直管斜切式方转圆进气道的电磁散射特性及抑制技术的实验研究

从进气道的雷达散射截面着手,通过实验研究了直管斜切式方转圆进气道在各种状态下的电磁散射特性,分析了终端、攻角对其电磁散射特性的影响,并进一步提出了该型进气道的雷达截面减缩措施,研究了吸波材料贴敷长度、贴敷位置以及消波器等对雷达截面减缩效果的影响。为有效改善该型进气道的电磁散射特性提供了技术依据。     

直升机旋翼电磁特性模拟新技术

针对直升机电磁散射特性无源模拟的技术瓶颈,基于直升机桨叶的结构特点和雷达回波特性,提出一种基于小散射源阵列的新型旋翼散射特性增强技术,通过阵列合成公式和数值仿真分析了散射源阵列的雷达散射截面（RCS）的峰值大小、波峰数目、波峰位置、主瓣宽度等特性。同时,将该技术应用于国内某型无人直升机旋翼,设计了原理样机,并在微波暗室里对其电磁特性进行测试。测试结果与理论仿真结果吻合较好,验证了本方案的有效性和可行性,为试验模拟技术提供有力支持。     

腹部进气道电磁散射特性及RCS减缩方法研究

对建立的腹部S型进气道及前机身模型,采用多层快速多级子方法计算雷达散射截面,研究了进气道唇口斜切方式、上下唇边锯齿化、S型弯道长度、等直段安装吸波导流环和前机身形状对腹部进气道头向RCS的影响,并分析进气道与前机身的耦合散射特性。通过计算进气道参数改变前后的电磁散射特性,找出影响腹部进气道头向雷达散射截面的主要因素和RCS减缩方法,并对各种减缩方法的减缩效果作了对比分析。研究结果为腹部进气道的头向RCS减缩提供了技术依据。     

直升机的RCS计算

RCS（Radar Cross Section）是反映目标雷达散射特性的一个重要参数。一般把雷达目标除质心平动之外的转动,小幅振动和其它高阶运动统称为微动。主要研究旋翼转动情况下的直升机RCS计算。通过对直升机模型进行可视化计算即一种将目标建模与散射特性计算合为一体的交互式计算,使用图形算法（GRECO）和三维造型软件UG相结合的方法,这种方法与传统的RCS计算方法相比具有实时性好,效率高的优点,计算出直升机主体的RCS,再通过其加入调制的方法,计算得到直升机在旋翼转动条件下的RCS。最后给出了微动直升机的在具体入射情况下的单站RCS值。     

基于部件分解法的运载火箭RCS仿真计算方法

为估算运载火箭的RCS（Radar Cross Section,雷达散射截面积）,采用部件分解法对运载火箭进行电磁散射几何建模,根据飞行过程中运载火箭和雷达的几何关系建立雷达照射目标视线角的计算模型,并运用高频散射理论提出运载火箭RCS的仿真计算方法;最后,对运载火箭的静态RCS和动态RCS进行仿真计算与分析.结果表明：对运载火箭电磁散射几何建模合理可行,提出的火箭RCS计算方法可以满足工程应用需要.采用该方法仅修改几何建模中的模型结构和部分尺寸参数即可方便计算不同型号运载火箭的RCS特性,可以为航天测控雷达系统设计和布站优化提供依据.     

Comprehensive optimization design of aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics of serpentine nozzle

Comprehensive optimization design of serpentine nozzle with trapezoidal outlet was studied to improve its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering performance. Serpentine nozzles with different center offsets and different ratios of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet were generated based on curvature control regulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted to obtain the flow field in the nozzle, and Forward-Backward Iterative Physical Optics (FBIPO) method was applied to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the nozzle. Guarantee Convergence Particle Swarm Optimization (GCPSO) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to optimize the geometry of the nozzle in consideration of its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The results show that the GCPSO method based on RBF can be used to optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the internal flow and the scattering characteristics of the cavity of the serpentine nozzle with irregular outlet. The optimized model has a higher center offset and a lower ratio of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet after optimization compared to the original model. The optimized model leads to a slight change in aerodynamic performance, with a total pressure recovery coefficient increase of 0.31% and a discharge coefficient increase of 0.41%. In addition, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) decreases also by around 83.33% and the overall performance is significantly improved, with a decrease of the optimized objective function by around 38.74%.     

球面收敛调节片喷管RCS数值模拟研究

结合物理光学迭代法(IPO)和等效棱边电磁流法(EEC),自主开发了电大尺寸腔体电磁散射特性计算程序,并通过对某试验模型雷达散射截面积(RCS)进行计算,完成了程序的可靠性验证。利用该程序对带有电磁信号遮挡板且采用3种不同尾缘修形技术的球面收敛调节片矢量喷管(SCFN)进行了RCS数值模拟研究。结果表明:随着入射方位角的增大,喷管的RCS整体上有减小的趋势;喷管尾缘的修形只有在雷达波以较大方位角入射时对减小RCS效果明显;电磁信号遮挡板的存在很大程度上减弱了喷管的电磁信号特征。     

低RCS飞行器表面弱散射源研究

飞行器表面不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝（主要包括横向对缝、锯齿对缝两种）等弱散射源对前方雷达截面（RCS）有着比较重要的影响,为了说明控制弱散射源的重要性,介绍了常规飞行器表面结构的缝隙、台阶等弱散射源的分布情况及特点,采用理论方法分析了缝隙的雷达后向散射强度,设计了低RCS载体和实验模型,开展了不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝的RCS实验。结果表明：减小缝隙宽度、台阶高度,采用锯齿缝隙代替直缝隙等方法,是控制隐身飞行器表面电磁缺陷的有效技术途径。     

Interdisciplinary summary of solar/interplanetary events during August 1972

The solar/interplanetary events in early August 1972 are summarized in Section 1 (Introduction), Section 2 (August 1972 Events in the Solar Cycle 20), Section 3 (Evolution of Solar Active Region: McMath region No. 11976 and its flare-activity), Section 4 (Radio, X-ray, and Proton Characteristics of Four Major Solar Flares: F-1 at 0316 UT on 2 August, F-2 at 1958 UT on 2 August, F-3 at 0626 UT on 4 August, and F-4 at 1522 UT on 7 August), Section 5 (Interplanetary Shock Waves: observations of the shock waves generated from the four major solar flares at several points in interplanetary space, the Earth, Pioneer-9, Pioneer-10, etc.; interplanetary scintillations; shock trajectories in the heliosphere), Section 6 (Variations of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays: four solar proton events observed in the vicinity of the earth and at the Pioneer-9 location in the course of interplanetary disturbances; Forbush decreases of cosmic ray intensity; the spikeshaped variation in solar and galactic cosmic rays on 5 August), and Section 7 (Conclusions).     

太阳、天空和海面自身辐射对海洋背景总体辐射影响分析

海洋背景的总体辐射受到太阳辐射、天空背景辐射和海洋自身热辐射的影响。在简化的海面辐射模型的基础上,对不同波段、不同天顶角和不同大气环境下太阳辐射的变化进行了比较分析;分析了在各个波段太阳光和大气对天空辐射的影响,着重分析了大气单次散射和多次散射太阳光的情况下天空辐射的变化;分析了大气窗内海洋自身辐射、路径上的辐射和海面反射天空、太阳辐射对红外探测器总体辐射的影响。结果表明,这些因素对海洋背景总体辐射具有较大的影响。     

隐身飞机机身侧棱电磁散射特点分析

隐身飞机机身侧棱是侧向重要散射源,研究其电磁散射特点具有重要意义。建立机身侧棱分析模型,采用多层快速多极子算法(MLFMM)进行计算,获得雷达散射截面(RCS)沿水平面方位角的分布数据;构建RCS峰值、波峰宽度、旁瓣均值三维度评价方法,基于该方法分析机身侧棱电磁散射的极化特性和频率特性;针对棱边长度、棱边尖劈角、棱边厚度三项关键几何参数,建立变参数模型并通过仿真研究RCS对几何参数的敏感性。结果表明:RCS峰值对棱边长度及棱边尖劈角比较敏感,波峰宽度对频率比较敏感,旁瓣均值对频率及棱边尖劈角比较敏感。     

分布式光纤布里渊散射应变传感器参数计算

介绍了由布里渊散射机理构成的分布式光纤应变传感器,首次推导出了布里渊散射光相对于入射光的频移与光纤应变的关系及有关参数的理论计算公式。计算结果表明：光纤中由应变引起的布里渊频移变化主要是通过调制杨氏模量实现的;其布里渊频移为几十GHz,由应变引起的布里渊频移变化量为几十MHz.其理论与实验数据基本吻合。     

The sun in the far infrared and sub-mm region

A review is given of the solar radiation between wavelengths of approx. 5 m. and 1 mm. After discussing the astrophysical background (Section 2), we review the brightness temperatures measured in the continuous spectrum in the disk center (Section 3), and compare them with model predictions. The observed limb darkening (or brightening) is described in Section 4, and the line spectrum in Section 5. In Section 6 considerations are given on the usefulness of infrared observations for the investigation of small structures on the Sun.     

Ponderomotive Forces in Cosmos

This review is devoted to ponderomotive forces and their importance for the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves in space plasmas. Ponderomotive forces constitute time-averaged nonlinear forces acting on a media in the presence of oscillating electromagnetic fields. Ponderomotive forces represent a useful analytical tool to describe plasma acceleration. Oscillating electromagnetic fields are also related with dissipative processes, such as heating of particles. Dissipative processes are, however, left outside these discussions. The focus will be entirely on the (conservative) ponderomotive forces acting in space plasmas. The review consists of seven sections. In Section 1, we explain the rational for using the auxiliary ponderomotive forces instead of the fundamental Lorentz force for the study of particle motions in oscillating fields. In Section 2, we present the Abraham, Miller, Lundin–Hultqvist and Barlow ponderomotive forces, and the Bolotovsky–Serov ponderomotive drift. The hydrodynamic, quasi-hydrodynamic, and ‘`test-particle’' approaches are used for the study of ponderomotive wave-particle interaction. The problems of self-consistency and regularization are discussed in Section 3. The model of static balance of forces (Section 4) exemplifies the interplay between thermal, gravitational and ponderomotive forces, but it also introduces a set of useful definitions, dimensionless parameters, etc. We analyze the Alfvén and ion cyclotron waves in static limit with emphasis on the specific distinction between traveling and standing waves. Particular attention has been given to the impact of traveling Alfvén waves on the steady state anabatic wind that blows over the polar regions (Section~5). We demonstrate the existence of a wave-induced cold anabatic wind. We also show that, at a critical point, the ponderomotive acceleration of the wind is a factor of 3 greater than the thermal acceleration. Section 6 demonstrates various manifestations of ponderomotive forces in the Earth's magnetosphere, for instance the ionospheric plasma acceleration and outflow. The polar wind and the auroral density cavities are considered in relation to results from the Freja and Viking satellites. The high-altitude energization and escape of ions is discussed. The ponderomotive anharmonicity of standing Alfvén waves is analyzed from ground based ULF wave measurements. The complexity of the many challenging problems related with plasma processes near the magnetospheric boundaries is discussed in the light of recent Cluster observations. At the end of Section 6, we consider the application of ponderomotive forces to the diversity of phenomena on the Sun, in the interstellar environment, on newborn stars, pulsars and active galaxies. We emphasize the role of forcing of magnetized plasmas in general and ponderomotive forcing in particular, presenting some simple conceivable scenarios for massive outflow and jets from astrophysical objects.     

