难加工材料切削加工刀具及参数的评价技术

在深入分析难加工材料的切削加工特点、刀具及切削参数评价体系的基础上,针对已有的评价体系不能准确、量化、全面的评价刀具及切削参数的问题,尤其是针对难加工材料进行切削加工时,提出了利用单元体积材料的可变加工成本为指标的难加工材料切削加工刀具及参数的量化评价体系。将切削加工过程的经济性引入到刀具及参数的评价指标中,实现了针对难加工材料切削加工刀具及参数的准确、量化评价。并结合多种难加工材料进行相关评价试验,结果表明,以单元体积材料的可变加工成本为指标的刀具及参数评价体系能够实现针对难加工材料进行切削加工的刀具及参数的准确、量化评价,为企业在实际生产中进行刀具及切削参数优选提供准确的量化参考。     

用于钛合金零件加工的机床与刀具——俄罗斯钛合金零件机械加工技术综述

简要介绍了钛合金零件机械加工的特点 ,综述了几种俄罗斯钛合金零件机械加工中所用的NC机床、刀具参数及切削规范 ,并指出了提高钛合金零件NC加工效率及切削刀具稳定性的方法     

未来刀具

刀具技术在航空制造等领域进入了以发展高速切削、开发新的切削工艺和加工方法、提供成套技术为特征的新阶段。不断寻求开发新型刀具材料、优化刀具结构设计、研究刀具涂层技术以及先进切削润滑冷却工艺成为迫切要求。     

切削加工刀具磨损及其预测建模技术研究进展

刀具磨损不仅影响工件加工表面质量和加工精度,而且频繁地换刀还会降低加工效率、增加生产成本,通过研究刀具磨损机理,影响刀具磨损的因素以及刀具磨损预测模型建模技术,为降低刀具磨损提供技术支持。对切削加工过程中刀具磨损及其预测建模技术的研究进展进行了综述。首先,基于近年来刀具磨损机理研究进展,分别对几种主要刀具磨损机理的表现形式及特征进行了分析。其次,重点论述了切削加工过程中切削参数、刀具几何参数、刀具和工件材料特性及加工方法等因素对刀具磨损影响规律,总结分析了刀具磨损预测建模方法和形式。最后,结合制造业绿色节能的发展理念和高速发展的计算机技术,指出降低刀具磨损的加工方法和刀具磨损预测建模技术的未来发展方向。     

高缠绕叶轮流道4+1轴高效分段开槽方法

高缠绕叶轮流道的高效粗加工是提高整个叶轮加工效率和缩短生产周期的关键。针对高缠绕叶轮流道的粗加工,提出了一种4+1轴高效分段开槽方法。首先,给出了分段开槽加工方法的基本概念,并分析了高缠绕叶轮流道加工特点;然后,结合机床结构特征,给出了五轴机床在主轴摆角固定为常值时切削点处单点最大刀具尺寸的计算方法;基于各切削点加工特征参数的分析,采用聚类算法进行了叶轮流道加工分段区域的划分;最后,确定了各分段区域的可加工刀具尺寸和4+1形式的刀轴矢量。算例分析表明,提出的4+1轴分段开槽方法得到的开槽轨迹旋转轴变化均匀,材料去除量较传统开槽方法增加了32.5%,改善了切削过程稳定性,提高了叶轮的粗加工效率。     

高效切削与高完整性加工技术

高效加工是满足日益提高的产品精度和生产效率要求的必要措施.选择合适的高效切削加工工艺和高完整性加工技术,可以在大幅降低生产成本的同时实现加工工件的高尺寸精度和高表面完整性.对高效切削加工工艺及高完整性技术进行综述,介绍和分析包括高速切削技术、复合加工技术、先进加工刀具、高效冷却技术和新型高完整性加工原理及其技术应用.研究表明,切削高速度、刀具高效率、机床高复合、冷却高环保以及新型高完整性加工技术是高效切削及切削后续工艺的重要发展方向.     

基于Z-map模型的球头铣刀铣削力建模与仿真

对球头铣刀铣削力建模进行了研究。在Z-map仿真模型的基础上,提出了识别加工中参与切削的切削刃单元的方法,通过考虑刀具偏心和刀具变形对瞬时切削厚度的影响,推导出了瞬时切削厚度的表达式,由铣削力和切削负载之间的关系,建立了球头铣刀三轴铣削力仿真模型。铣削力仿真计算与铣削实验的对比表明在考虑刀具偏心和刀具变形后所建立的铣削力模型能够对铣削力进行准确的预测。     

压气机机匣零件切削刀具配置专家系统开发

现代航空发动机零件结构越来越复杂,涉及的刀具种类与数量也越来越多,给刀具选择与工艺制定带来了严峻挑战.以某型压气机机匣零件为研究对象,以最佳刀具配置为研究目标,在压气机机匣零件切削数据库的基础上,设计开发了基于B/S结构的压气机机匣零件切削刀具配置专家系统,并进行了实例演示.该系统首先根据被加工对象特征及其需求,运用规则推理方法初选刀具;进而应用人工神经网络预测初选刀具的耐用度及被加工特征的表面粗糙度;最后以该预测结果作为参考,应用综合评判技术进行刀具性能评价,并对所选刀具进行优化排序和完成推荐.系统运行实例验证了所开发系统能够实现压气机机匣零件切削加工刀具的智能选取.     

绿色切削技术的研究现状及发展

与湿切削相比,由于缺少了切削液的冷却、润滑和辅助排屑等功能,干切削过程中刀具、工件和切屑之间摩擦以及刀具磨损加剧;切削力、切削热和切削区温度急剧增加;同时,加工精度和工件表面质量变差.但是,干切削具有对大气和水环境无污染、切屑上无残液从而降低了清洁处理成本、对人的健康无害且不会损伤皮肤或造成过敏等优点.而且通过改进刀具技术、机床性能和切削工艺可以消除干切削的不利影响.     

复杂型面微小零件精密切削工艺研究

在自研的微小零件精密加工机床上,通过分析复杂型面造型技术、刀具路径规划方法和切削用量优化选择,开展了金属材料复杂形面微小零件的精密切削工艺研究,加工出了硬铝材料制作、典型的高精度复杂形面微小零件样件。     

Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism

Cutting tool condition directly affects machining quality and efficiency. In order to avoid severely worn tools used during machining process and fully release the remaining useful life in the meanwhile, a reliable evaluation method of remaining useful life of cutting tools is quite necessary. Due to the variation of cutting conditions, it is a challenge to predict remaining useful life of cutting tools by a unified model. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a method for predicting the remaining useful life of cutting tools in variable cutting conditions based on Gaussian process regression model incorporated with tool wear mechanism, where the predicted value at adjacent moments is constrained to a linear relationship by the covariance matrix of Gaussian model based on the assumption of progressive tool wear process, so the wear process under continuous changing conditions can be modelled. In addition to that, the input feature space and the output of the model are also enhanced by considering the tool wear mechanism for improving prediction accuracy. Machining experiments are performed to verify the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed could improve the prediction of tool remaining useful life significantly.     

Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

航空结构件智能化加工设备的发展方向

随着工业4.0时代的到来,航空结构件的加工将逐步从数字化时代进入智能化时代,其主要特点是机床软、硬件设备等多智能体系统(Multi-Agent System,MAS)的集成及应用,核心技术在于机床对加工程序的智能化识别,在此基础上实现智能化装夹与基准识别、加工系统实时监控、加工参数的智能化匹配、加工系统智能预警。     

直纹面叶轮刀具轨迹规划的研究(英文)

At present, most commercial computer-aided manufacturing （CAM） systems are deficient in efficiency and performances on generating tool path during machining impellers. To solve the problem, this article develops a special software to plan cutting path for ruled surface impellers. An approximation algorithm to generate cutting path for machining integral ruled surface impellers is proposed. By fitting sampling data points of an impeller blade into a curve, a model of ruled surface blade of an impeller is built up. Furthermore, by calculating the points where the cutter axis vector intersects the free-form hub surface of an impeller, problems about, for instance, the ambiguity in calculation and machining the wide blade surface with a short flute cutter are solved. Finally, an integral impeller cutting path is planned by way of an integrated cutter location control algorithm. Simulation and machining tests with an impeller are performed on a 5-axis computer numerically controlled （CNC） mill machine, which shows the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.     

基于精益6滓的航空高强钢零件大尺寸面轮廓度 数控加工参数优化

针对某航空高强钢零件大尺寸面轮廓度数控加工合格率较低问题,利用精益6σ方法,依据DMAIC的研究路径,充分运用箱线图、等方差检验、单因子方差分析等方法和工具,分析了“人、机、料、法、环、测”6大方面的操作者、加工刀具、装夹方式、主轴转速、切削量、进给速度、切削方式7个因素,确定刀具尺寸、切削量、进给速度为关键影响因素;通过建立面轮廓度与7个影响因素之间的GLM模型,得出影响流程输出的3个关键影响因素的最佳组合,并在此基础上对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:该零件的数控加工工艺流程改进后,减少了加工过程中的人工调试检查环节,缩短了加工调试验证时间,大尺寸面轮廓度数控加工合格率从80%提高到96%以上,取得了较好的经济效益。     

Systematic Geometric Error Modeling for Workspace Volumetric Calibration of a 5-axis Turbine Blade Grinding Machine

A systematic geometric model has been presented for calibration of a newly designed 5-axis turbine blade grinding machine. This machine is designed to serve a specific purpose to attain high accuracy and high efficiency grinding of turbine blades by eliminating the hand grinding process. Although its topology is RPPPR (P: prismatic; R: rotary), its design is quite distinct from the competitive machine tools. As error quantification is the only way to investigate, maintain and improve its accuracy, calibration is recommended for its performance assessment and acceptance testing. Systematic geometric error modeling technique is implemented and 52 position dependent and position independent errors are identified while considering the machine as five rigid bodies by eliminating the set-up errors of workpiece and cutting tool. 39 of them are found to have influential errors and are accommodated for finding the resultant effect between the cutting tool and the workpiece in workspace volume. Rigid body kinematics techniques and homogenous transformation matrices are used for error synthesis.     

智能制造环境下的数控系统发展需求

"智能"是"中国制造2025"的核心要素,数控系统是制造装备实现智能化的关键要素。论文首先提出机床的信息互通和开放式标准数据接口是实现机床智能化的前提,举例说明了STEP-NC在通用数据接口方面的优越性,概述了适用于数控系统的通讯总线特征;在此基础上,介绍了工艺大数据对生产加工的重要性和其对新一代数控系统的要求,针对制造业数据平台的需求,对大数据信息挖掘技术做了相关介绍。依托于以上两点,总结了智能化数控系统可具备的功能,依托于工艺大数据平台,重点分析了智能工艺规划和加工参数自整定的实现方案,以及智能数控对高速高精加工所提供的便利。     

基于虚拟控制面约束的机匣类零件工序模型建立方法

在多岛屿特征机匣类零件的数控加工中,建立准确的加工工序模型是实现该类零件智能加工的关键技术。为了获得多岛屿特征机匣类零件准确的加工工序模型,提出了一种基于虚拟控制面约束的机匣类零件工序模型建立方法。首先,根据多岛屿特征机匣类零件的加工特征对建模过程中虚拟控制面约束的引入进行了分析,并结合虚拟控制面约束思想给出了拉格朗日超限插值的建模理论;然后,结合机匣类零件的几何特征确定了虚拟控制面的分布位置和几何形状的计算方法,在此基础上根据虚拟控制面建模理论构造了中间变形曲面,依据切削深度约束确定了工序模型,并对其进行了轨迹规划;最后,在一类多岛屿特征的机匣零件上对算法进行了验证,结果表明,本文方法能够根据机匣零件加工特征分布情况有效地控制工序模型的几何形状,避免了同时处理多个加工特征所导致的工序曲面过早趋于复杂现象,为多岛屿特征机匣类零件的数控加工提供有效的工序模型,一定程度上降低了该类零件数控加工的工艺规划难度。     

弧线齿面齿轮的齿面设计与加工

提出了一种新型弧线齿面齿轮传动及其加工方法,比直/斜齿形的面齿轮副具有更为优越的传动性能.弧线齿面齿轮传动是一种交错轴弧形齿圆柱齿轮与弧线齿面齿轮相啮合的传动.基于啮合理论,研究了弧线齿面齿轮副的切削理论以及相应的齿面设计、制造方法;建立了弧线齿面齿轮的加工模型,推导了弧线齿面齿轮的齿面方程,并建立了相应的有限元模型及三维仿真模型.提出了利用常规的格里森刀盘,在国内已有的数控加工中心或数控齿轮机床上加工弧线齿面齿轮的方法,制造工艺简单.