基于广义S变换进行雷达信号时频滤波去噪

S变换自问世以来,凭借其优越性已经被广泛地应用于数字信号处理中。针对深空目标雷达回波信号的复杂性,为了得到较好的雷达回波信号,将基于广义S变换的时频滤波应用于雷达回波信号去噪中,并利用低通滤波器设计了时频滤波算子,克服了传统滤波去噪方法滤波因子不能随时间、频率变化而变化的缺陷。通过理论分析与仿真波形对比表明,滤波后能有效地去除噪声,很好地保留了原始雷达回波信号的信号特征,展示了基于广义S变换的时频滤波的可行性,为雷达回波信号去噪提供提供了一种很好的方法。     

基于广义S变换的图像局部时频分析

 非平稳信号具有良好的时频局部特性,但是使用一些常规的信号处理方法对其进行时频分析具有一定难度。为了解决这一难题,引入基于广义S变换的时频分析方法来进行一维和二维空间非平稳信号的时频分析。同时,为避开对图像直接进行S变换带来的大时间开销和运算难度,选用不同尺度的局部窗口将二维图像转化成一维信号进行处理,再分别利用基本S变换和时频分辨率可调的广义S变换进行算法仿真和时频分析。试验结果表明,广义S变换比基本S变换具有更灵活的时频聚焦性。     

基于遗传算法的一种高分辨率雷达目标识别方法

目标识别是防空信息处理中的一个重要环节,而对空中目标类型的识别还没有成熟的理论。通过对高分辨雷达回波信号的分析,在遗传算法的基础上,提出了一种高分辨雷达目标识别方法,由此进行目标识别。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有高的识别率和强的抗干扰能力。     

弹道中段目标质心位置估计

 质心在目标上的位置是弹道中段目标的重要进动特征,也是目标的质量分布特征,可用于识别弹头和诱饵.针对旋转对称目标,提出了基于窄带雷达回波相位特性的质心位置估计方法.首先,选取目标对称轴上的任意点作为质心位置参考点,定义相应的质心位置参数,并构造以该点为相位参考中心的全姿态散射系数模板;然后,对窄带雷达回波采样序列进行相位匹配变换,搜索匹配函数的最大值,从而得到质心位置参数的估计值.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

一种新的周期性运动部件调制谱估计方法

目标内部运动部件对雷达回波产生的周期性运动部件调制 (PMPM )为目标识别提供了丰富的特征信息。但由于大多数雷达均采用多目标工作方式 ,因此 ,通常情况下只能从雷达获得不连续的目标回波脉冲串 ,这极大增加了根据目标回波频谱提取PMPM特征的难度。针对含PMPM目标回波频谱具有简单结构这一特点 ,提出了基于最小熵准则的交替迭代反卷积方法(AIDME)用于扩展目标雷达回波频谱估计。结果表明 :与傅里叶谱分析方法相比 ,该方法能够有效消除卷积核函数的不利影响 ,获得逼近目标回波真实谱的良好谱估计结果     

雷达目标特征融合的一种方法

由于雷达探测精度、噪声干扰、电磁干扰等因素的影响,使得利用目标的单一特征进行目标识别的识别率受到了限制。针对这一情况,提出了一种基于灰色理论的雷达目标特征融合方法。计算每类目标的各个特征与其相应模板的关联度,然后计算每类目标的综合关联度,由此进行目标识别。结果表明,该方法能够提高雷达目标的识别率。     

一种基于高分辨率距离像自动目标识别新方法

提出了一种基于高分辨率距离像的联合对准与识别新方法。该方法结合功率变换的使用，在利用8米雷达目标实测数据进行的识别实验中，获得了较高的正确识别率。     

一种弹道导弹多目标时频分析ISAR成像算法及仿真

在研究多目标ISAR成像回波信号的基础上,提出了一种基于谱图重排的时频分析ISAR成像算法,针对同一距离单元内不同径向速度和不同微动状态两种情况的弹道导弹多目标ISAR成像问题进行了新算法的仿真研究。仿真结果表明,这种成像方法具有优良的时频聚焦性能,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于小波变换的单脉冲雷达目标RCS测量方法研究

随着现代信号处理技术的发展,对非平稳信号分析和处理的小波分析技术已成功应用于雷达目标特性分析领域,大功率单脉冲雷达作为我国航天测控网的主干设备,具有一定的目标特性识别能力。本文主要针对脉冲雷达RCS测量原理,讨论了基于小波变换的单脉冲雷达空间目标RCS测量方法,提出应发挥窄带低分辨率雷达在未来空间目标识别中的作用。     

米波双基地雷达超高声速目标检测方法研究

针对传统探测方法对临近空间超高声速目标探测存在探测概率低,技术难度大等问题,理论分析了利用双基地雷达探测临近空间超高声速目标的问题,着重讨论了临近空间目标不同周期回波包络的跨距离单元走动问题,并分别从时域和频域作出解释.通过理论分析,提出应用keystone（楔形）变换解决上述问题,实现双基地雷达多脉冲积累.最后,通过MATLAB平台进行仿真实验,验证了基于keystone变换改进检测方法的准确性和可行性.     

