大学生道德状况与应对之策

本文在调查研究、综合分析的基础上对大学生的道德现状做出了明确判断:道德价值取向多元化,道德认知、道德情感主流健康向上;道德认知与道德行为脱节,价值判断模糊化,价值取向现实化、功利化,文化追求流行化、感性化、个性化,物质生活追求享乐化,科学精神淡泊化,性道德观念随意化.文章系统分析了大学生道德问题的成因,提出了应对之策.     

大学生对传统性道德原则态度现状分析

隐私原则、责任原则、相爱原则、婚姻原则是中国传统性道德的最重要的价值取向,是中华民族优良道德传统重要的组成部分.论文通过对桂林六所高校的问卷调查表明,当今大学生对性道德的这些核心原则既有传承更有挑战,大学生中存在着性道德观念缺失的现象.为了培育大学生健康且高尚人格,高校要切实重视大学生的性道德教育问题,采用有效措施重建大学生性道德观念.     

对高校道德情感教育缺失的反思

从心理角度讲,一个人道德品格的形成由道德认知、道德情感、道德意志和道德行为构成,多年来,我们充分注意了道德认知教育,但却忽略了道德情感教育,高校道德教育缺乏实效性.因此.今天的高校德育工作,应把大学生的道德情感教育作为切入点,积极寻找对策,促进其道德情感的尽快形成,实现知行合一,使德育工作更具实效性.     

网络环境下大学生人本化德育教育模式研究

人本化德育是当前德育发展的趋势。在德育过程中它强调人的主体性、人的自我价值并从个体的自我需要出发进行道德教育,从而实现受教育者的全面发展,使之成为道德高尚的人。因此,从人本化德育的本质入手,探讨新时期大学生人本化德育的构建模式,对提高大学生的思想政治、道德素质有着积极的现实意义。     

对高校道德情感教育缺失的反思

从心理角度讲，一个人道德品格的形成由道德认知、道德情感、道德意志和道德行为构成，多年来，我们充分注意了道德认知教育，但却忽略了道德情感教育，高校道德教育缺乏实效性。因此。今天的高校德育工作，应把大学生的道德情感教育作为切入点，积极寻找对策，促进其道德情感的尽快形成，实现知行合一，使德育工作更具实效性。     

试论网络时代高校大学生思想教育工作的机遇与困惑

随着计算机和通讯技术的迅猛发展,人类社会开始全面迈进网络时代.互联网作为信息传播的新媒体,不仅为高校大学生思想教育工作提供了丰富的信息来源和快捷的传播方式,拓展了教育空间,使教育工作更趋人性化,同时在舆论导向、价值取向、民族文化传承、学风建设等方面也给高校大学生思想教育工作带来了严峻的的挑战和困惑.     

试论网络时代高校大学生思想教育工作的机遇与困惑

随着计算机和通讯技术的迅猛发展，人类社会开始全面迈进网络时代。互联网作为信息传播的新媒体，不仅为高校大学生思想教育工作提供了丰富的信息来源和快捷的传播方式，拓展了教育空间，使教育工作更趋人性化，同时在舆论导向、价值取向、民族文化传承、学风建设等方面也给高校大学生思想教育工作带来了严峻的的挑战和困惑。     

推进廊坊网络文化建设 弘扬廊坊精神的研究

在社会主义核心价值观的引领下,廊坊市依托龙凤文化的深远影响,提炼了以＂大气、锐气、和气＂为核心的廊坊精神,彰显了独具魅力的廊坊人的价值取向和精神追求,形成了推动廊坊发展的精神支柱。本文着重探讨如何更好地推动网络文化建设,进而为践行、弘扬廊坊精神提供更多的参考。     

浅析雷锋精神对当代大学生的影响

雷锋是当代大学生永远的学习榜样,雷锋精神在当代大学生身上得到充分展现,影响着当代大学生的社会主义核心价值观、优秀品德和良好道德的养成。     

道德学习:现代道德教育的取向

道德学习和道德教育是教育上的两种不同理念的体现,其存在是有一定的哲学、心理学和伦理学理论基础的.实现道德学习的方式在于把学习的自动权交还给学生、通过创设情景来唤醒学生的道德体验、进行道德对话教学、使学生学会价值辨析、让学生进行自我的道德反思.道德学习的自主性体现了人的存在价值和生命意义,道德学习的开放性防止对学生的道德教育流于形式,道德学习的实践性培养了学生的道德能力.道德学习是一个持续的、终身的过程.     

