反射面天线机电耦合分析及实验验证

针对反射面天线分析设计中存在的机电分离问题,使用结构分析软件得到天线面板的 结构变形,将变形转化为相位差引入天线远区电场公式中。通过推导的网格转换矩阵,在结 构网格的基础上完成天线远区电场的计算。同时根据半功率波瓣宽度预估方向图的离散精度 。利用某3.7米卡氏通信天线进行了验证实验,试验结果表明本文方法是正确有效的。与软 件集成的分析方法相比,该方法不但电磁分析精度较高,而且分析时间更短。
     

A self-deploying and self-stabilizing helical antenna for small satellites

Space antennas with a helical geometry are an advantageous choice for many applications, for instance if the transmission of electromagnetic waves with a circular polarization is intended, or if signals from terrestrial objects shall be received with a high angular resolution. In all these cases the desired electromagnetic properties of a helical geometry can be combined with the mechanical advantage that the antenna acts as a compression spring, provided that its core structure has the necessary high spring stiffness but can nevertheless easily be compressed. Such an antenna has been developed by DLR Institutes in Bremen and Braunschweig together with some industrial partners for a small satellite named AISat, which shall be able to pursue the position of individual ships in critical sea areas in order to improve the security of seafare trade. The development was very challenging since the antenna must expand from a stowed stack length of only 10 cm to a total length of 4 m. Only a special carbonfiber core under the conductive coating and a system of stabilizing cords led to a satisfying solution. Both the self-deployment and the self-stabilization function of this innovative antenna concept have been successfully tested and verified under zero-g-conditions in the course of a parabolic flight campaign. It could be convincingly demonstrated that the helical antenna can really achieve its desired contour in weightlessness within some seconds and maintain the required stability. Beyond the current application for the AISat satellite it is therefore quite a promising concept for future satellites.     

The Fine Structure of the AKR Electromagnetic Field as Measured by the Interball-2 Satellite

The fine structure of the Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is studied using multicomponent measurements of the electric component of the electromagnetic field in the frequency band 4 kHz–1 MHz (the POLRAD experiment onboard the INTERBALL-2 satellite). Special attention is paid to the measurements near the source of the AKR: under conditions when the lower boundary of the emission range descended sufficiently low, down to the local gyrofrequency of electrons. From the analysis of the electric field structure the conclusion is drawn that the bulk of the AKR power is carried by the signal component fast variable in time and frequency (flickering component). The power of a constant component (continuum) is lower by at least an order of magnitude. During strong bursts of the AKR, the relative contribution of the flickering component increases. The spatial structure of the zone of generation has at least three characteristic scales along and across the magnetic field.     

面向大型反射面天线结构的机电综合设计与分析系统

针对天线机电分离设计的现状,研究了天线机电综合集成技术和天线组合结构理论, 并采用精确PO法分析天线远区辐射电场,建立了面天线参数化设计的层次结构,解决了由背 架、反射面和中心体等组成的组合结构网格自动划分难题,研制了天线结构分析与电磁计算 综合集成系统。实现了天线虚拟样机的参数化设计、机电性能分析与判断,可获得天线位移 云图、应力云图与电场方向图等准确的重要指标信息。该系统可用来指导天线结构设计人员 的工作,改进天线设计手段和方法,提升设计分析质量,达到缩短设计周期、降低设计成本 的目的。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

任意极化波导缝隙天线

设计一种可以辐射任意线极化波的波导缝隙天线单元。在脊波导的基础上进行设计。结构紧凑、馈电方便。多个同种极化状态的缝隙单元组成线阵之后,如果将拥有一种任意线极化状态(如+45°线极化)的线阵和拥有另一种任意线极化状态(如-45°线极化)的线阵交错排列组成二维阵列,再借助适当的馈电网络,就可以实现任意极化,且两个任意线极化信号的频率可以相同也可以不同。     

