Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

弹性体上惯性测量系统的传递对准

 给出了一套弹性体上惯性测量系统的传递对准方案。该方法只采用角速度陀螺作为测量元件,能够对传感器误差进行补偿,并且可给出两套测量坐标系失配角的可靠估计。本文应用弹性力学的模态法建立机翼的运动方程;应用自适应Kalman滤波器在线估计由空气动力诱导的广义外力。     

IDENTIFICATION OF GYRO DRIFTS UNDER THREE AXIS ATTITUDE COUPLING

ＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＹＲＯＤＲＩＦＴＳＵＮＤＥＲＴＨＲＥＥＡＸＩＳＡＴＴＩＴＵＤＥＣＯＵＰＬＩＮＧＪＩＮＧＷｕｘｉｎｇ（荆武兴），ＷＡＮＧＸｕｅｘｉａｏ（王学孝），ＷＵＹａｏｈｕａ（吴瑶华）（ＨａｒｂｉｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎ...     

Principles Involved in the LM Rendezvous Radar Redundant Gyro System

For typical failure rates the probability of two or more of four gyros failing is very much less than one or both of two. Thus, a single redundancy system of four gyros greatly enhances system reliability. The orientation of the sensitive axes of four gyros is specified and means of generating outputs dependent only on gyro inconsistencies are defined. The voting logic and plots of switching decision zones are developed. The hardware required to implement this logic is shown to be simple and thus reliable. The use of rate integrating gyros requires the limitation of error integration time in order to avoid spurious failure signals. This is achieved by a reset cycle which realigns the four gyros at regular intervals. False error signals can be generated if inputs are large enough to exceed linear ranges of various components downstream of the gyros.     

陀螺敏感轴交叉耦合对稳定平台角速度的影响分析

光电稳定平台中的陀螺装调误差影响平台角速度的测量精度。研究了速率陀螺稳定平台角速度的计算方法,重点是陀螺敏感轴交叉耦合情况下平台角速度的计算。得到了稳定平台角速度的理论计算公式,在此基础上,得到了理想情况和陀螺敏感轴交叉耦合情况下的测量计算公式。仿真和试验表明,对陀螺敏感轴的交叉耦合进行补偿,可以有效改善视线角速度的测量精度。     

用卡尔曼滤波方法确定再入体空气动力系数

本文用广义卡尔曼滤波方法来确定再入体主要的空气动力系数。重点解决在没有轨道观测数据的情况下,如何利用再入飞行中的测量数据进行状态和参数估值。数据包括体轴角速率和过载,由固连于飞行体的速率陀螺和加速计给出。在六自由度运动方程的基础上建立一种数学模型。考虑了弹道式再入和机动再入两种情况。数值模拟和实测换算表明,本文方法得到了较为满意的结果。     

星上光学有效载荷的两级隔振研究

为实现星上光学有效载荷的高成像性能,对星上光学有效载荷的两级隔振进行了研究。所谓两级隔振,即除了对控制力矩陀螺群(CMGs)等执行机构振动源进行隔振外,还在光学有效载荷和星体之间加入隔振装置。首先建立了含有两级隔振系统以及CMGs和太阳帆板的整星动力学模型,并采用ADAMS工程软件验证了所推导模型的正确性;其次,在合理假设的基础上简化模型,分别求得由扰动源到星体和有效载荷的传递函数矩阵,分析CMGs隔振平台参数变化对姿态控制系统的影响,选择合理参数分析两级隔振系统的频域特性;最后通过数值仿真分析了两级隔振系统在星上应用的可行性,并通过频谱对比分析两级隔振系统对光学有效载荷姿态稳定度的改善程度。     

谈扫模方法对提高激光陀螺性能的重要性

本文分析了激光陀螺的扫模原理,并推算了扫模峰值光强包络与陀螺最关键参数损耗的关系,分析结果对陀螺改进设计和提高陀螺性能具有重要意义。     

Magnetically suspended MEMS spinning wheel gyro

A concept of a magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyro is described. The gyro is based on a patented, planar magnetic actuator and position sensor configuration with a gyro wheel that is rotated by a multi-phase electromagnetic spin motor. The motor and actuator/sensor configurations, in addition to providing the necessary forces to suspend the spinning wheel, are amenable to fabrication using some of the developing MEMS fabrication technologies, making batch fabrication of the gyro possible. This provide the capability for high production yield in high volume through the use of batch processing, without the need for skilled hand labor, resulting in high yields, high reliability, and low cost of ownership. The gyro concept is described in detail. The high-speed rotation of the wheel, somewhat smaller than a dime, can produce an angular momentum much larger than that of the Coriolis force based MEMS gyros now receiving intensive development, and is expected to provide considerably higher performance than currently available from this class of instrument. Two axes of angular rate information and three axes of acceleration information are provided by the control loops that center the wheel within the case. Thus, two such magnetically suspended spinning wheel gyros can be used to implement a complete IMU, and can also provide redundancy in three of the five degrees of freedom     

