GPS自主式完整性检测技术研究

证明了GPS(Global Positioning System) RAIM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)两种算法:奇偶空间法和残差最小二乘法在数学上是等价的.提出了一种新的GPS RAIM算法,并进行了仿真实验.研究结果表明,该算法具有可用性高、漏警率低,故障检测灵敏等优点,满足了高精度、高可靠性的制导要求.研究了可见星较少时,采用气压高度表辅助、接收GLONASS(GLObal NAvigation Satellite System)信号等实现RAIM的方法,并进行了仿真验证.      

欲东山再起的俄罗斯导航卫星

20 0 1年底 ,俄航天兵司令称 ,俄拟大力振兴航天业 ,并优先发展军用卫星 ,尤其是导航卫星。俄罗斯 2 0 0 2年航天预算为 84亿卢布 ,国防部和航空航天局另拨 1 6亿卢布研制并发射 3颗 GLONASS导航卫星 ,使卫星总数达到 1 2颗 ,从而满足最低限度的综合使用需求。苏联 /俄罗斯军方历经 2 0多年研制和发射 ,于 1 995年 1 2月组网成功类似美国GPS的全球导航定位卫星系统——GLONASS。该系统由 2 4颗卫星组成 ,多数在轨卫星的设计寿命为 3年 ,少量改进的GLONASS-M卫星寿命为 5～ 7年。它是目前惟一能与 GPS抗衡的全球导航定位卫星系统…     

欧洲继续推动静轨道卫星导航系统的发展

欧空局 ( ESA)、欧洲委员会 ( EC)以及欧洲航行安全局 ( Eurocontrol)三方 ,在“全球导航定位卫星系统” ( GNSS)的开发协调上取得了具体的进展。GNSS计划分 2个阶段实施。第 1个阶段是建造 GNSS- 1 ,即第 1代卫星导航系统 ,它依赖于美国 GPS和俄罗斯GLONASS星座。第 2个阶段是建造 GNSS- 2 ,即第 2代卫星导航系统 ,它能够为民用用户提供更先进的导航及定位服务。“伽利略” ( Galileo)系统将作为 GNSS- 2的组成部分。在 GNSS- 1阶段 ,欧洲正在建立“欧洲静止轨道导航重叠系统”( EGNOS) ,其主要目的是提高 GPS和 GLO…     

俄罗斯导航卫星发射失败新一轮完整卫星星座部署时间推迟

在当今社会,60%的信息都与时间和定位有关,拥有自主的时间和定位系统,不仅事关一个国家的独立自主,也关系到其影响力和统治力。所以,越来越多的国家正在研制或应用导航卫星。目前,除了美国的"全球定位系统"(GPS)导航卫星以外,俄罗斯的"全球导航卫星系统"(GLONASS)最有实力。GLONASS由俄罗斯单独研发部署,这一系统至少需要18颗卫星才能为俄罗斯全境提供卫星定位及导航服务,如要提供全球服务,则需要24颗卫星在轨工作。然而,就在俄罗斯即将完成新一轮24颗GLONASS导航卫星部署之际,却因火箭故障使原计划严重受挫。     

民航GPS地基区域完好性监视系统设计与实现

结合中国地域和空中交通流量分布的特点,提出了中国民航全球卫星定位系统GPS(Global Positioning System)地基区域完好性监视系统GRIMS(Ground-based Regional Integrity Monitoring System)的概念.一个包含7个监测站的地面监测网监测视界内的GPS卫星,判断其可用状况,并将判断结果和重要的监测数据发送到主控站.主控站计算中国范围内的接收机自主完好性监测RAIM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)空洞,同时推算全国民航飞机的实时位置,并向所有位于RAIM空洞中的飞机及时发送完好性告警信息.从卫星出现故障到飞机收到告警信息之间的告警延迟小于7s.该系统已经应用于中国民航,在保证飞行安全的同时提高了飞行效率.      

基于非线性模型预测滤波的微纳卫星定位方法

针对采用星载GPS(Global Position System)定位的LEO(Low Earth Orbiter)微纳卫星获得的位置速度数据不连续,而使用轨道动力学获得的连续的位置速度信息误差快速发散的问题,提出了一种基于非线性MPF(Model Predict Filter)的LEO微纳卫星定位方法,它采用非线性MPF预测的模型误差作为一步状态估计,同时使用GPS信息作为观测量,并与改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波组合,既可获得连续的卫星位置速度信息,又可获得相当于GPS单点定位的精度.仿真结果表明,此种方法可以有效地获得连续的微纳卫星位置速度信息,并且精度优于EKF(Extended Kalman Filter).      

基于D-S证据理论的GPS/MM组合系统车辆定位算法

根据分段、特征提取等地图匹配关键技术探讨了地图匹配的一般原理,提出了基于D-S证据推理理论的GPS(Global Positioning System)/MM(Map Matching)组合算法,提高了GPS单点定位精度.仿真结果和跑车实验验证结果表明上述方法是行之有效的.地图匹配算法不增加系统的硬件成本,对目前广泛应用的车载GPS导航定位系统是一个有效的解决方案.      

GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统研究

通过对多星座组合导航系统的分析,对多星座组合导航定位算法进行了研究。由于GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO系统分别采用了不同的坐标系,文中利用坐标系变换将不同星座统一到同一个坐标系中,采用增加状态变量的方法实现了组合系统的时间统一,从而实现了多星座间的时空统一;针对多星座组合系统的可见卫星数目大大增加的特点,采用最小二乘的方法实现了用户的导航定位解算,提高了用户的定位精度。通过对GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统的仿真研究,其结果表明:与GPS单星座相比,GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统,同一时间内可见卫星数目大大增加,PDOP值明显减小,有效提高了导航定位精度,具有良好的定位性能和可靠性。     

“北斗”应用概述

当前,我国已将卫星导航定位应用产业列入国家重点新产品项目和国家高新技术产业示范工程,作为卫星导航定位应用产业的关键核心技术之一。"北斗"卫星导航系统(以下简称"北斗")是我国自行建设的具有完全自主知识产权的卫星定位和通信系统。它能为用户提供快速定位、授时和短报文通信服务,目前系统服务区覆盖我国和周边地区,可以保证我国重点用户在导航定位方面不依赖于美国"全球定位系统"(GPS)或俄罗斯"全球导航卫星系统"(GLONASS)。卫星导航定位正日益成为国民经济发展的重要标志之一,有广阔的发展前景。     

俄罗斯"全球导航卫星系统"一瞥

1系统现状□□1995年12月,俄罗斯“全球导航卫星系统”(GLONASS)的24颗卫星部署完毕,标志着该系统的正式建成。24颗卫星均匀分布在升交点赤经相隔120°的3个近圆形轨道面上,卫星倾角为64.8°,轨道高度为19130km,轨道交点周期为11h15min。满配置的GLONASS星座使地球表面99%的地区能够连续观测到5颗以上卫星。美国林肯实验室的监测结果表明,其民用码导航定位精度略低于无选择可用性(SA)的“全球定位系统”(GPS)。到目前为止,GLONASS卫星已发射了89颗,其中6颗未能成功入轨,2颗为大地测量卫星。但是,GLONASS卫星实际运行状况较差,…     

高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器导航电文生成

为了测试全球定位系统GPS(Global Positioning System)接收机的性能,应用GPS信号模拟器来模拟各种条件下真实的GPS信号.GPS卫星信号发生器由硬件、计算机和软件组成.软件主要由卫星导航参数计算模块、目标运动轨迹计算模块、误差计算模块等模块组成.导航电文产生功能模块是高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器要解决的一项关键技术.给出了3个卫星星钟改正参数的物理意义和星历产生模型,根据这些参数并结合相应的时间参数来形成卫星导航电文.通过程序仿真并与导航电文进行验证,证明推导出的星历产生模型基本符合GPS星的星座排列规律.     

