Stability of Gyro in a Vehicle Spinning with Uncertain Angular Velocity

The analysis of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The nonlinearity in the equation of motion of the gimbal is retained. Using circle criterion, it is shown that the gimbal motion is globally asymptotically stable if Nyquist plot of the linear transfer function of the gyro lies in the interior of a certain disk. A simple analytical relation for the selection of gyro parameters for stability is derived.     

Theory of Errors of a Multigimbal, Elastically Supported, Tuned Gyroscope

An elastically supported, tuned gyroscope is a complex device, but experience has shown that it can be represented by mathematical models by means of which practically all of its characteristic errors can be analyzed and predicted with good accuracy. The gyro angular transfer function, derived in [1], serves as an excellent basis of evaluation of errors due to asymmetries of the gimballing system and effects of rotor angular offsets. The gyro translational transfer function, derived in this paper, may be used in the analysis of errors caused by linear acceleration inputs.     

Stability of Gyro with Harmonic Nonlinearity in Spinning Vehicle

A stability analysis of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity ?z about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The complete nonlinear equation of motion, which includes the fundamental and second harmonic nonlinear terms, arising due to ?z, is considered. For time-varying ?z(t), using the circle criterion, it is shown that the gimbal motion is globally asymptotically stable if the Nyquist plot of the linear transfer function of the gyro lies in the interior of a certain disk. For the case of uncertain constant ?z, using the Lyapunov approach, conditions for global asymptotic stability (GAS) and asymptotic stability are derived. Stable regions in parameter space of the gyro and state space are obtained. Analytical relations for the selection of gyro parameters are derived.     

陀螺稳定平台速率稳定回路设计

在陀螺稳定平台伺服控制系统中,其内回路采用陀螺速率稳定回路作为控制模式。本文基于传递函数对控制方法进行研究,针对陀螺相位滞后大以及扰动力矩对速率环的影响,利用超前校正补偿陀螺相位滞后,利用扰动观测技术补偿力矩扰动的影响,以提高系统速率环性能。     

Accurate INS Transfer Alignment Using a Monitor Gyro and External Navigation Measurements

A particular alignment mechanization for a nonmaneuvering vehicle is described which uses a monitor gyro to estimate the slave inertial navigation system (INS) equivalent east gyro drift rate and thus improves azimuth alignment. A state-space model of the dynamic system with measurements is developed. Results of covariance simulations employing Kalman filter estimation are presented for two master INS position update scenarios, one involving frequent and very accurate updates and the other including infrequent and coarse updates. The ef fects of position updates and the monitor gyro on the quality of transfer alignment are demonstrated and analyzed.     

Angular Velocity Measurement Using Rate Gyros in a Spinning Vehicle

It is shown that when the gyro spin vector is in opposition to the spin vector of the vehicle, the output differential equation of the gyro becomes unstable for large vehicle spin values. When the gyro is used with its spin vector along the spin vector of the vehicle, the steady-state response of the gyro is a nonlinear function of the roll rate of the vehicle.     

窄频差硅基环形陀螺检测闭环控制系统设计

针对窄频差硅基环形波动陀螺动态性能差的问题，提出了一种基于比例积分微分-惯性环节（proportion integral differential-inertial element，PID-IE）的串联式相位校正检测闭环系统控制器。以硅微机械陀螺仪结构运动方程为基础建立了理想的窄频差U 形弹性梁硅基环形波动陀螺仪的系统模型。通过对环形陀螺开环工作状态下的系统模型及其外围电路的传递函数和波特图分析，设计了一种基于PID-IE的检测闭环系统控制器。通过对其系统模型及外围电路时域仿真，验证了该检测闭环控制系统的可行性，通过仿真发现，加入该控制器后的陀螺输出稳定时间减少了50%，陀螺检测位移输出减小了2个数量级，基本实现了该陀螺的检测位移抑制。在模拟电路中实现了该检测闭环控制系统后，通过实验测试了陀螺检测闭环控制前后的各项性能指标。通过实验测试发现，实现闭环控制后，陀螺输出稳定时间约为0.15 s，陀螺检测位移在闭环工作状态下比开环工作状态减小了97%，陀螺的标度因数比检测开环提高了10倍,零偏及零偏不稳定性与检测开环相比分别提升了3倍和8倍，且闭环控制系统的工作带宽比开环工作带宽提高了30倍。     

