从汉译英的赘冗和疏漏问题看汉英语法特征之差异——汉语语法的柔性之于英语语法的刚性

本文从汉译英的翻译实践出发，从英语译文的错误以及汉英译文对比中，去发现并分析汉语和英语语法特征的差异。论述了英语语法的刚性、显性和汉语语法的柔性、隐性，并从语言对思维的影响的角度，探讨了汉语语言文化的深邃独特和英语语言的缜密精确。     

空间交会对接光学敏感器测量的实验研究

光学敏感器通常用作空间交会对接最后阶段的测量敏感器。本文研究了光学成像敏感器的测量方法，并在此基础上进行了物理仿真实验。实验结果表明，当距离为１ｍ左右对直径４０ｃｍ的目标模拟器进行测量时．位置测量精度优于１ｍｍ，姿态测量精度优于０．４°。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

浅谈档案室的管理

如何加强档案规范化管理,充分发挥档案在实际工作中的作用,本文从档案的收集、整理、保管、利用和人员的素质五个方面来进行阐述。从而提高人们对档案室管理工作的认识,以确保档案室管理工作的进一步提高。     

Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant Within an Orthotropic Shell

The strain–stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPREs) is simulated under impact. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of orthotropic organoplastic shell material on the strain–stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal and oblique impact of single steel cylinder projectiles, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are investigated in this study. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional formulation by the method of finite elements for the continuous approach of the mechanics of a deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by the tensor-polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.     

一种多标校源的高轨伴星时差频差定位算法

针对高轨伴星时差频差无源定位系统中卫星位置、速度、时差和频差等参数的测量系统误差严重影响定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于四个或四个以上已知位置的地面标校源的高斯-牛顿定位算法。该算法首先利用差分法消除星间时差、频差测量的系统误差,再利用标校源的时差频差测量方程组估计出主星和伴星的相对位置和相对速度误差,最后结合时差、频差、地球球面以确定非合作辐射源位置。理论和数字仿真均表明在时差和频差测量的随机误差较小时,本文算法的均方根误差（MSE）接近克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。
     

测控技术标准体系浅析

在新版《军用标准体系表》中,测控技术标准作为24项共用技术之一被单独列项,为测控技术标准体系建设提供了良好机遇。在扼要介绍新版《测控技术标准体系》的基础上,对新版《测控技术标准体系》的构建思路、技术特点进行了简要分析。     

HMX含量对HTPB复合固体推进剂微波衰减的影响

研究了HMX含量对HTPB复合固体推进剂微波衰减的影响。实验结果表明:含HMX的HTPB复合固体推进剂的微波衰减随HMX含量的增加而增加,HMX含量由5%增加到50%时,HTPB复合固体推进剂的微波衰减增加了约1倍。     

涨落、协同、竞争及启示

运动的破缺产生差异，导致涨落，造成对系统原有方向、轨道的偏离，致使事物发展与进化，由此带来一系列富有生机和活力的启示。作为系统内在机制的协同与竞争，也深深地楔人了我们的生活。     

氦气渗透对高空长航时浮空器驻空能力影响

氦气渗透率是浮空器蒙皮材料的重要设计指标之一,直接影响浮空器的运行时间和成本,决定高空浮空器能否实现长航时工作。以正球型浮空器为例,根据蒙皮材料薄壳受力特点得出浮空器体积与压差关系,建立了运动学模型和基于微孔损伤的氦气渗透模型,针对不同设计高度的正球型浮空器,结合浮空器内部氦气全天温度变化情况,分析了蒙皮材料渗透率对浮空器驻留高度、驻留时间等关键性能的影响,总结了渗透率、设计高度以及热力学特性之间的关系。
     

基于CFD的涡轮泵转子密封流体激振研究进展

介绍了密封流体激振对转子稳定性的影响，重点论述了利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法进行密封流体激振研究的理论和试验测量方法，对当前研究中存在的难点、重点问题结合国内外发展情况进行了探讨，提出需要发展通用性更好的非稳态数值方法，并利用流体激振的特性来设计密封结构，改善转子动力特性。     

基于多反馈延迟技术的雷达杂波模拟器实现

提出采用多反馈延迟的改进卷积处理技术实现雷达杂波模拟,克服了单反馈延迟输出杂波数据周期重复的缺点,使杂波数据在整个I周期内不重复,带来的好处是杂波逼真度高.采用大容量动态存储技术实现数据存储电路的设计,优点是方便快捷地为卷积器提供数据.     