Performance assessment of RTPPP positioning with SSR corrections and PPP-AR positioning with FCB for multi-GNSS from MADOCA products

The state-space representation (SSR) product of satellite orbit and clock is one of the most essential corrections for real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP). When it comes to PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR), the fractional cycle bias (FCB) matters. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed a multi-GNSS (i.e., global navigation satellite system) advanced demonstration tool for orbit and clock analysis (MADOCA), providing free and precise orbit and clock products. Because of the shortage of relevant studies on performance evaluation, this paper focuses on the performance assessment of RTPPP and PPP-AR by real-time and offline MADOCA products. To begin with, the real-time MADOCA products are evaluated by comparing orbit and clock with JAXA final products, which gives an objective impression of the correction. Second, PPP tests in static and simulated kinematic mode are conducted to further verify the quality of real-time MADOCA products. Finally, the offline MADOCA products are assessed by PPP and PPP-AR comparisons. The results are as follows: (1) Orbit comparisons produced an average error of about 0.04–0.13 m for the global positioning system (GPS), 0.14–0.16 m for the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), and 0.07–0.08 m for the quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS). The G15 satellite had the most accurate orbit, with a difference of 0.04 m between the JAXA orbit products and MADOCA’s counterpart, while the R07 satellite had the least accurate orbit with a difference of 0.16 m. Clock products had an accuracy of 0.4–1.3 ns for GPS, 1.4–1.6 ns for GLONASS, and 0.7–0.8 ns for QZSS in general. The G15 satellite had the most accurate clock with a difference of only 0.40 ns between the JAXA clock products and MADOCA products, and the R07 satellite had the least accurate clock with a difference of 1.55 ns. The orbit and clock products for GLONASS performed worse than those of GPS and QZSS. (2) After convergence, the positioning accuracy was 3.0–8.1 cm for static PPP and 8.1–13.7 cm for kinematic PPP when using multi-GNSS observations and precise orbit and clock products. The PFRR station performed the good performance both in static and kinematic mode with an accuracy of 2.99 cm and 8.08 cm, respectively, whereas the CPNM station produced the worst static performance with an error of 8.09 cm, and the ANMG station produced the worst kinematic performance with a counterpart of 13.69 cm. (3) The PPP-AR solution was superior to the PPP solution, given that, with respect to PPP, post-processing PPP-AR improved the positioning accuracy and convergence time by 13–32 % (3–89 %) in GPS-only mode by 2–15 % (5–60 %) in GPS/QZSS mode. Thus, we conclude that the current MADOCA products can provide SSR corrections and FCB products with positioning accuracy at the decimeter or even centimeter level, which could meet the demands of the RTPPP and PPP-AR solutions.     

现代卫星导航系统技术的研究进展

首先 ,文章详细地分析了美国GPS系统的技术特征及其现代化进程 ;然后 ,论述俄罗斯的GLONASS系统现状与不足 ,及其与GPS系统的差异 ,并介绍了欧洲的Galileo系统的建设进展及相关技术 ;最后 ,阐述北斗卫星导航系统尚不能满足中国各行业广大用户的需求 ,初步提出发展中国第二代卫星导航系统的总体构想及其关键技术     

Multi-GNSS contributions to differential code biases determination and regional ionospheric modeling in China

