesosphere. Results show that (a) the gravity waves are clearly detectable near tropopause heights, (b) while relatively higher period gravity waves (20–50 min) interact with mesospheric scattering centres, the lower period waves (<20 min) are absorbed in the troposphere itself, (c) the mesospheric scattering layers are affected by gravity waves of complementary periods.     

平飞模式机载双基地SAR动目标检测方法

提出了一种平飞模式机载双基地SAR地面慢速运动目标检测和参数估计方法.考虑到双基地SAR系统的特点,采用分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT,Fractional Fourier Transform)技术对动目标进行聚焦,以提高动目标的信杂比.同时结合多通道杂波抑制干涉技术,进一步抑制地杂波并实现动目标参数的精确估计.从双基地SAR的空间几何模型和回波信号入手,推导了杂波对消时收发雷达载机所需满足的飞行条件和慢动目标参数估计的方法.最后通过计算机仿真,验证了该算法的有效性.     

Impact of heliogeophysical disturbances on ionospheric HF channels

The article presents the results of the observation of a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares during the summer solstice in 2015, and their impact on the HF signals characteristics in ionospheric oblique sounding. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, ultimately causing a long blackout on paths adjacent to subauroral latitudes. On mid-latitude paths, the decrease in 1FMOF reached ～50% relative to the average values for the quiet ionosphere. It is shown that the propagation conditions via the sporadic Es layer during the magnetic storm on a subauroral path are substantially better than those for F-mode propagation via the upper ionosphere. The delay of the sharp decrease in 1FMOF during the main phase of the magnetic storm allowed us to determine the propagation velocity of the negative phase disturbances (～100 m/s) from subauroral to mid-latitude ionosphere along two paths: Lovozero – Yoshkar-Ola and Cyprus – Nizhny Novgorod. It is shown that both the LOF and the signal/noise ratio averaged over the frequency band corresponding to the propagation mode via the sporadic Es layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Using an over-the-horizon chirp radar with a bistatic configuration on the Cyprus – Rostov-on-Don path, we located small-scale scattering irregularities responsible for abnormal signals in the region of the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval.