基于外辐射源直达波的对消及仿真研究

利用外辐射源（如调频广播、电视、GPS等的发射信号）的无源雷达探测技术一直是国内外研究的热点。在目标检测上，直达波信号的干扰不但对通道的动态范围提出了极高的要求，同时对微弱目标回波的检测构成了限制。文中利用二元阵的方法对直达波的干扰进行抑制，并对其对消性能进行了仿真分析和研究。     

一种基于多基线载波相位差测量的欺骗干扰检测方法

由于卫星导航信号到达地面的信号功率较低,且民用部分信息公开,极易受到欺骗干扰信号的影响,从而导致接收机解算出错误的位置、速度或时间.针对传统的欺骗干扰检测与抑制方法不能对欺骗干扰进行测向的问题,提出了一种基于阵列多天线接收信号的载波相位差进行欺骗信号检测与抑制的方法.该方法能够在缺少先验知识的条件下,借鉴相关干涉仪测向原理,利用不同阵元接收的同一信号的载波相位差构建观测量,实现接收机捕获信号的波达方向估计,通过与星历解算的卫星方向进行对比可实现欺骗干扰的检测与识别.仿真结果表明,该方法能够实现针对不同卫星的多个欺骗信号的波达方向识别,识别精度较高,具有较好的欺骗干扰检测效果,并且该方法对各种导航系统均适用.     

基于RELAX的空中多机动目标检测与参数估计

 针对机载雷达空中多机动目标的检测问题,提出了一种基于RELAX算法的空中多机动目标检测与参数估计方法。该方法将重构时间采样技术与RELAX算法相结合,有效地抑制了检测过程中强信号分量对弱信号分量的影响,在待测单元内存在多个目标时,能够获得很好的参数估计结果,并且在脉冲点数有限的情况下,该方法得到的参数估计精度依然很高。同时,本文还推导了空中多机动目标参数估值的克拉美罗界(CRB),为估计结果提供了理论下限。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

直达与非直达环境中的多目标解耦直接定位方法

针对直达（LOS）与非直达（NLOS）环境中的定位问题,提出了一种波形已知条件下的单阵地多目标直接定位（DPD）算法。该算法针对发射时间已知和未知两种情况,利用多径信号到达角度与时延关于障碍物（或反射体）、观测站与目标位置参数的数学关系,建立了三维目标位置的最大似然（ML）函数,无需估计测量参数,避免了传统两步定位方法所需的非直达径识别与数据关联。为了克服多目标定位中的高维非线性优化问题,该算法利用独立波形信息将多目标定位解耦为对各个目标单独求解。通过对目标函数有效近似,算法在发射时间已知和未知两种情况下均仅需三维网格搜索,比相应的两步定位方法具有更低的计算量。此外,基于多径定位场景,推导了发射时间已知和未知两种情况下的位置估计克拉美罗界（CRB）。仿真结果表明：算法的定位性能能够逼近相应的克拉美罗界,比传统两步定位方法和子空间直接定位算法具有更高的定位精度。     

基于相关与小波变换相结合的弱信号检测

针对强噪声背景中的弱信号检测问题,在传统的相关检测方法的基础上,利用小波良好的去噪性能,提出了相关检测与小波变换相结合的弱信号检测方法。仿真结果表明,该方法优于传统的相关检测方法,无须知道有用信号的先验知识和同步信号便可以有效的检测周期性弱信号,并获得更高的输出信噪比。     

基于相减式信号抵消的带内隐藏干扰检测

为实现对通信信号的实时监测,提出一种带内隐藏干扰检测方法。该方法先利用解调结果重构期望信号,然后通过时延估计及自适应滤波使其与接收信号中的有用信号在时间、幅度和相位上尽量保持一致,最后利用相减式信号抵消技术将其从接收信号中消除,能够在不中断通信业务的前提下检测出信号带宽内隐藏的干扰。仿真结果表明,当信干比不低于6 dB、信噪比不低于3 dB时,期望信号、干扰信号与各自原信号的相似系数均能达到0.9以上,提取的干扰信号非常准确。将利用文中方法估计出的干扰抵消后,信号的星座图也得到了显著的收敛。     

火箭发动机装药包覆层厚度信号处理技术研究

用超声测量火箭发动机装药包覆层厚度时,当包覆层较薄时检测回波信号会出现时域混叠。基于时域混叠信号的特点,提出了一种时间延迟估计的新方法。该方法用维纳解卷积消除了检测始波对时间延迟估计的影响，并对剩余信号进行了三次能量倒谱分析，准确直观地估计出了信号延迟时间。该方法已在开发的超声探伤系统中得到了验证。实验结果表明，该方法能准确估计出时域混叠信号的延迟时间，提高了火箭发动机装药包覆层厚度的测量精度。     

非合作无源探测中的参考信号提纯新方法

非合作无源探测系统通过直达波提纯来获取参考信号,参考信号的纯净程度对系统探测性能具有重要影响.针对非合作无源探测中的参考信号提纯问题,提出了一种基于稀疏特性的参考信号提纯新方法.首先将参考通道接收的混合信号变换到对时延敏感的分数阶傅里叶变换域上,并对直达波信号和多径干扰信号在分数阶傅里叶变换域上的稀疏特性进行了分析;然...     

子空间投影DOA估计算法分析及合成空间谱

 针对子空间投影波达方向（DOA）估计方法在非理想条件下性能下降的问题,提出利用加权信号子空间投影和噪声子空间投影获得合成空间谱的DOA估计方法。从不同空间投影矩阵的角度对多种基于特征分解的子空间投影DOA估计方法进行归类分析,在分析的基础上通过对信号子空间投影采用主特征值倒数加权,并与常规噪声子空间投影进行空间谱合成对多目标进行分辨。合成空间谱在低信噪比、小快拍数和非等强多目标条件下具有优良的目标分辨能力和稳健性。理论和统计性能分析表明其性能优于多重信号分类（MUSIC）和信号子空间模变MUSIC（SSMUSIC）方法,有较高的工程应用价值。     

基于时空显著性建模的空中飞行器跟踪方法

以复杂背景下空中飞行器的鲁棒视觉跟踪问题为研究背景，为解决现有跟踪方法目标表征模型不够精确，算法鲁棒性严重受到目标形变、宽高比变化、复杂背景等因素干扰的问题，提出了建模跟踪场景中独立物体的显著性特性，用于构建精确的目标模型。提出的显著性估计方法有别于传统的单帧检测方法，利用跟踪算法提供的背景先验知识以及多帧图像观测数据，使用时空联合的方式进行建模估计，其结果用来指导目标跟踪算法选取有效视觉特征，建立精确目标表征模型，减小背景区域对算法模型的干扰。实验表明，提出的方法为上述难点问题提供了有效的解决方案，对空中飞行器的跟踪精度与鲁棒性优于大多数最先进的主流方法，在其他类型的目标跟踪任务中也有十分优越的性能表现。     

A Multistage Processing Algorithm for Disturbance Removal and Target Detection in Passive Bistatic Radar

The paper examines the problem of cancellation of direct signal, multipath and clutter echoes in passive bistatic radar (PBR). This problem is exacerbated as the transmitted waveform is not under control of the radar designer and the sidelobes of the ambiguity function can mask targets including those displaced in either (or both) range and Doppler from the disturbance. A novel multistage approach is developed for disturbance cancellation and target detection based on projections of the received signal in a subspace orthogonal to both the disturbance and previously detected targets. The resulting algorithm is shown to be effective against typical simulated scenarios with a limited number of stages, and a version with computational savings is also introduced. Finally its effectiveness is demonstrated with the application to real data acquired with an experimental VHF PBR system.     

Adaptive detection using low rank approximation to a data matrix

Using an accurate formula for the error in approximating a low rank component, we calculate the performance of adaptive detection based on reduced-rank nulling. In this principal component inverse (PCI) method, one temporarily regards the interference as a strong signal to be enhanced. The resulting estimate of the interference waveform is subtracted from the observed data, and matched filtering is used to detect signal components in the residual waveform. We also present a generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) for adaptively detecting a low rank signal in the presence of low rank interference. This approach leads to a test which is closely related to the PCI method and extends the PCI method to the case where strong signal components are present in the data. A major accomplishment of the work is our calculation of the statistics of the output of the matched filter for the case in which interference cancellation and signal detection are carried out on the same observed data matrix. That is, no separate data is used for adaptation. Examples are presented using both simulated data and real, active-sonar reverberation data from the ARSRP, the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program of the Office of Naval Research     

Clutter and jammer multipath cancellation in airborne adaptiveradar

Airborne surveillance radars must detect and localize targets in diverse interference environments consisting of ground clutter, conventional jamming, and terrain scattered jammer multipath. Multidimensional adaptive filtering techniques have been proposed to adaptively cancel this interference. However, a detailed analysis that includes the effects of multipath nonstationarity has been elusive. This work addresses the nonstationary nature of the jammer multipath and its impact on clutter cancellation and target localization. It is shown that the weight updating needed to track this interference will also modulate sidelobe signals. At the very least, this complicates the localization of targets. At the worst, it also greatly complicates the rejection of clutter. Several techniques for improving cancellation of jammer multipath and clutter are proposed, including 1) weight vector interpolation, extrapolation, and updating; 2) filter architecture, constraint, and beamspace selection; 3) prefilters; 4) 3-D STAP architectures; and 5) multidimensional sidelobe target editing     

Maximum-Likelihood Detection of Unresolved Radar Targets and Multipath

Interference in the form of multipath or uncooperative targets can seriously degrade the angle-of-arrival estimation accuracy of mutiplebeam processors. In this paper, the generalized likelihood ratio test is used to derive a test to detect the presence of interference for multiple beam processors. The detector performance is then analyzed in detail with respect to its dependence on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference ration (SIR), and on the relative phase between the target and interfering signals. It is shown that good detection performance can be obtained unless the phase difference between the target and interference signals is either in or out of phase.     

A novel target detection approach based on adaptive radar waveform design

To resolve problems of complicated clutter, fast-varying scenes, and low signal-clutterratio (SCR) in application of target detection on sea for space-based radar (SBR), a target detection approach based on adaptive waveform design is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complicated sea clutter is modeled as compound Gaussian process, and a target is modeled as some scatterers with Gaussian reflectivity. Secondly, every dwell duration of radar is divided into several sub-dwells. Regular linear frequency modulated pulses are transmitted at Sub-dwell 1, and the received signal at this sub-dwell is used to estimate clutter covariance matrices and pre-detection. Estimated matrices are updated at every following sub-dwell by multiple particle filtering to cope with fast-varying clutter scenes of SBR. Furthermore, waveform of every following sub-dwell is designed adaptively according to mean square optimization technique. Finally, principal component analysis and generalized likelihood ratio test is used for mitigation of colored interference and property of constant false alarm rate, respectively. Simulation results show that, considering configuration of SBR and condition of complicated clutter, 9 dB is reduced for SCR which reliable detection requires by this target detection approach. Therefore, the work in this paper can markedly improve radar detection performance for weak targets.     

A sequential detection approach to target tracking

Sequential hypothesis testing is investigated for multiframe detection and tracking of low-observable maneuvering point-source targets in a digital image sequence. The proposed multiple multistage hypothesis test tracking (MMHTT) algorithm extends tracks formed from sequentially detected target trajectory segments using a multiple hypothesis tracking strategy. The MMHTT algorithm does not require a probabilistic larger maneuver model. Computational efficiency is achieved by using a truncated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) to prune a dense tree of candidate target trajectories and score the detected trajectory segments. An analytical performance evaluation is presented and confirmed by experimental results from an optical satellite tracking application     

Sequential track extraction

Sensors like radar or sonar usually produce data on the basis of a single frame of observation: target detections. The detection performance is described by quantities like detection probability Pd and false alarm density f. A different task of detection is formation of tracks of targets unknown in number from data of multiple consecutive frames of observation. This leads to quantities which are of a higher level of abstraction: extracted tracks. This again is a detection process. Under benign conditions (high Pd, low f and well separated targets) conventional methods of track initiation are recommended to solve a simple task. However, under hard conditions the process of track extraction is known to be difficult. We here concentrate on the case of well separated targets and derive an optimal combinatorial method which can be used under hard operating conditions. The method relates to MHT (multiple hypothesis tracking), uses a sequential likelihood ratio test and derives benefit from processing signal strength information. The performance of the track extraction method is described by parameters such as detection probability and false detection rate on track level, while Pd and f are input parameters which relate to the signal-to-noise interference ratio (SNIR), the clutter density, and the threshold set for target detection. In particular the average test lengths are analyzed parametrically as they are relevant for a user to estimate the time delay for track formation under hard conditions     

一种机动多目标雷达视频信号模拟器的设计

给出了一种机动多目标雷达视频信号模拟器的软硬件设计方案,它可实时输出所需的多个动目标雷达视频信号,雷达信号的类型、目标的数量、目标的回波特性、目标的运动特性、杂波的类型及参数等均可方便地进行设置。该模拟器可满足各种雷达信号处理算法(如杂波抑制、恒虚警检测、动目标跟踪、多基地数据融合等)的测试与效果分析,以及对雷达信号处理机等进行性能调试与测试的需要。     

基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站 SAR图像 CFAR检测

文章提出了 1种基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站 SAR图像 CFAR检测器 DTCS-TPCFAR,目的是提高在具有多个目标海上区域和石油泄漏区域等环境下对海上风电站的检测性能。DTCS-TPCFAR所提出的双边截断杂波的方法,能够同时消除高强度和低强度异常值的干扰,同时保留真实的杂波样本。通过使用最大似然估计计算双边截断后样本的均值和标准差,然后通过这 2个参数估计值计算出截断阈值,最后再结合指定的虚警率(Probability of False Alarm,PFA)来对测试单元(Test Cell,TC)进行判断,完成最终的目标检测。这也是首次将 CFAR检测器用于检测海上风电站。文章通过 Sentinel-1数据集来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,文章所提出的算法在相同指定虚警率下,具有更高的检测率(Detection Rate,DR)和更低的误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)。