Manifest complexity: A foundational ethic for astrobiology?

This paper examines the age old question of the basis of moral value in the new context of astrobiology, which offers a fresh perspective. The goal is to offer the broad outline of a general theory of moral value that can accommodate the diversity of living entities we are likely to encounter beyond the confines of Earth. It begins with ratiocentrism, the view that the possession of reason is the primary means by which we differentiate entities having moral value in and of themselves from those having moral value merely by virtue of the uses to which they can be put. I broaden this basis to include sociality and culture, arguing that these three attributes tend evolve as a “package deal.” Because of this, it's really the sociality-reason-culture triad (SRCT) which should be the criterion for intrinsic moral value. If the SRCT linkage is sufficiently strong, it follows that this sort of moral valuation would be shared by any non-human entities capable of reflection on the nature of such things, granting it a curious kind of objectivity. I then suggest that the unfolding of complexity produced by SRCT species may be the best means to realize the manifest destiny (manifest complexity) of all life, which could provide an ultimate, metaphysical foundation for ethical value. Finally, I outline how this new theory can be applied to different types of entities that we may encounter beyond Earth.     

以崇尚科学为荣

社会主义荣辱观是科学发展观的重要组成部分,是正确世界观、人生观、价值观、道德观的生动体现。当前,我国正处于改革发展的关键时期,迫切需要建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的正确的社会荣辱观,科学的作用正是对这种精神力量的支撑和塑造。     

影响高校德育工作的几个消极因素

本文市场经济、社会消极现象、应试教育、高等教育及德育教育自身缺陷等方面对高校德育工作的消极影响加以分析，立足现实，提出问题，与高等教育工作者，德育工作者共同探讨，以求改进完善高校德育工作。作者坚信，真正找到了问题所在，也就找到了解决问题的切入点。     

从行动到感悟

社会实践既是大学生树立"三观"的重要途径,又是体现大学生"三观"的重要形式。通过大学生社会实践对其"三观"确立影响的调查,分析了当前大学生对"三观"的认识和态度及对社会实践取向,探讨了其中影射出的问题和原因,提出了实现社会实践成为确立大学生正确"三观"的政策和建议。     

Property rights and the duty to extend human life

This article examines what the author calls the ‘argument from duty’, i.e. the argument that we should recognize private property rights in space because doing so will help us to act upon our duty to ensure the future survival of humanity. More strongly, the motivational impact of recognizing such rights may be required if we are to act upon this duty in an effective manner. The article argues that the duty in question is important but not overriding and that there are other duties with which it may happen to conflict. More specifically, the practical requirements of human resettlement may conflict with our duty to pursue a more just and environmentally sensitive way of living here on Earth. If this is correct, only a significantly weakened argument from duty may be made. The article also strengthens the case for thinking about our duties in the light of other ethical considerations.     

Is space an environment?

Expanding the human sphere of influence beyond Earth presents philosophical questions that also have important practical applications. Do we need to worry about the moral implications of our actions in the vastness of space? What kind of explorers will we be - and what kind of explorers should we be? The answers to these basic questions depend greatly on what moral status is assigned to space; how it is conceptualized. This article sets forth arguments both for and against considering space as an environment, that is, as a place deserving of ethical treatment in the same way that terrestrial environments are valued and respected in environmental ethics. It sketches some answers to how space exploration could meet high ethical standards and puts forward the notion of environmental ‘virtue ethics’.     