C波段高增益平板微带天线的设计

文章以微带天线的基本电磁场理论为依据,对微带天线的结构进行了深入的研究。通过建模仿真,设计频带为4.5GHz～5.0GHz的天线,要求在该频段天线的驻波比VSWR〈1.6,平均增益为28～29.5dB。在设计中采用微带U_Slot矩形贴片作为单元,引入π结构,采用近邻耦合方式进行馈电,组成天线阵列来实现。设计结果通过实验室提供的天线测量设备进行测试,软件仿真结果与实际测量结果有较好的一致性。     

适用于通信信号盲源分离的 分离条件数学建模方法研究

针对使用盲源分离技术分离卫星通信信号的数学假设工程实施问题,重点对分离条件中的数学假设混合矩阵列满秩展开研究。根据最优化理论,提出了一种适用于通信信号盲源分离的分离条件数学建模方法。首先,介绍了盲源分离的分离模型与基本假设;其次,选择矩阵条件数来衡量混合矩阵的正定性,并结合阵列天线接收模型,以矩阵条件数为目标函数,建立最优化模型,寻找最优天线间距;最后,以两个信号源、两个接收天线为例进行仿真。仿真结果表明：所建立的优化模型可以有效找到最优天线间距,通过设计合适的天线间距可以有效满足混合矩阵列满秩条件。最优天线间距与载波频率成反比。该建模方法有效将抽象的数学假设转化为具体的天线间距设计,加强了盲源分离技术的可实施性,为大规模的盲源分离天线阵列设计提供技术支撑。     

基于径向对称二元阵的非同向阵列测向方法

非同向阵列是指阵元指向互不相同的阵列,其在辐射源测向方面具有独特的优势,已广泛应用于电子侦察。由于多径传输、电离层折射等传播因素的影响,电子侦察面临着更多的（椭）圆极化信号,现有的非同向阵列测向方法对（椭）圆极化信号存在固有的测向偏差。研究了电磁波及天线极化对非同向阵列测向的影响机理,提出了一种基于径向对称二元阵的非同向阵列测向方法,能够测量任意极化信号的到达方向,对于非同向阵列技术的发展具有重要的意义。仿真结果对文中所提出的算法进行了验证。     

面向卫星通信系统的低成本超表面相控阵技术

低轨通信卫星系统因其传输延迟小、通信容量大、发射运营成本低等优势,受到了国内外的广泛关注。然而,低轨通信卫星技术的发展对星载天线系统提出了挑战。为提高卫星星座的通信容量以及实现对用户的跟踪覆盖,波束扫描、波束可重构及多波束覆盖不可或缺。在低成本建设运营的背景下,迫切地需要一种低成本的天线系统方案。作为一种低成本新型相控阵技术,综述了超表面相控阵天线技术及其在波束调控中的应用。首先对超表面天线波束形成的方法进行了简单的研究,之后介绍了超表面电磁调控的机理以及实现可重构的手段,最后介绍了超表面相控阵天线在波束形成、波束扫描、多波束产生中的应用。该技术相较于传统相控阵技术,大幅降低了成本,且在电磁波极化、频率调控中展现出巨大的灵活性。通过对该技术的综述,展望了超表面相控阵在低轨通信卫星中的应用。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

天线口面电磁干扰环境表征参数的计算方法

电磁干扰环境的量化表征是武器装备电磁干扰环境适应性试验与评估的基础。针对电磁干扰环境量化表征参数如何计算的问题,归纳并补充了武器装备天线口面感受到的电磁干扰环境的量化表征指标体系,在“时域、频域、空域、能域、极化域、调制域”六个域上梳理了常见有源干扰样式的描述参数,通过推导计算建立起干扰样式描述参数和量化表征参数之间的映射关系,明确了天线口面电磁干扰环境表征参数的计算方法,可为武器装备电磁干扰环境适应性试验与评估提供输入条件。     