Due to the limited number and uneven distribution globally of Beidou Satellite System (BDS) stations, the contributions of BDS to global ionosphere modeling is still not significant. In order to give a more realistic evaluation of the ability for BDS in ionosphere monitoring and multi-GNSS contributions to the performance of Differential Code Biases (DCBs) determination and ionosphere modeling, we select 22 stations from Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) to assess the result of regional ionospheric model and DCBs estimates over China where the visible satellites and monitoring stations for BDS are comparable to those of GPS/GLONASS. Note that all the 22 stations can track the dual- and triple-frequency GPS, GLONASS, and BDS observations. In this study, seven solutions, i.e., GPS-only (G), GLONASS-only (R), BDS-only (C), GPS + BDS (GC), GPS + GLONASS (GR), GLONASS + BDS (RC), GPS + GLONASS + BDS (GRC), are used to test the regional ionosphere modeling over the experimental area. Moreover, the performances of them using single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) method are presented. The experimental results indicate that BDS has the same ionospheric monitoring capability as GPS and GLONASS. Meanwhile, multi-GNSS observations can significantly improve the accuracy of the regional ionospheric models compared with that of GPS-only or GLONASS-only or BDS-only, especially over the edge of the tested region which the accuracy of the model is improved by reducing the RMS of the maximum differences from 5–15 to 2–3 TECu. For satellite DCBs estimates of different systems, the accuracy of them can be improved significantly after combining different system observations, which is improved by reducing the STD of GPS satellite DCB from 0.243 to 0.213, 0.172, and 0.165 ns after adding R, C, and RC observations respectively, with an increment of about 12.3%, 29.4%, and 32.2%. The STD of GLONASS satellite DCB improved from 0.353 to 0.304, 0.271, and 0.243 ns after adding G, C, and GC observations, respectively. The STD of BDS satellite DCB reduced from 0.265 to 0.237, 0.237 and 0.229 ns with the addition of G, R and GR systems respectively, and increased by 10.6%, 10.4%, and 13.6%. From the experimental positioning result, it can be seen that the regional ionospheric models with multi-GNSS observations are better than that with a single satellite system model.     

Geocenter coordinates estimated from GNSS data as viewed by perturbation theory

Time series of geocenter coordinates were determined with data of two global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), namely the U.S. GPS (Global Positioning System) and the Russian GLONASS (Global’naya Nawigatsionnaya Sputnikowaya Sistema). The data was recorded in the years 2008–2011 by a global network of 92 permanently observing GPS/GLONASS receivers. Two types of daily solutions were generated independently for each GNSS, one including the estimation of geocenter coordinates and one without these parameters.     

GPS多径信号建模及接收机测试评估

多径信号误差是GPS(Global Positioning System)及其它卫星导航系统的重要误差源之一,有关多径建模与多径消除技术一直是卫星导航领域的研究热点.根据多径信号特性,推导了对GPS定位精度影响最大的镜面反射多径信号模型.基于这一多径模型,利用GPS软件接收机测试了多径对接收机伪距测量精度的影响.测试结果验证了所建立的多径模型的有效性,所获得的多径误差曲线为窄相关多径抑制技术提供了实验支持.     

基于混沌粒子群优化的北斗/GPS组合导航选星算法

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）接收机在接收信号的过程中会受到诸如建筑物遮挡、信号干扰等因素的影响,无法得到全部可见星。为减轻多星座组合接收机的处理负担,研究利用部分可见卫星进行定位的快速选星算法,提出了一种基于混沌粒子群优化（CPSO）的北斗/GPS组合导航选星算法。首先,对当前历元时刻可见卫星进行连续编码,按照选星数目分组,每个分组视为一个粒子。然后,通过混沌映射初始化粒子种群,选取几何精度因子（GDOP）作为评价粒子优劣的适应度函数;粒子通过粒子群优化算法的速度-位移模型更新自身位置,逐渐趋近空间卫星几何分布较好的卫星组合全局最优解。最后,采集北斗/GPS实际数据对选星算法进行仿真验证和性能比较,结果表明,所提算法在选星颗数多于5颗时,单次选星耗时为遍历法选星的37.5%,选星结果的几何精度因子计算误差在0~0.6之间。该算法可适用于北斗/GPS组合导航定位不同选星颗数的情况。      

The investigation of the ionospheric variability by the radiotranslucence method

To provide a continuous single-point sounding of a large-scale region of the ionosphere the translucence method of studying the ionosphere utilizing satellite navigation system signals has been used. Simultaneous receiving the signals of GPS Navstar and GLONASS from different azimuths gives information on variations of the ionosphere in almost real time. Using measured data the reconstruction of the electron density profiles in the regions of intersection of a sounding ray with the ionosphere has been carried out. The translucence method was used to investigate the ionosphere effects of a partial solar eclipse (PSE) that occurred on 11.08 1999 by probing of the ionosphere with different GPS system signals in the Zwenigorod region.