Societal imperatives and the need for space nuclear power and propulsion systems

The development and exploitation of nuclear power and propulsion represent certain didactic imperatives for human civilization. Among these are economic, epistemological, moral and commercial propositions. Developing space nuclear power and propulsion represents one future; the choice of not to pursue the course barring some breakthrough in physics represents a dramatically different future. The author argues that the time is now fortuitous for deployment and operation of nuclear propulsion and power, primarily nuclear electric propulsion, at significant levels, employing figures of merit that transcend simple cost models used to justify nuclear power sources in the past. The proposition is examined, in the light of US and UN restrictions, to ascertain how best to proceed. The author argues that viewpoints of certain vocal albeit uninformed public interest groups are typically self-serving and generally categorically incorrect; it can be asserted that these same groups do not truly represent the public interest at all. It is, therefore, necessary to present an even-handed assessment of both sides of the argument to determine the virtues and liabilities of embarking on such a developmental path. Given the imperatives mentioned, the author argues that nuclear power and propulsion for space systems is a societal necessity.     

Three dimensional spatial memory and learning in real and virtual environments

Human orientation and spatial cognition partlydepends on our ability to remember sets ofvisual landmarks and imagine their relationshipto us from a different viewpoint. We normallymake large body rotations only about a singleaxis which is aligned with gravity. However,astronauts who try to recognize environmentsrotated in 3 dimensions report that theirterrestrial ability to imagine the relativeorientation of remembered landmarks does noteasily generalize. The ability of humansubjects to learn to mentally rotate a simplearray of six objects around them was studied in1-G laboratory experiments. Subjects weretested in a cubic chamber (n = 73) and aequivalent virtual environment (n = 24),analogous to the interior of a space stationnode module. A picture of an object waspresented at the center of each wall. Subjectshad to memorize the spatial relationships amongthe six objects and learn to predict thedirection to a specific object if their bodywere in a specified 3D orientation. Percentcorrect learning curves and response times weremeasured. Most subjects achieved high accuracyfrom a given viewpoint within 20 trials,regardless of roll orientation, and learned asecond view direction with equal or greaterease. Performance of the subject group thatused a head mounted display/head tracker wasqualitatively similar to that of the secondgroup tested in a physical node simulator. Body position with respect to gravity had asignificant but minor effect on performance ofeach group, suggesting that results may alsoapply to weightless situations. A correlationwas found between task performance measures andconventional paper-and-pencil tests of fieldindependence and 2&3 dimensional figurerotation ability.     

Learning Spatial Localization: From Rat Studies to Computational Models of the Hippocampus

In his landmark article, Richard Morris (1981) introduced a set of rat experiments intended “to demonstrate that rats can rapidly learn to locate an object that they can never see, hear, or smell provided it remains in a fixed spatial location relative to distal room cues” (p. 239). These experimental studies have greatly impacted our understanding of rat spatial cognition. In this article, we address a spatial cognition model primarily based on hippocampus place cell computation where we extend the prior Barrera–Weitzenfeld model (2008) intended to allow navigation in mazes containing corridors. The current work extends beyond the limitations of corridors to enable navigation in open arenas where a rat may move in any direction at any time. The extended work reproduces Morris's rat experiments through virtual rats that search for a hidden platform using visual cues in a circular open maze analogous to the Morris water maze experiments. We show results with virtual rats comparing them to Morris's original studies with rats.     

Wayfinding Through Orientation

Dominant approaches in computer-assisted wayfinding support adhere to the deeply problematic principles of turn-by-turn navigation. In this article, we suggest a new approach called “Wayfinding Through Orientation,” which supports the acquisition of spatial knowledge and cognitive mapping for advancing the user’s spatial orientation. Being oriented on one’s way is a prerequisite to enabling people to verify instructions and to incorporate new spatial information into their existing knowledge structure. In three studies described in this article we first present empirical evidence that people can be supported in survey knowledge acquisition through suitable wayfinding instructions. Consequently, we explore orientation information in human wayfinding instructions. Finally, we outline how orientation information can be communicated within a prototypically implemented navigation assistance system.