Separation of target rigid body and micro-doppler effects in ISAR imaging

Micro-Doppler (m-D) effect is caused by moving parts of the radar target. It can cover rigid parts of a target and degrade the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image. Separation of the patterns caused by stationary parts of the target from those caused by moving (rotating or vibrating) parts is the topic of this paper. Two techniques for separation of the rigid part from the rotating parts have been proposed. The first technique is based on time-frequency (TF) representation with sliding window and order statistics techniques. The first step in this technique is recognition of rigid parts in the range/cross-range plane. In the second step, reviewed TF representation and order statistics setup are employed to obtain signals caused by moving parts. The second technique can be applied in the case of very emphatic m-D effect. In the first step the rotating parts are recognized, based on the inverse Radon transform (RT). After masking these patterns, a radar image with the rigid body reflection can be obtained. The proposed methods are illustrated by examples     

The Design of Huffman Sequences

The paper presents a method by which the zeros of the polynomial representing a Huffman (impulse-equivalent) pulse sequence can be chosen so as to exert a degree of control on the form of the energy distribution of the signal in the time-frequency plane. This makes it possible to design Huffman pulse sequences which are suitable for use as radar or sonar signals in situations where significant target velocity occurs.     

Joint time-frequency transform for radar range-Doppler imaging

Conventional radar imaging uses the Fourier transform to retrieve Doppler information. However, due to the complex motion of a target, the Doppler frequency shifts are actually time-varying. By using the Fourier transform, the Doppler spectrum becomes smeared and the image is blurred. Without resorting to sophisticated motion compensation algorithms, the image blurring problem can be resolved with the joint time-frequency transform. High-resolution time-frequency transforms are investigated, and examples of applications to radar imaging of single and multiple targets with complex motion are given     

Space-time-frequency processing of synthetic aperture radar signals

The subject of this work is the detection and high resolution microwave imaging of objects moving on the ground and observed by an airborne radar. The proposed approach is based on a combined space-time and time-frequency processing. The space-time processing makes use of a linear array antenna and exploits the radar motion for filtering the received echoes in order to improve as much as possible the signal-to-disturbance ratio. The signal is then mapped onto the time-frequency domain, by computing its Wigner-Ville distribution, for a further filtering and for estimating its instantaneous frequency, necessary for the formation of a high resolution image of the moving object     

Micro-Doppler effect in radar: phenomenon, model, and simulation study

When, in addition to the constant Doppler frequency shift induced by the bulk motion of a radar target, the target or any structure on the target undergoes micro-motion dynamics, such as mechanical vibrations or rotations, the micro-motion dynamics induce Doppler modulations on the returned signal, referred to as the micro-Doppler effect. We introduce the micro-Doppler phenomenon in radar, develop a model of Doppler modulations, derive formulas of micro-Doppler induced by targets with vibration, rotation, tumbling and coning motions, and verify them by simulation studies, analyze time-varying micro-Doppler features using high-resolution time-frequency transforms, and demonstrate the micro-Doppler effect observed in real radar data.     

Time-frequency method for detecting an accelerating target in sea clutter

The authors design a time-frequency (TF) method for use in high-frequency surface-wave radar (HFSWR) for detecting a small accelerating target in sea clutter. The clutter is modelled by pseudo targets moving with Bragg velocity towards and away from the radar. The design is based on the Wigner distribution (WD) defined by Chan (type-III WD, in our terminology) rather than the WD defined by Claasen and Mecklenbrauker (1980) (2times type-I WD, in our terminology). Like the type-I WD, the type-III WD also concentrates a chirp signal onto a straight line in the TF plane. The type-III WD has the following advantages: 1) Its range of unambiguously measurable frequencies (RUMF) is [-pi,pi] rad/s, whereas for the type-I WD the RUMF is [-pi/2,pi/2] rad/s. 2) It allows a target separated from the clutter by pi rad/s to be detected, whereas the type-I WD coalesces such a target with the clutter and thereby mask it. An ambiguity function (AF) was defined corresponding to the type-III WD and use it to derive a smoothed type-III WD that mitigates the clutter. The smoothed type-III WD method is applied to real radar data and shown to be superior to the conventional Fourier transform method. The advantages of the type-III WD over the type-I WD are also demonstrated. The design principles laid out in the paper can also be used to develop a TF method for use in air traffic control radar (ATCR) for detecting an accelerating target in land clutter     

微动目标跟踪成像一体化的雷达资源优化调度算法

相控阵雷达可以同时担负搜索、跟踪、识别与成像等多种雷达任务。为了提高雷达对战场环境的感知能力并减轻雷达资源分配的冲突,提出一种微动目标跟踪成像一体化的雷达资源优化调度算法。该算法建立了包含微动目标成像任务的雷达优化调度模型并利用启发式算法求解,利用跟踪脉冲与调度剩余的空闲时间资源,动态地构造感知矩阵并采用正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法对微动目标进行特征提取并成像。仿真结果表明：该算法可以实现稀疏孔径条件下的微动目标成像,并具有良好的鲁棒性,同时进一步提高了雷达系统的资源利用率。     

Bayesian gamma mixture model approach to radar target recognition

This paper develops a Bayesian gamma mixture model approach to automatic target recognition (ATR). The specific problem considered is the classification of radar range profiles (RRPs) of military ships. However, the approach developed is relevant to the generic discrimination problem. We model the radar returns (data measurements) from each target as a gamma mixture distribution. Several different motivations for the use of mixture models are put forward, with gamma components being chosen through a physical consideration of radar returns. Bayesian formalism is adopted and we obtain posterior distributions for the parameters of our mixture models. The distributions obtained are too complicated for direct analytical use in a classifier, so Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are used to provide samples from the distributions. The classification results on the ship data compare favorably with those obtained from two previously published techniques, namely a self-organizing map and a maximum likelihood gamma mixture model classifier.