基于粘附功的复合推进剂AP/基体界面损伤宏细观仿真

为研究复合推进剂AP/基体界面脱湿机理,建立了基于粘聚力界面模型的双尺度有限元损伤分析平台.为确定界面模型的输入参数,采用点滴法和Washburm毛细管上升法,分别测得基体与AP颗粒的接触角,再经Young's方程计算得到界面的粘附功.通过对不同体积分数下简化配方推进剂试件的拉伸试验结果与计算结果的对比显示,两者具有较...     

滚转偏转头导弹动态特性分析

基于复角模型,研究了弹头偏转对于偏转头导弹飞行稳定性和操纵性的影响。依据偏转头导弹的多体特点,建立了包含弹头和弹体动力学特征的滚转偏转头导弹多体动力学模型,通过模型简化,得出了其复角模型。以弹头偏角作为输入,攻角和侧滑角作为输出,得出了滚转偏转头导弹的传递函数。分析传递函数发现,弹头偏转主要影响了导弹传递函数的零点,文中给出了满足系统最小相位的条件公式;当弹体绕纵轴逆时针旋转时（由弹尾向前看）,导弹模型总为最小相位系统;定性分析了气动参数对于导弹运动稳定性的影响,得出弹头偏转运动对于飞行稳定性没有直接影响的结论;动力学仿真表明,弹头与弹体相互作用,导致两者产生相反的角运动。本研究表明,通过合理的选择气动和结构参数,并使导弹飞行过程中绕纵轴逆时针旋转,可以保证偏转头滚转导弹飞行过程中的运动稳定性,并有利于自动驾驶仪的设计。     

Z1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢法兰的铸造工艺研究

本文介绍了一种Z1Cr18Ni9Ti零件的制造方法，即用铸造方法。这种方法可以节省材料，提高效率，降低成本，并在此基础上探讨了有效的熔炼和铸造工艺。     

基于参数化建模的药柱伞盘结构形状优化

锥柱形固体火箭发动机药柱的伞盘结构在低温载荷作用下易产生裂纹,是药柱设计关注的重点部位.为了对伞盘结构进行形状优化,采用有限元软件MSC.Patran的二次开发工具PCL( Patran Command Language),编制参数化建模程序,根据输入参数自动建模计算,并输出计算结果.将整数编码遗传算法与参数化建模方法...     

Ricardo Dyrgalla (1910–1970), pioneer of rocket development in Argentina

One of the most important developers of liquid propellant rocket engines in Argentina was Polish-born Ricardo Dyrgalla. Dyrgalla immigrated to Argentina from the United Kingdom in 1946, where he had been studying German weapons development at the end of the Second World War. A trained pilot and aeronautical engineer, he understood the intricacies of rocket propulsion and was eager to find practical applications to his recently gained knowledge.Dyrgalla arrived in Argentina during Juan Perón's first presidency, a time when technicians from all over Europe were being recruited to work in various projects for the recently created Argentine Air Force.Shortly after immigrating, Dyrgalla proposed to develop an advanced air-launched weapon, the Tábano, based on a rocket engine of his design, the AN-1. After a successful development program, the Tábano was tested between 1949 and 1951; however, the project was canceled by the government shortly after. Today, the AN-1 rocket engine is recognized as the first liquid propellant rocket to be developed in South America. Besides the AN-1, Dyrgalla also developed several other rockets systems in Argentina, including the PROSON, a solid-propellant rocket launcher developed by the Argentine Institute of Science and Technology for the Armed Forces (CITEFA). In the late 1960s, Dyrgalla and his family relocated to Brazil due mostly to the lack of continuation of rocket development in Argentina. There, he worked for the Institute of Aerospace Technology (ITA) until his untimely death in 1970. Ricardo Dyrgalla deserves to be recognized among the world's rocket pioneers and his contribution to the science and engineering of rocketry deserves a special place in the history of South America's rocketry and space flight advocacy programs.     