Mini-UAV altitude estimation using an inertially stabilized payload

A novel method is introduced for autonomous attitude estimation of a mini unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carrying an inertially stabilized payload. The method is based on utilizing the outputs of rate gyros normally used to inertially stabilize the payload, and other data that is normally available from conventional aircraft-mounted sensors. A decentralized estimation algorithm is developed, which uses the aircraft/payload mathematical models to bound the estimation errors. Exploiting modern multiprocessor computer technology, the new estimation algorithm comprises two parallel extended Kalman filters (EKFs) and a data fusion algorithm. Real-time experimental tests, incorporating a payload model with real rate gyros mounted on a three-axis flight table, have validated the feasibility of the concept. The theoretical and experimental investigation demonstrates that the estimation algorithm is capable of estimating the attitude angles with an estimation error not exceeding 1 deg, at output rates of 13 Hz, thus constituting a viable substitute for the conventional vertical gyroscope     

Estimation of 3D angular motion using gyroscopes and linear accelerometers

The authors present a novel, real-time angular motion estimation technique using a linear Gaussian estimator, and the outputs of linear accelerometers and gyroscopes, to assess the actual angular velocity of a rigid body in three-dimensional (3D) space. The method obtains the covariances of the random actual 3D angular velocity, the angular velocity measurement, and the measurement noise from the time averages of the outputs of an array of nine linear accelerometers and the outputs of three orthogonal gyroscopes. These statistics are used by the estimator to calculate the angular velocity of the rigid body in 3D space. The multisensor technique performance is evaluated through a computer simulation. Results indicate that the method leads to more accurate angular velocity values than are obtained conventionally.<>     

一种运动估计的数据复用技术

利用硬件,尤其是集成电路来快速实现块匹配运动估计是现在运动图像处理研究的重点之一,而受到目前具体存储器带宽的限制,许多快速算法均无法实现。因此,如何降低对外部存储器带宽的需求直接影响到块匹配的硬件实现,本文首先分析了块匹配运动估计对存储器带宽的需求和数据读取的特点,并据此提出了一种数据复用技术。以少量本地片上存储器为代价大大降低了对外部存储器的带宽需求,利用普通的SDRAM即可快速实现高清晰图像的块匹配运动估计算法,并利用FPGA和普通SDRAM实现了整个运动估计算法。     

Pseudo-linear inertial navigation algorithm

A new method is illustrated for processing the output of a set of triad orthogonal rate gyros and accelerometers to reconstruct vehicle navigation parameters (attitude, velocity, and position). The paper introduces two vectors with dimensions 4 × 1 as velocity and position quaternions. The navigation equations for strapdown systems are nonlinear but after using these parameters, the navigation equations are converted into a pseudo-linear system. The new set of navigation equations has an analytical solution and the state transition matrix is used to solve the linear time-varying differential equations through time series. The navigation parameters are updated using the new formulation for strapdown navigation equations. Finally, the quaternions of velocity and position are converted into the original position and velocity vectors. The combination of the coning motion and a translational oscillatory trajectory is used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The simulations show significant improvement in the accuracy of the inertial navigation system, which is achieved through the mentioned algorithm.     

Gyro Misalignment and Encoder Quantization Effects During Multi-Axis Evaluation of Strapdown Gyros

This paper presents a quantitative discussion of two error sources which affect the accuracy of data comparison between instrument outputs and reference angle computations during multi-axis evaluation of strapdown gyros. The error due to misalignment of gyro input axes is formulated in terms of closed-form solutions for typical relationships between the three table gimbal rotation histories. If the angular positions of the table gimbal axes are measured by shaft encoders, then any measurement has an uncertainty in the range from plus to minus one-half of the quantization level. It is shown that the effect of encoder quantization error on the computer transformed angles in the bodyfixed coordinate system can be divided into two parts: the initial uncertainty of the zero positions of the gimbals before table motion is begun, and all subsequent error contributions during table test. Typical data for gyro misalignment and encoder quantization error effects are presented.     