光电缆的分布式温度传感网络

提出增加一根光纤光栅与光电缆绕制在一起，用于监测电缆中的实时温度。采朋有限元分析方法，建立了光电缆温度场模型。使用可调谐脉冲激光作为系统光源，在一条光纤上刻制多个相同中心波长的布拉格光栅，即采用全同光栅作为系统的温度传感器，当光电缆线路中温度发生异常时，反射回来的光栅中心波长发生偏移，通过检测反射光中心波长发生的偏移量可以确定光栅温度变化的大小。不同位置的光栅返回光信号所需的时间不同，通过检测和计算光返回的不同时间，可以计算出发生温度变化的光栅位置。实验结果表明，光栅的温度敏感性可以达到11．4pm／℃，光栅的测量温度与实际温度的误差在3％范围内。     

The Pre-Main-Sequence Star RU Lupi: An Extreme T Tauri star

In this work I will try to give the most general complete view, comparatively with the conciseness, on RU Lupi, which is an Extreme Classical T Tauri star.T Tauri stars (TTSs) form a class of low luminosity stars which are going to the Main Sequence. They are young contracting objects that are in a particular Pre-Main-Sequence (PMS) evolutionary phase. The study of the Pre-Main-Sequence Stars (PMSSs) can provide crucial information on stellar evolution and formation of planetary systems, and therefore also indirect information on the processes occurred in the primeval solar system.For this reason, firstly I will briefly comment a sort of classification of stars in PMS phases (Section 2); then I will emphasize the main characteristics of TTSs and the current theories (Section 3). The up-to-date observational properties of RU Lupi (Section 4) and a discussion on their explanation within the framework of theories (Section 5) will allow me to draw the conclusions (Section 6) and to argue the most convenient line of investigation (Section 7) both experimental and theoretical for a better understanding of the underlying physics of these systems. Finally (Section 8), I will comment in general on the methodology of investigation of highly variable cosmic sources.An original result has been obtained in this work: the flare-like events (FLEs) of RU Lupi, occurring in all wavelength regions, are periodic with aP _FLE=27.686±0.002 days. This periodicity could be the rotational period of the star.     

Physical Causes of Solar Variability – Discussion Session 1b

This report is divided into three parts: Section 1 gives a short introduction and a summary of the topics discussed. Section 2 is a position statement by J. Kuhn on the interpretation of the irradiance measurements, while Section 3 gives a position statement by M. Schüssler discussing observations of stars that could be useful for understanding solar variability.     

基于光纤传感技术的油液污染度软测量研究

采用基于Mie理论的激光散射法测量油液污染度时,油液污染度与监测参数——入射光强、散射光强、出射光强以及颗粒参数之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,给油液颗粒污染度的准确测量带来困难。利用支持向量机优良的非线性映射和强大的泛化能力,建立了一个基于最小二乘支持向量机的油液污染度软测量模型,给出了相应的系统结构和算法;仿真和实际运行结果表明基于LS-SVM的油液污染度软测量模型具有较高的估算精度与泛化能力,为油液污染度的在线测量提供了一种简单、可靠的新方法。     

无隔道进气道RCS特性实验研究

选定无隔道进气道口面参数,在不同的极化方式下对无隔道进气道及皮托式进气道进行了电磁散射特性实验研究。比较了2种进气道的雷达散射截面(RCS),得到了各个口面参数对无隔道进气道RCS的影响规律。研究结果表明:无隔道进气道是1种低RCS进气道;鼓包相对来流附面层的高度略低于1.2时最好,唇罩锯齿角在120°~135°最佳,唇罩内切角在60°时较好,鼓包相对唇口的位置在0.7~0.8时较好。终端开口与转动风扇的比较表明,无隔道进气道的后向散射主要来源于外罩唇口的电磁波散射。