How the design of a sleeping bag can support counter-measuring fatigue

The paper discusses six case studies of sleeping bag design, one used by astronauts onboard the Space Shuttle and another currently being used on the ISS, which was developed by a Russian company. Two inflatable designs, one by Wubbo Ockels for ESA and one by the University of Technology in Munich in cooperation with NASA are chosen as case studies as well. Two recent designs set a new paradigm and option of sleeping in zero-g. The cut of the sleeping bag of these two design case studies allows the person to relax and sleep in the neutral body position. They were developed by Toshiroh Ikegami from Kyoto City University of Arts and astronaut Chiaki Mukai for JAXA, and by the Vienna based team LIQUIFER Systems Group in cooperation with ESA-astronaut Gerhard Thiele.Currently there is an increased interest in astronauts' and cosmonauts' sleep quality and related comfort because analysis of their sleep quality showed that sleep during long exposure to microgravity does not always ensure good recovery of cognitive and functional capabilities. Present research in the area of sleep and performance preservation include studies by the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Moscow and the NASA-JSC study from the Behavioral Health and Performance Element Human Research Program about improving sleep quality on ISS.In the context of the paper the operational medical challenges of sleep quality will be described in order to establish the relevance of effective sleeping bag designs to support spaceflight crewmembers' well-being.     

Toward optimizing lighting as a countermeasure to sleep and circadian disruption in space flight

Light is being used as a pre-launch countermeasure to circadian and sleep disruption in astronauts. The effect of light on the circadian system is readily monitored by measurement of plasma melatonin. Our group has established an action spectrum for human melatonin regulation and determined the region of 446-477 nm to be the most potent for suppressing plasma melatonin. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 460 and 555 nm for suppressing melatonin using a within-subjects design. Subjects (N=12) were exposed to equal photon densities (7.18 x 10(12) photons/cm2/s) at 460 and 555 nm. Melatonin suppression was significantly stronger at 460 nm (p<0.02). An extension to the action spectrum showed that 420 nm light at 16 and 32 microW/cm2 significantly suppressed melatonin (p<0.04 and p<0.002). These studies will help optimize lighting countermeasures to circadian and sleep disruption during spaceflight.     

模块化弹载测控设备内总线交互技术研究与应用

长期以来,模块化设计一直是弹载测控设备主流的实现方法。然而,模块间的信息交互方式没有统一的标准,研制单位根据自身的技术特点、信号特征进行定义,其定义的方式直接影响或决定了弹载测控设备实现的难易程度。为研发一种高效的弹载测控设备内部互联技术,使得在弹载测控设备性能要求越来越复杂的当下,让模块的连接更简单更高效,通用化程度更高,本文从功能上及硬件上对弹载测控设备进行精细化架构划分,分成三大核心模块及功能扩展模块,并定义一种高效的模块级内总线接口形式及协议。总线包含一次供电、二次供电及内部交联信号的输入输出,信号的交互采用半双工总线形式,各模块均可在线访问总线,在线编辑总线。经设计与实验验证,采用该总线的设计方法使得弹载测控设备对外接口交互简单,在线生成遥测PCM (Pulse Code Modulation,脉冲编码调制)码流便捷高效,功能扩展模块可自由地叠加或减少,不增加总线接口的硬件负担,使得弹载测控设备通用化程度很高。