Gyro Motion Boundedness under Uncertain Angular Acceleration about Vehicle Output Axis

An analysis of the motion of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which has uncertain time-varying acceleration and deceleration ?x(t) about the output axis of the gyro is presented. Using a Lyapunov function, a condition for boundedness of the gyro motion is derived. It is shown that by a proper selection of the parameters of the gyro, its motion can be forced to remain in a small neighborhood (called region of ultimate boundedness) of the origin in ? - ? plane after a certain finite interval of time for any bounded uncertain ?x(t). Analytical relations for the selection of gyro parameters to keep the error caused in the measurement of the input rate due to ?x within desirable limits are derived.     

Inertial System Platform Rotation

Differential error equations are derived for the navigation errors of a local level undamped pure inertial platform that continuously rotates in azimuth. From these, the time response equations for the vector position error produced by a constant level gyro drift error, as a function of platform rotation rate, are computed and evaluated. It is shown that platform rotation attenuates the system position error due to level gyro bias and that this attenuation is a nonlinear function of rotation rate.     

激光惯组结构系统陀螺抖动性能确定方法与应用

当二频机抖陀螺相对于其安装基座的抖动幅度较小时,偏频技术不能很好消除锁区的影响,陀螺精度将降低,甚至停止抖动失去功能。激光陀螺抖动性能与结构密切相关,给出了激光惯组箱体减振器本体抖轮陀螺体系统的激光陀螺抖动多体动力学模型及关键参数识别方法,能够根据激光惯组的结构、减振设计方案计算陀螺抖动性能,进而选取合适参数及结构布局解决激光惯组系统陀螺抖动效率差的问题。最后,通过型号实际问题分析验证了该方法的准确性及工程实用性。     

光纤陀螺惯导稳定平台与旋转调制方法

光纤陀螺仪在随机误差方面表现出极佳的性能优势,但受限于其标度因数不理想的现实。针对航海用长航时、高精度光纤陀螺惯导系统的使用需求,设计了基于光纤陀螺数字信号实现载体三维角运动隔离的同时完成惯性测量装置的旋转调制功能,可有效减小光纤陀螺标度因数误差与载体运动角速度的耦合误差,同时充分发挥光纤陀螺随机游走小的精度优势。理论仿真验证了光纤惯导稳定平台加旋转调制方法的优越性和可行性,为光纤陀螺惯导系统在高精度导航领域中的应用提供了技术基础。     

再入式光纤陀螺实用化技术研究

再入式光纤陀螺（Re—FOG）使相互干涉的两路光循环进入光纤环，通过缩短光纤长度克服温度和应力引起的误差。本文研究了再入武光纤陀螺实用化的相关技术；提出了一种采用脉冲相位调制的信号检测方法；设计了专门的数据通讯模块。实验结果表明：所提出的信号检测方法可分离出所需循环次数的信号并解算出陀螺转速；所设计的通讯模块能保证实现陀螺与导航计算机之间的快速、稳定、准确的数据传送。再入式光纤陀螺可成为实用化的新型光纤陀螺。     

Spectral Analysis of Optimal and Suboptimal Gyro Monitoring Filters

Gyro monitoring filters are used to estimate and correct gyro drift rates of local-level inertial navigation systems. Conventional gyro monitoring filters are usually designed based on a simplified model of gyro drift rate. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these filters-and of many filters of the "Kalman" type-is often measured in terms of the root mean square (rms) criterion in contrast to the spectral content criterion typical of classical Wiener filtering theory. This paper has two objectives: to propose a gyro monitoring filter which is based on a more detailed model of gyro drift rate; and to propose a method of filter performance evaluation which uses as criterion a measure of the spectral content of the error process. The proposed gyro monitoring filter is shown to have improved spectral contents resulting in superior navigation performance for the gyro error models used in the calculations (comparable to commercial-grade aircraft gyros).     

金属壳谐振陀螺误差补偿方法研究

针对金属壳谐振陀螺的误差建模与补偿方法进行研究.首先,通过分析金属壳谐振陀螺的敏感机理,找到影响陀螺性能的误差源,建立金属壳谐振陀螺的误差模型.然后,研究陀螺的误差传播特性,对误差源进行分类,提出金属壳谐振陀螺的误差补偿方法.最后,利用试验方法对建立的误差模型和补偿方法进行验证.试验结果表明:经过补偿后的金属壳谐振陀螺在工作温度范围内(-45℃ ～55℃)零偏不稳定性降低至4.67(°)/h,全温度段线性度由0.2％降低至0.03％,随机游走为0.6982(°)/h1/2,陀螺的综合性能得到显著提升,证明了误差模型和补偿方法的有效性.     

一种新型机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台陀螺安装方式

陀螺安装方式及相应的算法编排是稳定平台设计中的一项关键技术。针对机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台特点,提出了将方位陀螺安装在方位环上,俯仰陀螺和横滚陀螺安装在俯仰环上的陀螺安装方式。利用空间矢量分解理论分析了陀螺输出角速度信号的投影关系及电机控制信号的分配;基于稳定平台系统模型,对理想正交情况和考虑陀螺安装误差情况进行了仿真分析,验证了此种安装方式的可行性和优越性。分析表明,在同等条件下,所提出的安装方式减小了稳定平台的机械尺寸,降低了稳定平台的重量和功耗,实现了三维角速度的正交测量,简化了三轴解耦控制算法。研究结论可为其他三轴稳定平台结构设计和陀螺安装方式设计提供参考。     

闭环光纤陀螺研究

 在开环光纤陀螺的基础上,采用锯齿波相位调制实现相移补偿,组成闭环光纤陀螺样机。通过对补偿相移特性的分析提出利用一种比较简单的实验方法,综合分析陀螺的线性度误差,对提高线性度有重要意义。本文给出了由锯齿波回扫时间引起的频差的实测结果。     

弹性飞行器纵向稳定性问题

 本文研究考虑气动弹性时飞行器的纵向稳定性问题。首先由弹性飞行器的纵向扰动运动方程出发,导出了便于计算采用的弹性飞行器纵向扰动方程的标准矩阵形式,作出作为控制对象的弹性飞行器在考虑一阶、二阶及三阶振型时的传递函数;其次分析气动弹性对整个飞行器系统的稳定性的影响,并提出对飞行器自动驾驶仪敏感元件的可能合适位置选择的要求。最后还建立了计算气动弹性对飞行器气动导数值影响的理论式。     

INVESTIGATION OF SENSITIVITY FOR SILICON MICROMECHANICAL TUNING-FORK GYROSCOPE

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空空导弹捷联惯导系统空中标定技术研究

针对空空导弹捷联惯导系统提出了一种空中标定方法。该方法是在载机空中飞行的过程中,利用机载主惯导到弹载子惯导的数据传递过程,利用卡尔曼滤波估计算出惯性器件误差的一种标定方法。通过数字仿真分析,该方法可以实现对陀螺常值漂移和加速度计常值偏置一定程度的标定,并能够延长其定期标定的周期。     

激光陀螺吸气剂的测试方法研究

激光陀螺谐振腔内部的工作气体纯度直接影响陀螺的光功率输出,吸气剂作为激光陀螺内部维持气体纯度的关键部件,是决定激光陀螺光功率长期稳定性的关键因素。针对激光陀螺对吸气剂的使用需求,提出了一种含振动冲击筛选与质谱检测等手段相结合的综合检测方法,并通过实验对吸气剂的结构强度、吸气性能与激活条件进行了分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地判断某种吸气剂选型是否满足激光陀螺的使用要求,为激光陀螺吸气剂的选择提供指导。