失效卫星电磁消旋涉及的地磁扰动计算及磁场源优化设计方法

以失效卫星为代表的空间碎片受各种扰动因素影响，其旋转速度可达几到几十(°)/s。这种旋转运动给碎片清除带来困难，因此对旋转空间碎片进行消旋势在必行。电磁消旋因其非接触、无碰撞特性得到广泛关注，但在实际应用中须首先判别地磁场与磁场源相互作用产生的扰动力和力矩。文章在简要介绍基于旋转磁场的电磁消旋方法的基础上，建立电磁消旋过程中的电磁扰动力和力矩的分析模型，仿真分析计算地磁扰动力及力矩的分布，并给出减小地磁扰动的源磁场结构设计原则。通过设计组合式磁场源，优化磁场源各个磁体的磁化方向排布，可减小磁场源总磁矩以及地磁扰动。

Analysis of geomagnetic perturbation influencing the electromagnetic despinning of expired satellite and the design of source magnet

The space debris, such as the expired satellite, is affected by various disturbances and characterized by its spinning motion varying from several degrees to tens of degrees per second. It is difficult to directly grab and remove the space debris due to the spinning motion, so that despinning is required. The electromagnetic despinning method is widely applied due to its noncontact and noncollision characteristics. However, the interaction force and torque between the geomagnetic field and the source magnetic need to be studied firstly. In this paper, an electromagnetic despinning method based on the rotating magnetic field is introduced. The geomagnetic perturbation force and torque are modeled, and the distributions of the geomagnetic perturbation force and torque are simulated. It is shown that the source magnet with a segmented structure and an optimized magnetization distribution can help to offset the superposed geomagnetic moment and reduce the geomagnetic perturbation.