双极化天线阵列抗干扰性能研究

现代战场的电磁环境十分复杂,这使得卫星对导航抗干扰接收机的鲁棒性需求变得更为迫切。极化敏感阵列是一种利用极化信息增加信号处理维度的技术,应用在导航领域可以改善接收机抗干扰性能。本文研究了双极化阵列在复杂电磁环境下的抗干扰效果,理论分析了信号模型与双极化阵列原理,通过HFSS对阵列天线进行有限元仿真获取各阵元的幅度相位信息,利用幅相信息合成导向矢量,在MATLAB中对普通阵列和双极化阵列抗干扰能力进行仿真。为验证理论仿真的可行性,研制了双极化阵列原理样机,在暗室环境采集数据并分析信号与干扰的输出功率。在外场进行的收星定位测试中比较了普通阵列与双极化阵列的定位结果。仿真和实测的结果表明,双极化阵列能抑制超自由度干扰,且对低仰角干扰有较好的鲁棒性。值得注意的是,双极化天线在保持接收机小型化的同时表现出较好的鲁棒性,为接收机小型化提供了可行的解决方案。     

移动卫星通信捷联式天线稳定系统

介绍了一种应用激光陀螺惯性导航系统组成的移动卫星通信的捷联式天线稳定系统 ,给出了天线稳定和跟踪的控制方法和最优值搜索法。采用该系统可测量载体的姿态角和经度纬度 ,借助于惯性系统的输出信号控制天线轴使天线跟踪指定的卫星 ,卫星天线接收的信号可检测出跟踪误差 ,通过伺服系统控制天线转动 ,以使通讯信号为最强。采用了 GPS修正惯性系统的误差 ,成为 GPS/ INS的组合系统。在山区道路上跑车试验结果表明 ,当车的横滚角和俯仰角达到 6°,频率为 1Hz,方位角变化 180°时 ,在此动态条件下根据测量的卫星信号场强可知 ,跟踪误差小于 0 .2°。接收到的电视信号稳定清晰 ,图像和电话信号都是满意的。跑车试验表明 ,天线跟踪卫星的静态和动态精度完全满足了移动卫星通信的技术要求     

失效卫星电磁消旋涉及的地磁扰动计算及磁场源优化设计方法

以失效卫星为代表的空间碎片受各种扰动因素影响,其旋转速度可达几到几十(°)/s。这种旋转运动给碎片清除带来困难,因此对旋转空间碎片进行消旋势在必行。电磁消旋因其非接触、无碰撞特性得到广泛关注,但在实际应用中须首先判别地磁场与磁场源相互作用产生的扰动力和力矩。文章在简要介绍基于旋转磁场的电磁消旋方法的基础上,建立电磁消旋过程中的电磁扰动力和力矩的分析模型,仿真分析计算地磁扰动力及力矩的分布,并给出减小地磁扰动的源磁场结构设计原则。通过设计组合式磁场源,优化磁场源各个磁体的磁化方向排布,可减小磁场源总磁矩以及地磁扰动。     

关于线状天线在卫星表面激励电流的电磁兼容探讨

本文用矢量积分方程法和谐量分析法，对旋转体卫星上两种典型线状天线所激励的电流进行了探讨，求出电流的大小和流动方向，从而可决定缝隙天线最佳取向，以减小电磁干扰。     

空间飞行器近尾区内场和密度的数值计算

利用Fourier变换的方法，研究了运动飞行器与周围等离子体，在近尾区内非稳态非线性相互作用问题，得到了场和密度扰动的分布，结果显示，由于场的塌缩效应，在飞行器的近尾区，有可以被探测到的密度空洞和电磁孤波形成。通过对这种密度空间和电磁孤波的探测，可以跟踪探测隐身飞行器的轨迹。     

空间飞行体与压缩区内等离子体非稳态相互作用的控制方程

本文详细研究了压缩区内飞行体与等离子体之间的非稳态相互作用，得到了这种相互作用的控制方程。作为辐射源的飞行体天线系统，可以激发出可探测到的电磁弧波。带电粒子密度扰动对电磁弧波的影响表现为一个振幅的衰减因子。这表明，可通过对这种电磁弧波的探测而发现隐身飞行体的踪迹。     

晴空环境下的地基面天线多场耦合分析及试验

大口径高频段的地基面天线在晴空环境下的热变形对电性能影响明显。针对这一问题,首先