单框架控制力矩陀螺奇异问题研究

 研究单框架控制力矩陀螺群的奇异问题。给出了一种新的奇异度量，并推导出利用该度量的简洁的零运动公式。对于不同的构型，该度量反映了陀螺群Jacobian矩阵求逆运算的误差灵敏度，且具有相同的取值范围，因此在分析各种构型的优劣时具有可比性。上述结论通过数值仿真给出了验证。对常用的行列式形式奇异度量，给出其零运动的清晰公式。基于奇异值分解，给出陀螺群的各类操纵律，证明了奇异方向与分解矩阵的关系，明确框架锁死出现的条件和鲁棒操纵律调控的依据。给出五棱锥构型奇异角动量体的切片图，为角动量体内奇异的出现提供了认识的方法；对失效情况下的五棱锥构型，通过奇异角动量曲面图和具体的切片图，直观地得到其内部形式和特性的显著变化。     

检测质量对硅微机械框架振动陀螺影响的研究

 根据陀螺的动力学方程，从陀螺设计中的重要参数——内、外框架组件的等惯量约束条件和振动灵敏度等角度，探讨了检测质量对陀螺性能的影响，为微机械框架振动陀螺的设计提供了理论依据。     

激光陀螺惯性导航系统旋转技术综述

旋转技术能够有效调制激光陀螺和加速度计的误差,提高惯性导航系统的精度。首先基于惯性测量单元的误差模型,分析了旋转技术的基本原理。然后对旋转技术的旋转方案、最优转动速率、旋转机构误差对系统精度的影响、载体角运动对旋转效果的影响、采用旋转技术的惯导解算、采用旋转技术的初始对准与测漂等进行了综述,探讨了我国研究旋转技术的重点研究方向,为开展我国旋转式光学陀螺惯导系统的研究提供了一定参考。     

一种基于盲同态解卷积的SAR成像自聚焦算法

针对大气扰动及飞行平台不稳引起机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像散焦的问题,提出了一种新的自聚焦算法来估算运动误差。该算法是基于运动误差函数及场景散射函数平滑特性的差异来进行估计的,利用复对数变换将图像的幅度与相位信息分离,进而分别对相位及幅度信息进行处理。运动误差通常为慢变函数,而场景的散射信息具有某种随机特性。因此,经过复对数变换后,运动误差及散射信息可以通过滤波器进行分离,将相位中的随机噪声去除,从而保留了慢变的运动误差函数。为了去除噪声信息,需要建立一个平滑滤波器,利用Daubechies小波的尺度函数构造Riesz基向量,从而建立了正交子空间,通过所建立信号子空间及噪声子空间组建平滑滤波器,最终可以获得准确的运动误差。在实验部分,分别利用仿真数据及实测数据对本文方法进行验证,最终结果分析表明该方法具有很高的估计精度及执行效率。     

利用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器集成能量与姿态控制

 利用变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)的航天器姿态与能量一体化控制问题。针对以VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的刚体航天器设计了全局渐近稳定的姿态跟踪控制律。将VSCMG的框架角速度和转子角加速度作为控制输入向量设计操纵律。利用加权的最小范数解得到VSCMG的姿态控制输入向量，并用与之正交的控制输入向量来以给定的功率存储/释放能量。提出了同时表征力矩陀螺模式构型奇异和转子轮速平衡的混合指标函数。对控制自由度有冗余的系统，在混合指标函数的基础上利用梯度法构建了VSCMG的空转运动，以回避力矩陀螺模式的构型奇异，并同时减小转子转速差过大引起的转速饱和以及VSCMG零奇异的可能性。利用反馈转子动能的方法规划日照期间的储能功率，以维持系统长时间工作的能量平衡。基于某太阳同步轨道卫星的数值仿真结果验证了系统的有效性。     

RTR系统测试精度的改进

对目前使用的ＲＴＲ系统中存在的问题进行了分析,指出影响ＲＴＲ系统测试精度的主要原因是高速运动分析仪的图像分辨率太低及Ｘ射线系统本身造成的系统误差。总结了提高ＲＴＲ系统测试精度的措施,包括提高变压器的稳压性能,改进实验器设计水平,提高试车台架的刚性以及运用图像处理技术等,将这些改进措施应用于ＳＲＭ燃烧室凝相粒子运动规律的实验研究,取得了比较明显的效果。